5-30

Air enters a nozzle constantly at 300 kPa, 200 °C and 45 m/s, and exits at 100 kPa and 180 m/s.
The inlet area of the nozzle is 110 cm2. Determine a) the mass flow through the nozzle, b) the
outlet air temperature and c) the nozzle outlet area.

a) Mass flow through the nozzle

m1 = m2

V 1 A1 2
V 1=45 m/s A1=110 cm x 1m
2
m1 =
∀1 ¿¿
∀1=?

R aire . T 1
∀1= 3
R aire=0.287 kpa . m /kg.k P1=300 kpa T 1=( 200+273 ) k =473 k
P1
3
0.287 kpa . m /kj . k (473 k )
∀ 1= = 0.4525m 3/kg
300 kpa
m1= 45m/s . 0.011m 2 = 1.0737 kg/s

b) Exhaust air temperature

˙
[
Q - w = m ( h2−h1 ) +
1
( −V 1 2 )+ g ( z 2−z 1 )
2 2
V
2
]
[
0 = m . ( h^2 −h^1 ) +
1
(V 2−V 1 2 )
2 2 ]
1 −1
0 = ( h^2−h^1 ) + ( V 2 −V 1 ) → h^2= ( V 2 −V 1 ) + h^1
2 2 2 2
2 2
2
m 1 kj/kg
h^2 = - ½ ¿ 2 x
s 1000

h^2 = - 15,1875kj/kg + h^1

T(k)
470
h^ (kj/kg)
472.24
T1 = 473k h^1=
[
(482.79−472.24 )
( 480−470 ) ]
( 473−470 )+ 472.24 kj/kg

473 ?
kj
480 482.47 Y1 h^1=475.225
kg
 kj
Y2 h^2 = [ −15,1875+ 475.225 ] = 460.0375kj/kg
kg

h^ (kj/kg)
451.80
460.0375
T(k)
450
?
T2 ¿
[ (460−450)
( 462.02−451.80 ) ]
( 460.0375−451.80 ) + 480 k

462.02 460 T2 = 458.06k → T2 = 185.06℃

c) Nozzle outlet area

V 2 A2 m 2 ∀2
ṁ2 = → A2 =
∀2 V2

ṁ2 = 1.0939kg/s V2 = 180m/s

2
R aire . T 2 0.287 kpa . m . 458.06 k
∀ 2= = kg . k
P2
100 kpa
3
∀2=1.3146 m /kg
3
1.0939 kg/ s . 1.3146 m /kg
A2 = = 0.007789m 2
180 m/s
A2 = 79.89 c m2

5-42

Consider a nozzle into which water vapor enters in a stationary manner at 4 MPa and 400 °C, with
a velocity of 60 m/s and exits at 2 MPa and 300 °C. The inlet area of the nozzle is 50 cm2, and the
nozzle loses heat at the rate of 75 kJ/s. Determine a) the mass flow rate of the water vapor, b) the
velocity of that vapor at the outlet and c) the outlet area of the nozzle.

P1 = 4 MPa V 1 = 0.07343m3/kg

T 1 = 400℃ h1 = 3214.5 kj/kg

P2 = 2 MPa V 2 = 012551m3/kg

T 2 = 300℃ h2 = 3024.2 kj/kg

a)
 1
1
ṁ = V A = 3
(60 m/s) (50 x 10−4 m2 ¿=4.085 kg /s
V 1 1 1 0.07343 m
kg
b)

Ėdentro = Ėfuera

˙ ˙V 2
V 12
m(¿ h1 + )=Qfuera + m(¿ h2+ 2 )¿ ¿
2 2

−Qfuera = ( h 2−h1 ) + (
V 2 2−V 1 2 )
2

-75 kj/s = (4.085 kg/ s ¿ ¿

m
V 2=589.5
s

c)

1 m V 2 ( 4.085 kg/ s)(0.12551 m3 /kg)

ṁ = V 2 A 2 → A 2= = = 8.70 x 10−4 m2
V2 V2 589.5 m/ s