PAPER OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS

“Language and Culture”

COMPILED BY :
GROUP 12

1. Nurfhaina A12121006
2. Nirma Kartikasari A12121010
3. Putri Lestari A12121020
4. Sri Angelika Salawali A12121041
5. Ma’rifat Septiana A12120154

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

LANGUAGE AND ART EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
TADULAKO UNIVERSITY
2023
 INTRODUCTION LANGUAGE AND CULTURE

Language is a system of conventional spoken, manual (signed), or written symbols by

means of which human beings, as members of a social group and participants in it’s culture,
express themselves. The functions of language include communication, the expression of
identity, play, imaginative expression, and emotional release.
Culture can be defined as all the ways of life including arts, beliefs and institutions of
a population that are that are passed down from generation to generation. Culture has been
called “the way of life for an entire society.” As such, it includes codes of manners, dress,
language, religion, rituals, art.
It is widely acknowledged that language is a component of culture and that it is crucial
to it. Language simultaneously reflects culture, and is influenced and shaped by it. Brown
(1994:165) describes the two as follows:
“A language is a part of a culture and a culture is a part of a language; the two
are intricately interwoven so that one cannot separate the two without losing
the significance of either language or culture.”
In a word, culture and language are inseparable.
 RESULT

What Came First, Language or Culture?

Since the beginning, humans have been communicating and engaging one another in
various ways. As a result, the language came first, for obvious reasons. Language is both the
source and the essence of a culture.
Many languages evolved. And there are still many languages spoken around the world.
Just 200 languages remain in both spoken and written form out of over 7000 languages. And
many of the languages are now extinct.
It is fair to say that the complexity of languages and cultural diversity has increased over
time. Languages change over time, owing to their cultural associations.

What is the Relation Between Culture and Language?

Within a social community, culture and language share human beliefs, realities, and
actions. As a result, there is a relationship between culture and language. Whether it’s national
folklore or everyday conversation, language and culture go hand in hand.
Paralanguage is the non-lexical portion of any culture's language It's a broad word that
encompasses things like body language and voice pitch or sound. Pitch, intonation, speech rate,
facial expressions, and hesitation noises are examples of paralanguage. It has a significant
influence on the language you use.
Depending on where you grew up, the paralanguage will be different. We pick up on
those behaviors, expressions, and intonations from the people around us. Body language that
conveys conflict in one country sometimes views as supportive in another. This is why, while
talking, paralanguage can trigger miscommunication between ethnic groups.

How Language and Culture are Interlinked?

Language changes often represent a culture's changing values. Language and culture are
inextricably related. And you can't learn one without knowing the other first.
Language is related to all features of human life in society. And comprehension of the
surrounding culture is the key to learning a language. The language also allows for the
development and evolution of cultural values.
Ken Hale, a well-known linguist, discusses the relationship between culture and
language. He claims that when a language loses. A piece of culture is also lost as culture has a
strong influence on the language. Our fundamental traditions, ideals, and interpersonal
interactions are all influenced by culture. Language, on the other hand, makes these exchanges
quick. Language promotes social connections. At the same time, culture aids our learning of
how to connect with others.
Language and Culture Evolution
Both language and culture are constantly developing. For example, the English we use
today is very different from the English of the past. Similarly, there are many variations between
old and modern western cultures.
Language and culture both change significantly over time. You can't expect a 10-year-
old Chilean and a 70- year-old man to share the same culture or speak the same language even
though they live in the same town.
Examples of Language and Culture
Nida (1998: 29) holds the view that Language and culture are two symbolic systems.
Everything we say in language has meanings, designative or sociative, denotative or
connotative. Every language form we use has meanings, carries meanings that are not in the
same sense because it is associated with culture and culture is more extensive than
languageNida (1998: 29) holds the view that Language and culture are two symbolic systems.
Everything we say in language has meanings, designative or sociative, denotative or
connotative. Every language form we use has meanings, carries meanings that are not in the
same sense because it is associated with culture and culture is more extensive than language.
People of different cultures can refer to different things while using the same language
forms. For instance, a Chinese man will most likely refer to steamed bread or rice when he says
"lunch," whereas an Englishman may mean a hamburger or pizza:
Another example of the relationship between language and culture can also be seen from
Malay proverb. Malay proverb reflects the nature, attitude, and condition of the Malay people.
As seen in 'Di mana bumi dipijak, di situ langit dijunjung. It tells that Malay people can always
adapt to the circumstances or situations they visit.
 DISCUSSION
1. Questioner : Artika
Question : What is difference between Old English and Modern English, can you give an
example ?
Answered : Sri Angelika Salawali and Putri
2. Questioner : Sri
Question : How language effected cullture ?
Answered : Putri
3. Questioner : Nurhaliza Hasan
Question : How can understanding local culture improve language skills ?
Answered : Nirma Kartikasari
 CONCLUSION
That there is a very close relationship between language and culture in general, and a
specific language and its culture in particular. That is, culture has a direct effect on language.
In fact, the two issues are closely correlated and interrelated. Language is the symbolic
presentation of a nation or a specific community. In other words, language is the symbolic
presentation of a culture.
The interrelation between language and culture possesses cognitive-pragmatic nature.
Fulfilling the functions of a culture bearer and transmitter, language is considered as a means
of realization of communication between the representatives of the same or different ethnos. In
the process of communication the transformations of culture via the language devices occur.
Accordingly, culture plays a specific role in naming the objects of reality which are closely
connected with the culture and routine of the ethnos. Therefore, alongside with direct definition,
such names contain additional information about the culture, daily routine and life style of the
ethnos.
 REFERENCES
https://thelanguagedoctors.org/what-is-the-language-and-culture-relationship/
https://bagawanabiyasa.wordpress.com/2016/08/21/hubungan-bahasa-dengan-kebudayaan/
https://mobile.sederet.com/tutorial/perbedaan-bahasa-inggris-kuno-vs-bahasa-inggris-modern/