ENGLISH 8 (3rd Quarter reviewer)

LITERATURE

Southeast Asia consists of 11 countries that reach from eastern India to China, and is generally divided into "mainland"
and "island" zones. The mainland (Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam) is actually an extension of the Asian
continent. Muslims can be found in all mainland countries, but the most significant populations are in southern Thailand
and western Burma (Arakan).

Island or maritime Southeast Asia includes Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines, Brunei, and the new nation of
East Timor (formerly part of Indonesia). Islam is the state religion in Malaysia and Brunei. Muslims are a minority in
Singapore and the southern Philippines.

Regions in Southeast Asia

The area consists of two separate geographic regions. The northern portion is known as Mainland Southeast Asia, or
Indochina, situated on the Indochinese peninsula; it consists countries of Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, West Malaysia
(Peninsular Malaysia), Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam

The second region is also known as the Malay Archipelago or Maritime Southeast Asia.

Aralinks, page 204

Geographically, we are very close to Indonesia. It takes a Sulu native only two hours to reach Indonesia, whereas it takes longer for an
inhabitant of Luzon to reach some islands in the Visayan group. Our forefathers came from Indonesia, and in language, there is a
striking similarity between ours and the language in this area

The Ramayana and the Mahabharata have virtually influenced the development of these fine arts, furnishing subject matter for
them. The Mahabharata stories, particularly the legends about the god Krishna, appear in sculptured figures, puppets, and shadow-
plays based on Javanese versions

the nationalist movements that led to Indonesia independence after World War II, did the modern literature arise, closely linked with
the new ideal of a national language, Bahasa Indonesia

Modern literature is still in its infancy. Malay and Bahasa Indonesian poets Muhammad Yamin, Rustan Effendi, and Sanusi Pani, still
strongly traditional in style and choice of forms, were influenced by the Westerners, in particular by the Dutch

Among the modern Indonesian writers is Takdir Alisjangga Baru (the New Writer). Two of his novels are The Ever Lighted Lamp (1952)
and Unruffled Sails (1938). Mochtar Lubis, a Magsaysay Memorial Foundation awardee and an editor of the newspaper Indonesian
Raya, is another important writer with interesting stories about his people
Guno and Kuyo

Q. How did the Villagers react to Guno and Koyo's running?

A: The villagers were awakened and they came out with sticks and sickles to pursue them

Q: What was Guno's view of the river?

A: For Guno, the river was not flooded

Q: Was it flooded and deep or not?

A: No, the river was not flooded

Q: What did they land on?

Q: How would it have felt?

Q: How did the villagers overcome their intial rage?

A: The villagers laughed when Guno and Koro pretended to swim in the dry riverbed

Q: How did the two fugitives' stupidity save them?

A: They were astonished with the silliness of the fugitives, and because of this, people could not bring themselves to punish the two
men

Maguindanao Pearls
Vocabulary Words:
1.) priceless - extremely valuable or important
2.) comely - pleasing in appearance
3.) inquisitive - tending to ask questions or having a desire to know or learn more
4.) irreparable - too bad to be corrected or repaired
5.) pallid - not attractive or pale in color
6.) tumultuous - loud or full of confusion
7.) heirloom - a valuable object that has belonged to a family for several generation
8.) tattle - to gossip about personal matters or secret
9.) quiver - shake slightly or tremble
10.) ordeal - it is a primitive means to determine guilt or innocence by submitting the accused to dangerous
and painful test
Characters of the Story
Sinag-tala - a 16-year-old basket weaver and the daughter of Pirang Kawayan. She fell in love with
Magliting/Walang Gulat. Was called Lily by the river
Lakambini - antangonist of the story, became jealous of Sinag-tala and accused her taking pearls
Magiting/Walang Gulat - son of the Chief of Pasigan. Was already engaged to Lakambini but fell in love with
Sinag-tala
Pirang Kawayan - father of Sinag-tala, Chief of Maynila.

1. What was the heirloom that the withered grandmother gave her newborn granddaughter? What was her
dream for her granddaughter?
- The heirloom that the withered grandmother gave to her newborn granddaughter was a small, pallid pearl.
Her dream was for her granddaughter to own priceless pearls taken from oysters living in the blue seas of
faraway Maguindanao
2. How did they measure time in the Maguindanao area?
- They measured time through the number of moons that passed and the size of the trees
3. Many people called her beautiful, but why did she not believe such praises? What was she lacking? Instead,
what was the only thing she had?
- She did not have a string of lustrous pearls that she could wear only a tiny, pallid one given by her
grandmother
4. Who was asking for Sinag-Tala's presence? Why?
- Lakambini, daughter of the rajah. She wants her to weave two beautiful baskets
5. What did the Lakambini posses that Sinag-tala so desired?
- String of lustrous pearls
6. What was the task that the Lakambini asked Sinag-tala to do? What was the purpose?
- Two beautiful sturdy woven baskets that would serve as gifts for her future mother-in-law
7. Whom did Sinag-tala see near the river? What did he have that Sinag-tala needs?
- She met Magiting, or Walanag Gulat who was the son of the chief, ruler of the Pasigan barangay
10. What was the accusation charged against Sinag-tala by Lakambini? Was this true? Where were the pearls?
- No, this was not true, because Lakimbini was extremely jealous, so she hid the pearls in order to set up Sinag-
tala
11. How did Sinag-tala pledge her innocence to the judges?
- She cried in a consequence where if she really had taken the pearls, hungry crocodiles army swallow her and
flames may scorch her
12. Who tried to save Sinag-tala from the humiliating and dangerous trial? Was his intervention effective
enough to stop the trial?
- Magiting or Walang Gulat came to try saving Sinag-tala, but his intervention was not effective enough to stop
the trial
13. What would happen in the ordeal by fire? How would innocence or guilt be revealed?
- The defendant was blindfolded, then hands would be dipped into a boiling pot to take out the white stone
that rests in its bottom. Then the innocence of the defendant would be revealed this her hand remained
blistered, unburnt after taking out a white stone. But he, or she would be sentenced as guilty if the hands got
burnt
14. What was the tragic end to the ordeal? What was the ultimate consequence of Lakambini's jealousy?
- Sinag-tala's father killed her own daughter even before the ordeal. The ultimate consequence of Lakambini's
jealousy is the death of an innocent woman
Conflict: Man, vs Man

Climax: Sinag-tala was accused of stealing the pearls

Theme: Jealousy leads to destroying one's reputation

Guno and Kuyo

Retold by Harold Courlander

1. What was ironic about the names of Guno and Kuyo? Why did people smile whenever they heard the names?

Guno means "helpful" while Koyo's name means "rich" but they are poor and guno is dumb

2. What did Guno and Kuyo do to a sleeping hadji one night? What problem did they encounter because of too much greed and
stupidity?

Koyo thought the one with the robe was the hadji but it was Guno

3. How did the villagers react to Guno and Koyo running

They were angry

4. What was Guno's view of the river? Was it flooded and deep or not? What do you think about this

It isn't deep because if it was you could not see the rocks at the bottom and it would be dark

5. What did they land on? How would it have felt?

He fell into the graven and rocks. He was embarrassed so he made swimming motions

6. How did the villagers overcome their initial rage? How did the fugitive’s stupidity save them?

They saw Guno and Kuyo make swimming motions even though the river has been dry for 6 months, then started laughing / by being
so dumb they thought the river had water in it

7. Why did the saying "Don't go swimming in a dry riverbed" become popular? Do you know any similar Filipino tale? Share it.

that will either make you look bad, or in some cases, look silly.
The Gold Harvest

What was the husband’s plan to become rich? Did his wife believe in such a plan? Why do you say so?

- The husband original plan was to turn copper to gold. Yes, because the wife believes in the wealth of nature and richness of
the earth and she support husband.

When all their ticals had been used for experiments, what was the wife’s suggestions to her husband? Why do you think the wife
needed to finally talk to her husband?

- Her suggestion was why don't you give up this dream and go to work like other men? because her husband already do such
thing experiment but the experiment doesn’t really turn copper to gold.

Whom did the wife ask for counsel? Do you think it was wise?

- The wife asks for counsel to Nai Hah Tong father – in – law. Yes because she ask counsel to tong father-in-law.

Why do you think meal was important before heading into a serious conversation> Is this the same way we do it as Filipinos?

- For me, we should enjoy first the meal before we get into a possible serious conversation or argument. For us Filipinos, we
all know that Filipinos will really enjoy their delicious food before talking.

What did the old man need and what were the strict requirements?

- The old man need was to give his best knowledge to his son-in-law since he has one condition. He might not work hard for it
and long enough to get it because he is old to grow the crops. His strict requirements was he has two kilos of soft fuzz
gathered from the underside of the banana leaf, and the fuzz must be plucked carefully from our very own banana trees.

What was the priest’s requirement? Do you believe in such things?

- The priest said, “since you were born in the year of the Ox, you must begin plowing on Wednesday, the tenth day of the
fourth lunar month. For me yes, I believe in this kind of things because its popular to understand what natural luck you have.

How did the wife benefit from the collections of the soft fuzzes?

- Since the husband was busy collecting soft fuzzies, the wife took advantage of the banana fruits. Her husband didn't want
the delicious fruits and only wanted the soft ones, so she made a profit selling them on the market.

Did the old man really change copper into gold? How? If you had this power, would you use it? What for?

- Not really but the old man said, that he and his wife harvested gold from the sale of their bananas.

Why did the son-in-law make a statue of the old man?

- He looked at the meaningless pile of banana fuzz mounted high on the table under the smiling face at his father-in-law

Reflect on this: “if you don’t reach your destination by one road, try another.
 - My interpretation of the passage is that even if you don't achieve your dream, you can try again to achieve it.

Why must people become industrious?

- Having an entrepreneurial attitude is essential for overcoming obstacles, motivating yourself, and achieving your goals. An
industrious person is energetic, dedicated, and diligent in their work. Efficiency, perseverance, and a good work ethic are
some of the traits of an industrious person.

Grammar:
Simple and Complex Verb Phrase

a verb phrase consisting of a main verb called simple verb phrase

Ex: Mark singsfor two hours.

a verb phrase with more than one word is called complex verb phrase

Ex: Dylan can climb over that fence

The order of verbs in a verb phrase:

Model auxiliary verb (can, could, might, may, shall, would, could, ought, might)

pattern: Subject + modal auxiliary + verb

Ex: Ted might eat the cake

Auxiliary verb "to have" (have, has, had)

pattern: Subject + modal auxiliary + "to have" + verb

Ex: I have seen them in the boulevard

Have you seen them?

Auxiliary verb "to be" (am, is, one, was, were, being, been, will be)

pattern: Subject + auxiliary "to be" + verb

Ex: Mila is fixing us some dinner

V vs B

/b/ is voiced consonant. To produce the /b/ sound, press the upper and lower lips together. The vocal cords vibrate as
the sound is produced to release the air.

/v/ is also voiced consonant. To produce/v/, the upper teeth are in contract with the lower tip. Release the breath
between the lip and teeth with friction, the vocal cords vibrate, making a voiced sound.
Auxiliary verb

Spellings:
Spelling Week # 4
1. notorious
2. mawkish
3. obliterate
4. ritzy
5. anthropomorphic
6. melancholia
7. alleviate
8. wreak
9. vociferous
10. glitch
11. vulpine
12. brackish
13. embezzle
14. emblazon
15. perfunctory

Spelling # 5
1. accommodate 10. absenteeism

2. liaison 11. narcissus

3. espora 12. oxymoron

4. consciousness 13. sacrilegious

5. philanthropist 14. atrophy

6. surveillance 15. assiduous

7. pediatrician
8. contemporaneous
9. knack