Faculty of Rehabiliatation & Allied Health Sciences

West ridge Campus, Potohar Tower, Near Nisar Hospital, Lane 5, Peshawar Road, Rawalpindi.
Tel (+92-51) 5166813-14, 5166917-18, 5166973-74 rcrs.research@riphah.edu.pk
Title Approval Form (ANNEX 1)
Student’s name Iqra Abrar, Swera Afzal, Kainat, Maryum
Supervisor’s name Dr. Sarah Ehsan
Program DPT
Department FRAHS
Session Spring 2022

Title of study Awareness of breast cancer

Objective (s) of the - To determine the knowledge/awareness of polycystic ovarian syndrome among
study university going girls.
Methodology Sample size:
Sampling Technique: Convenience sampling
(Design, sample Study Design: Cross-sectional Survey
size, sampling Study Setting: Universities of twin cities
technique, Study Inclusion Criteria:
setting, inclusion - Female university students of age 18 to 25 years with or without PCOS
and exclusion Exclusion Criteria:
criteria and Tool) Female will be excluded if:
- They are unwilling to participate
- Females specializing in gynecology and Obstetrics or those undertaking any
courses related to women health.
Tools:
- A validated questionnaire developed by Farah and Bahia will be used to assess the
knowledge regarding PCOS.
Data collection - The study will be conducted after the approval from the Ethical review board.
procedure Female university students of age 18 to 25 years with or without PCOS will be
selected using convenient sampling technique. Participants will be asked 24
questions to assess their knowledge about the physiology of the female
reproductive system, the pathophysiology of PCOS, its complications, and
management. Knowledge score will be calculated by summing the number of
correct answers. Scores ranged from 0 to 24, with 0–9: inadequate knowledge,
10–17: satisfactory, 18–24: good knowledge.
Ethical Informed consent will be taken prior to data collection. Study will be conducted
considerations after the approval from the ethical review board.
Any specific point
Impact of this Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common metabolic and endocrine
research on society disorder known to affect women of reproductive age. Research suggests that many
women with PCOS tend to search the internet for information rather than consulting
with a healthcare professional due to a possible hesitation to talk about reproductive

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 issues. This condition may lead to a discrepancy in the level of patients’ knowledge-
accuracy, underdiagnosis, and significant disease complications.
Remarks of Accepted Review Rejected
committee
Signature of the Associate Dean PG programs & research:
committee:
Supervisor:
Member of Committee:

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 Knowledge about PCOS: pathophysiology, complications,
and management
Basic knowledge about the physiology of the female reproductive system of participants
1 A follicle is a small fluid-filled sac with a single egg inside and the
follicles are often called cysts
2 Ovulating more frequently will improve my fertility
3 After egg release (ovulation), the hormone progesterone is released;
progesterone would allow my uterine lining to
shed and allow me to have a normal menstrual period
4 Having monthly increases in progesterone, and therefore menstrual
periods would decrease my risk for cancer of the
uterus
5 The amount of fat in the body affects the amount of free testosterone
in my body
6 Insulin helps the ovary to make more male hormone
Participants’ knowledge of the pathophysiology of PCOS
7 Polycystic ovaries contain more visible follicles than the average
ovary
8 Polycystic ovaries tend to ovulate less frequently than the average
ovary
9 Irregular or absence of menstrual (period) cycle is a symptom of
PCOS
10 Polycystic ovaries tend to make more male hormone-like
(testosterone) than the average ovary
11 More free testosterone promotes unwanted hair growth, acne, and
scalp hair loss (alopecia)
12 High insulin levels are common in women with PCOS
13 PCOs diagnosis can be confirmed by ultrasound
14 Specific blood tests can be used for the diagnosis of
Knowledge of complications with PCOS
15 High insulin levels place individuals at risk for diabetes
16 A metabolic syndrome is a group of symptoms that increases my risk
for diabetes and cardiovascular disease
17 Metabolic syndrome is common in women with PCOS
18 PCOS may lead to infertility (inability to have children)
Knowledge of PCOS management
19 Medications that stop the production of male hormone by the ovary
(like hormonal contraception) or block the effects of male hormone
would help with unwanted hair growth, acne, and alopecia
20 Lowering insulin levels may help decrease free testosterone, help
with weight loss and help trigger ovulation
21 Insulin levels can be lowered by exercise and by certain changes in
diet
22 Insulin levels can be lowered by medications that make the body
more sensitive to insulin, like metformin
23 Increasing the amount of muscle in my body will increase my body’s
metabolic rate, that is my body’s ability to burn calories
24 Exercise, healthy dieting, and weight loss can decrease the risk of
having metabolic syndrome

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