Introduction of the ICT (Information and ICT tools are tools that has an input, output and we

Communication Technology) must be able to process with it.

Learning Objectives

1. Define ICT

2. Uses of ICT

3. Impacts in the society

4. Discuss History of Philippine ICT

What is an ICT? (Information & Communication

Technology)
Information

- It refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, Usage of ICT

investigation, study or research.
- E-commerce - Industry
-The tools to transmit information are the telephone,
- Banking - Education
television, and radio.

-Information is knowledge and helps us to fulfill our

daily tasks. Difference of System with ICT
-For example, forecasting the stock exchange market. Education
Communication Computerized: more interesting and interactive
experiences
-It is an act of transmitting messages.
Non-computerized: learning session depend on
-It is a process whereby information is exchange
teachers and textbook
between individuals using symbols, signs or verbal
interactions. Banking

Computerized: all transaction can be done via

online by computer
ICT Definition: Technology required for information
possessing in particular, the use of electronic, Non-computerized: banking was done manually.
communication devices and software applications to
Industry
convert, store process transmit, protect and retrieve
information from anywhere, anytime. Computerized: industry become popular and
profitable as production can be increased
through all operation
Tools for ICT
Non-computerized: production was slow as it
Skype Laptop Computer depending on human labour

Cellphone Dropbox Radio & TV E-Commerce

YouTube Printer Internet Computerized: e-commerce includes

distribution and servicing products that are
done electronically

Non-computerized: trading was made using the

barter system and it was then later developed
into currency
Impacts of ICT
1) faster communication speed

2) lower communication cost

3) boarderless communication

4) reliable made of communication

5) effective in sharing information

6) paperless environment

Disadvantages of ICT
- Cause of Social Problems

- Cause of Health Problems

 Hardware
Hardware Basics
Connecting Peripherals
What makes Hardware Ticks
- Software Programs (including operating systems,
application programs, and device drivers) control the
hardware and make it useful, and within the device itself,
firmware provides basic functionality.
- Operating Systems use small programs called device
drivers to communicate with installed hardware devices.
Devices drivers are software that allows your computer
to communicate with and control the devices connected
to it.
- Firmware is built-in programmable logic (software)
that is embedded in a piece of hardware and controls
how the device functions. Firmware is device-specific: it
is developed for one particular model and release of a
device. (ex: Android version 5.1.1 (Lollipop) w/
firmware G920VVRU48OK7).
- Software apps (and mobile apps) run on a hardware
device within an environment created by the operating
system.
About the Numbers
-All the measurement revolves around the binary digit or
bit.
-A bit is the smallest unit of data a computer can
understand. A bit can have one of two values: a 0 or a 1.
Bits are grouped in sequence of 0s and 1s represent data.
-A group of eight bits called a byte.
-Storage capacity (that is, the amount of space available
to store data either on disk or in memory) is measured in
bytes.
-The microprocessor is a silicon chip that performs
calculations and logical operations in the computer. The
microprocessor is also referred to as the Central
Processing Unit (CPU) or simply as the processor.
-Different CPUs process information and instructions at
different speeds, and processor speed is measure in units
called hertz.
-One hertz is equal to 1 cycle (or oscillation) per second.
-Network connections (for example, those in a cellular
network or in an IP network such as the internet) move
data from one location to another at a particular volume
per unit of time.
-The measurement of this volume is called bandwidth,
and it is expressed in bits per second (bps)
The Basics- What’s Inside?
System Board/ Mother Board- this is a printed circuit
board that contains most of the computer’s circuitry and
provides pathways for communicating among all the
components and connected devices.
“Gigabytes Aorus intel Z370 Gaming 5 motherboard”.
Processor- the silicon chips that control the hardware
components and manage the flow of data and
instructions
Input Devices- these allow you to send information to
the computer. Examples include a keyboard,
touchscreen.
Output Devices- these allow the computer to send
information to you. Examples include a monitor, or a
display screen. (Printer, headset, radio, tv or monitor)
Storage devices- these include memory chips and other
storage media. (usb, cd, ud card)
Power Supply- converts AC current from a wall outlet
into low-voltage DC power for the components in
portable devices, the DC power is stored in a
rechargeable battery.
Memory and Storage
In order to run programs and create and use files, a
computer needs both memory and storage space. Every
file used by a computer has a specific byte size, and
there must be sufficient memory to ‘hold’ the file when
it is in use, and sufficient storage space to store the file
when it is not in use.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
For a computer to process information, it must include a
certain amount of installed system memory. This type of
memory is also called Random Access Memory
(RAM).
RAM is used for the temporary storage of information.
Data and programs and read into memory from a storage
location and then passed from memory to the CPU.
Without RAM, a computer could not run programs or be
used to create or edit files.
How much RAM Do You Need?
All software (including operating systems) requires
RAM
Notepad (less than 1MB of memory)
Adobe Photoshop (minimum of 2GB, although 8GB is
recommended)
AuthoCAD 2016 requires a minimum of 4GB (8GB is
recommended).
Rule of thumb is, the more RAM, the better.
Storage
A computer loads software programs into RAM while
you are working; however, the software programs must
be stored on the computer when they are not in use.
Additionally, any files that you create using a software
program must also be stored if you want to be able to
retrieve them in the future.
Common Storage Devices
Commonly-used storage devices include hard disks,
external drives, flash drives and memory cards.
Hard Disk (HDDs)
Some computers use magnetic hard disk drives (HDDs),
which include moving parts. A magnetic hard drive
stores data on platters, which are metal or plastic disks
that are coated with magnetic material. A motor spins
the platters around a spindle, while read/write heads
(small recording/playback devices) hover close to the
surface of the platters and read or write data to the
magnetic coating.
Hard Disk (SSDs)
Solid state drives (SSDs), which do not have any moving
parts. A solid state drive stores data on a set of
interconnected flash memory chips that save the data
even when the power is off.
External Drives
External drives are hard drives contained in a case and
attached to a computer with a cord as a peripheral
device. External drives provide extra storage capacity for
user documents, pictures, video, etc. You do not,
however, install software on external drives.
Flash Drives
Flash drives (also called jump drives or thumb drives)
are portable mass storage devices that use flash memory
1
chips. Flash drives are small (averaging between 2 "
2
3 1
(60mm) and 2 " (70mm) long and around " (16mm)
4 2
3
to ” (20mm) wide), weigh less than 1
4
oz. (28g) and can store gigabytes of information. They
are durable and reliable because they do not contain
moving parts and can last for several years.
Secure Digital Cards (SD cards)
SD cards are small, high-capacity flash memory storage
devices. You use an SD card in the same way you would
use a flash drive – insert it into the designated slot on
your device. A card reader/writer is integrated into the
device that uses the SD card. You can write (store) data
on the card, and then retrieve (read) it. You can also pop
the card out of one device and insert it into a reader on
another device for the purpose of transferring files from
one device to another. SD cards are popular storage
devices for digital cameras, camcorders, cell phones,
tablets, MP3 players, and GPS systems.
Optical Discs and Drives
Optical disc drives are designed to read Compact Discs
(CDs) and Digital Versatile/Video Discs (DVDs). The
drive spins the disc and a laser reads the data stored on
the disc.
A CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory) or
DVD-ROM drive is similar to a player in an audio/video
entertainment system. The information is written (or
burned) onto the surface and retrieved with a laser beam
and you can only read the data.
Identifying Types of Computers
Servers
• In contrast to the other types of computers (desktops,
laptops, tablets, and smart phones) which are used for
personal computing, servers are used to support other
computers for business purposes.
• A server is a computer that provides files or services to
other systems on a network. For example, a server may
provide email services, or host a web site, or store
databases or documents for everyone in a school or
business, or provide telecommunications or transaction
services.
• A server runs an operating system designed specifically
for use on a server. Examples of common server
operating systems include Windows Server 2012, Mac
OS X Server, or Linux Server.
Common Configurations
Three basic designs or “Form Factors”
Tower Server - look like desktop PCs. These were the
original model and they require individual monitors,
keyboards, network cards and cabling. Usually found in
small businesses where perhaps only one or two servers
are required.
Rack Server - designed to be installed into a framework
called a rack, which contains multiple slots into which
servers can be inserted. The server is secured into the
rack system using mounting screws. The rack system
enables you to stack multiple servers vertically.
Blade Server - are stripped down servers designed to
minimize power consumption and to take up very little
physical space. This type of server must be inserted into
a blade enclosure which can hold multiple blade servers,
and which provides electrical power, cooling, and
networking connections.
Desktop Computers
Desktop computers are designed to sit on or beneath a
desk. They are fairly large, although many are available
in compact configurations so that they require less space.
Macintosh PCs - produced by Apple. These machines
feature a sleek design in which the monitor and
processing unit are housed within the same case. Only
Apple produces the Mac. Macs are designed to run the
Mac OS X operating system.
PCs - produced originally by IBM, and later produced by
several manufacturers. Traditionally, in a desktop PC,
the processing unit is housed within a case, and an
external monitor, keyboard, and mouse are attached with
cables. The fully assembled combination is sometimes
referred to as a work station.
Laptop (or Notebook) Computers
Laptop (or notebook) computers are designed to be
portable. They are small and light enough to sit on your
lap. They are also selfcontained; everything you need
(display, keyboard, camera, speakers, pointing device) is
included in one unit.
Chromebooks
A Chromebook is a specialized laptop designed
primarily to run cloud based applications instead of
programs that are installed on the hard drive. Instead of
running the Windows or Mac OS X operating system,
these portables run the Chrome OS operating system,
which is easy on system resources and streamlined for
accessing the Internet. They can be set up in minutes and
will boot up in two to three seconds (much faster than
Windows or Mac operating systems).
Tablets
A tablet is a portable computer small enough to hold in
your hands. The computer circuitry, a battery, and a flat
touch screen display are all rolled into a single hand-held
device. Tablets come with a microphone, speakers, and
sensors that let the tablet “sense” which direction is up.
Two types of operating systems are used in tablets –
desktop-based and mobile-based.
 • Tablets that run a desktop-based operating system
are thicker and heavier than the other type. They require
more cooling and they have a shorter battery life.
• Tablets that run a mobile-based operating system are
lighter, run cooler, and offer much longer battery life.
However, these tablets run only mobile apps. (Mobile-
based operating systems are also used on smart phones.)
2-in-1s
Tablets have become so popular that many laptops now
offer tablet-style features. These 2 in 1 "convertible"
devices are laptops with special touch-screen displays
that you can fold all the way back (360 degrees) so that
you can use the laptop like a tablet.
Such devices offer the power, comfort, and document-
editing capability of a laptop with the high-definition,
high-speed streaming, touch screen capabilities of a
tablet.
Smart Phones
Smartphones are hand-held devices that combine the
features of a standard cell phone with those of a personal
computer. You can use them to make calls, send text
messages, download music or electronic books from the
web, take pictures or video, check your email, browse
the Internet, access cloud storage, open and edit
documents, use GPS navigation, make mobile payments
and watch movies – all in the palm of your hand.
Keyboard, Mice, and Touch Screens
Keyboards
The keyboard is the primary tool for sending
information to the computer. You use it to enter data or
to run commands in an application. Keyboards can by
physical or virtual. In computing, a virtual device is one
that does not physically exist, but is made to appear and
act as if it exists by software.
Connections
Keyboards are connected to desktop systems using a
USB connection. This connection can be wired or
wireless. Although a keyboard is integrated into laptops,
you can also connect a separate keyboard via USB. You
can also purchase Bluetooth keyboards which connect to
a system using Bluetooth technology. Most laptops,
tablets and smart phones support Bluetooth. Some
tablets include special connections that allow you to use
them with detachable physical keyboards designed
specifically for the tablet. In some models, the keyboard
is part of a tablet case that doubles as a stand so that you
can set up the tablet as a viewing screen to work on a
document or to watch streaming media.
Pointing Device
A pointing device enables you to select or activate items
on the screen by placing the pointer arrow on the item
and performing the required action; for example, you can
click to select a file or click and drag to select text.
Pointing devices come in many forms but the traditional
pointing device is a mouse.
Mouse
A mouse moves the pointer around on the monitor.
Sliding or dragging the mouse across a flat surface such
as a desk or a mouse pad causes the mouse pointer on
the screen to mirror the movement. The traditional
mouse used a ball that rotated to initiate this movement
as you moved the mouse device on the desk. Newer
mouse models use an optical light or diode technology to
move the pointer on the screen. A trackball has a ball on
the side where your thumb rests; you rotate the ball to
move the pointer.
Touch Pad
A touchpad device enables you to use your finger to
move the mouse pointer around on the screen. This is
common on a laptop, although these devices can be
purchased separately for use with a desktop computer. A
touchpad has two buttons that work in the same manner
as the left and right buttons on a mouse.

Stylus
A stylus is an input device that looks similar to a pen and
can be used instead of your finger to select or activate an
item on a touch screen. Press that s stylus lightly on the
option on the screen you want to select or activate. For
example, on a smart phone or tablet you may use the
stylus to “dial” the digits of a phone number, start an
application, or write text. Depending on the system and
Windows includes three customizable built-in power
the programs available for that device, you can also use
plans:
the stylus to draw shapes or diagrams.
Balanced – provides full performance when you need it
Pointing devices of this type are typically designed in a and saves power during periods of inactivity.
pen format but also available in various design and can Power saver – saves power by reducing screen
also be referred to as a digital writer.
brightness and system performance. You might use this
plan to get the most from a single battery charge.
Touch Screens
A touch screen is a display device that allows you to High performance – this plan maximizes screen
brightness and may increase system performance. This
interact with a computing device by touching areas on
plan uses a lot more energy than the other plans.
the screen. Tablets and smart phones rely on touch
screens for receiving user input. These devices present
virtual keyboards and dial pads to the user, and the user
"types" by tapping the appropriate on-screen keys.
Some laptops feature touch screen displays, and you
can also purchase standalone monitors with touch
screen functionality

Power Plans To choose what the power buttons do or what happens

Working with Power Plan Settings
A Windows power plan is a collection of hardware and
system settings that manage how your computer uses
power. Power plans will automatically adjust the screen
brightness, turn off the display, or put the computer to
sleep after a specified amount of time. Advanced settings
in a power plan may also turn off the wireless
networking card or hard disk after a certain period of
inactivity.
when you close the lid of the laptop, click the Choose
what the power buttons do or Choose what closing the
lid does option from the panel at the left of the main
Power Options window. Options set here determine what
happens with the power for Standby/Sleep, Hibernation,
or Shut Down mode

Connecting Peripherals
Peripheral devices are connected to a computer system
by a cable or by using wireless technology.
Cables are attached to the devices at one end, and the
"free" end is terminated in a specialized connector
designed to attach to the system unit through a special
socket called a port. Most computer systems include (at
least some of) the following ports:
Video ports – these allow you to connect monitors,
projectors, and even televisions to the computer for the
purpose of displaying output.
Network ports – these allow your computer to connect
to various networks.
Audio ports – deliver sound from the sound card to
external speakers or headphones. These ports are
sometimes called jacks.
Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports – these allow you to
attach a wide variety of devices (printers, scanners,
cameras, flash drives, keyboards, mouse devices, and so
on) to the computer. Because USB ports also deliver
electrical power, they can be used to power peripheral
devices or to re-charge the batteries of connected
devices.
Video Ports and Connectors - Video ports allow you to
connect a monitor, projector, or television to a computer
in order to display video output. Most desktop systems
include at least two video ports. High performance
systems and gaming systems often include more.
• Video Graphics Adapter (VGA) - is an analog
interface between a PC and monitor that was widely
used prior to DVI, HDMI and DisplayPort.
•Digital Video Interface (DVI) - is a video connection
standard created by the Digital Display Working Group
(DDWG).
•High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) - is a
proprietary audio/video interface for transmitting
uncompressed video data and compressed or
uncompressed digital audio data from an HDMI-
compliant source device (display controller, computer
monitor, video projector, digital television, digital audio)
Monitors – The monitor is an output device that enables
you to view information the computer displays. Monitors
come in a wide variety of sizes, resolutions, and types;
the larger the screen, the larger the image will be on the
screen and the more expensive the monitor will be.
Resolution, or the monitor's ability to display images, is
a measurement based on particular mathematical levels
of sharpness and clarity, and is also a factor in the price.
Some monitors include touch screen technology
Connecting a Second Display Device - Physically
connecting a second display device to a laptop or
desktop system is a simple matter of connecting the
correct video cable. You can then configure the
appropriate settings for how you want to use the
additional display. In Windows 10, you can use the
Settings app or the Control Panel.
If you click Identify, Windows will display a number “1”
on the first display, and a number “2” on the second
one so that you know precisely which display each
number refers to. Scroll further down to access the
Multiple displays drop-down list.
The choice include:
• Duplicate these displays – this option sends the same
output to monitor 1 and monitor 2.
• Extend these displays – this option allows you to show
different output on each monitor. For example, you can
look at your email on monitor 1, and work on a
spreadsheet on monitor 2. Or you can display a large
spreadsheet across both monitors.
• Show only on 1 - this option shows output only on the
monitor designated as number 1. Monitor 2 goes blank.
• Show only on 2 – this option shows output only on the
monitor designated as number 2. Monitor 1 goes blank.

Network Port and Connetors

A network port on a computer allows you to connect to
a local area network (LAN) using a network cable. The
port (technically an RJ-45 jack) is known by several
names, including: Ethernet port, network port, and LAN
port. An Ethernet port (which looks like an over-sized
telephone jack) and an Ethernet cable
The USB standard has been in use for several years, with
versions 2.0 and 3.0 in widespread use today, and
version 3.1 (Generation 1 and 2) breaking onto the
scene.
USB Version 2.0 can transfer data at a top speed of
480Mbps. The usual color coding for USB 2.0 ports and
connectors is black or white.

USB Version 3.0 (called SuperSpeed USB) has a

A network port allows you to connect to a wired
network using a network cable (also called an Ethernet
cable). You connect one end of the cable into the port
on your computer, and the other end into a LAN port in
a wall jack or into a LAN port on a networking device
such as a network switch or network router.
Audio Portal and Connectors
A typical sound card for a desktop system includes
3.5mm audio ports called "jacks” for various types of
audio devices and game adapters (joysticks). Audio jacks
may be marked with an icon, or are identified by color
coding:
• Pink - Microphone
• Light blue – Line In (for example, a tape player or CD
player)
• Lime green - Line Out (speakers or headphones)
USB Ports and Connectors
Universal Serial Bus (USB) connections make it possible
to connect a wide array of peripheral devices to a
computer. USB is used for mass storage (such as in flash
drives), and for connecting human interface devices
(such as mice, keyboards, joysticks, tablets, etc.).
Because it also delivers power, it is used as a charging
standard for devices with re-chargeable batteries. The
following figure shows two USB 3.0 ports.
theoretical top speed of 5Gbps (although this speed is
seldom realized in real-world use). Version 3.1
Generation 1 is almost identical to USB 3.0, except that
it supports new connectors. The usual color coding for
USB 3.0 ports and connectors is blue
USB Version 3.1 Generation 2 promises speeds of up to
10Gbps. The usual color coding for USB 3.1 ports and
connectors is teal blue
Software
Managing Software
Working with Windows Apps
Why Use Software?
-Software programs enable us to produce:
• documents and charts; solve complex equations;
• calculate rocket trajectory;
• make online purchases;
• edit digital movies;
• decode the human genome; and others
• Additionally, light-weight apps can keep us on
schedule, remind us of appointment, or help us find our
way to location when construction crews block our
familiar path.
Locally-Installed vs. Cloud-Based Software
-Locally-installed software is installed on a device and
runs directly on that device. These programs are
designed to work with specific operating systems and
with hardware that meets certain minimum requirements.
-Cloud-based software runs on a dedicated server (not
on your computer) and is designed to be accessed over
the Internet.
Obtaining Software
• Today, you have many options for obtaining and
installing software. You can:
• purchase a packaged version at a retail store and
install using removable media
• purchase a license online (usually with a credit card),
and then download and install the program
• lease software on a subscription basis
• download and install apps from an app store
Platform Considerations
Locally-installed programs are generally released in
platform-specific versions.
"System requirements identify the type of hardware
(and operating system version) required to successfully
run a program. All software, whether operating system
software or application program software, is designed
to work with hardware that can be expected to function
at a specific speed and capacity.
Managing Software Program
Installing a New Program
• traditional methods for installation is installing from
optical media.
• Another “tried-and-true" method is to purchase
software over the Internet, and then download and run
the installation program. A more modern method for
installing software is to stream the installation files from
a server.
User Account Control (UAC)
• The User Account Control (UAC) is a feature in
Windows that issues notices (called elevation prompts)
when a program is about to make a change that
requires administrator-level permissions. For example,
if you are logged in with an administrator account, the
UAC displays the following prompt when you install a
program.
Repairing Software
•The Microscoft Office suite includes a repair utility
that you can access through the Programs Features page
in the Control Page.
You can specify:
Quick Repair- this runs faster but only detects and then
replaces corrupted files.
Online Repair- does an uninstall and complete reinstall
but takes longer.
Reinstalling a Program
•Sometimes, a program may not work correctly (or at
all) after installation, or it may work for a while and then
stop working. If a repair is not available for the
application, you can try uninstalling and the reinstalling
the program.
Updating Software
When you register your copy (license) of a software
program, you become entitled to receive notification
about updates or upgrades as they become available.
• You may receive a CD or other media that you can use
to install
• You may receive an email with a link to the web site
where you can download the update to your system.
Configuring Software
Most application software allows you to adjust the
working environment to suit your working style and
preferences.
•Customizing Toolbars- Within the applications of the
Microscoft Office suite, a Quick Access toolbar and
series of ribbon tabs display across the top of the
application window. The following figure shows the top
of the Microsoft OneNote application Window.
•Specifying Program Default- default setting is a
preselected option used by a computer program when
no alternative is specified by the user. Default settings
within the application programs control (among other
things) items such file save locations, print settings, the
color of the application window, or the typeface of the Signing out of the Store
font. •If you are using a shared computer, you should sign
Working with Window Apps out of the Windows store. To do so, click the Sign in
An app store is a digital platform for distributing icon, then click your account at the top of the menu too
software. Just like full-featured application programs, open the Account window. In the Account windows,
apps are written for specific operating systems such as click your account name to make the Sign out kink
iOS, Mac OS X, Windows, or Android. For this reason, visible. Click Sign out.
different platforms utilize different apps stores.
Messaging Applications
• Windows 10 comes with built-in apps including
Text messages (or "texts") are short strings of text sent
OneNote, Mail, Groove Music, Movies & TV, Photos,
over a cellular provider's network using a protocol
Camera, Games, People, Maps, Calendar, Money, and
called Short Message Service (SMS). As the name of the
Alarms, but you can get more at the Windows Store.
protocol implies, the number of characters allowed per
Click the (Store) icon in the taskbar to open the Store
message is limited (about 100 to 200 characters per
app and browse the store. If you want to download and
message, depending on the service provider). The
install apps, you will need to sign in with a Microsoft
original SMS protocol allowed for a maximum of 160
account.
characters. You can send a text message to one person
What is a Microsoft Account?
or to many people. The figure shows five text messages
•An ID composed of an email address and password.
that form a conversation.
You use a Microsoft account to log in to Microsot web
sites and services, such as Hotmail, Xbox Live,
Non-SMS Messaging Apps
Outlook,com and OneDrive.
There are many messaging apps today that bypass your
Finding an App in the Store
cellular carrier's SMS and MMS service, and use Wi-Fi or
• Windows Store is your gateway to apps, games,
mobile data instead. Exchanges between users who
music, and TV and movies. Top picks or feature items
have the same app installed are free. These include:
are presented on the first page; and you can click or tap
• WhatsApp - a cross-platform messaging that can send
options that allow you to browse by category. The
individual and group text, photo, and voice/video
following figure shows some of the categories for apps.
messages using mobile data or Wi-Fi. Messages to any
Downloading and Installing an Apps
other WhatsApp user are free.
•When you find an app that you are interested in, click
• Viber – supports different OS that allows you to send,
or tap it to open its detail page. The detail page lists
receive, and manage messages and calls on your
(among other things) ratings and reviews, the price of
computer as well as on your mobile device for free.
the app (if any) and similar apps.
• Facebook Messenger – allows you to connect with any
Deleting an App
other Facebook user (there are over one billion active
•Apps can be easily removed from your PC. Click Start.
Facebook users) for free, bypassing traditional SMS and
All apps, then right-click the app in the Start menu and
MMS channels.
click Uninstall. Confirm that you want to uninstall and
Windows remove the app.
Chat
Recovering a Delated App
• Many social networking sites (such as Facebook or
•If you accidentally delete an app, or if you delete it on
Google+) include built-in "chat" or "messenger"
purpose and then change your mind, you can recover
features, and accordingly, most instant messaging
the app without having to pay for it again and without
clients allow you to connect to and exchange messages
having to download it again.
with the people you know on social networks.
•Sign into the Window Store, if necessary and search
• Instant messaging and chat clients are associated with
for the app you deleted. When you click its detail page,
online services, such as a web-based email account
the app will display the message: You own this product
(such as a Gmail or Outlook.com account). This
and you can install it on this device. The Install button
association allows you to log into your email account
will also in the app, allowing you to install it once again.
and launch the web-based chat feature from within
your mailbox.
Using Gmail Chat
•Gmail includes built-in chat features that you can use,
and chat sessions take place on the Google Hangouts
platform.

Instant Messaging
•It is a type of electronic communication allows two or
more participants to “converse” with one another in
real time by typing messages in the window of an
instant messaging program. Instant messaging
programs such as Skype, ICQ, or Yahoo! Messenger
enable people to chat with each other, regardless of
where they are located.
Using Skype
•Skype comes in both business and consumer versions.
Skype for Business lets you add up to 250 people to an
online meeting and is integrated into Microsoft Office
apps, allowing you to schedule online meeting from
Outlook.

Using Google Meet

•Google Meet is a video-communication service
developed by Google. It is one of two apps that
constitute the replacement for Google Hangouts, the
other being Google Chat. Google planned to begin
retiring Google Hangouts in October 2019.
Adding Contacts
•To send instant message in Skype, you need to add
people to your Contact list.

•In the menu bar in the Skype window, click Contacts,

point to Add Contact, then click Search Skype Directory
to open the Search field. Enter the Skype name (or
email address or mobile number) of the person you
want to add then click the Search Skype button. The
result display below the Search field.
Network and Mobile Devices
Basic Network Technology
Wired and Wireless Connection
What is a Network?
There are networks all around us – transportation
networks, cellular networks, data networks, cable
television networks, and the telephone network. At its
very simplest definition, a network is a system for
moving objects or information.
In computing, a network is simply an arrangement of
computers (and additional computing devices) that are
connected in such a way that they can communicate
and share information. Individual networks can also be
connected to other networks, and this practice is
referred to as internetworking.
A network can consist of two or three computers in a
single room, while an internetwork can consist of
millions of computers connected across the globe.
•Infrastrcuture is the basic underlying physical when they arrive at their destination, they are re-
structure or framework needed for the operation of a assembled into their original form.
service or an enterprise. In the case of networking,
infrastructure is the hardware that supports high-speed
• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol or
communication and data transfer.
TCP/IP- is a networking protocol that controls the
Why Network? process of breaking data down into packets, sending it
across the network, and re-assembling it when it
Networks are in wide use today because they are
reaches its destination. All major operating systems
practical and useful. They enable users to share many
(Windows, Mac OS X, Linux and UNIX) use TCP/IP as
things, including:
their networking protocol. TCP/IP is the international
Files – for example, Betty can create and store a file on
standard protocol for both local and wide area
her computer, and her fellow network user Barney can
networking, and it is the networking protocol used on
open and work with Betty's file without having to obtain
the Internet.
a copy of the file.
Resources - printers and scanners are commonly shared LANs and WANS
on a network. An entire office can share one or two • Local area network (LAN) is a private, local set-up.
printers, eliminating the need to purchase and attach a Your home network, or a small office or school network
printer to each computer. is a LAN. LANs are private networks. LANs come in
Internet connections - networks within a home or office different sizes, but are generally confined to one
allow several users to share an Internet connection. geographic location.
• Wide area networks (WANs) are networks that
Internet Connection Sharing connect computers in multiple locations using
• Stream audio and video to various devices. communication lines owned by a public carrier (such as
• Share stored media (such as audio files, or the phone company or an Internet Service Provider).
photographs) among your devices.
• Share and backup files (including documents, pictures,
IP Address
scans, and so on.)
In order for the computers connected to a network to
• Play games online.
communicate with one another, each computer
requires a unique address. This address is called an
• Downloading is the process of copying a file (any type
Internet Protocol (IP) address. Each computer on the
of file) from a server on the Internet to your device.
local network (and each computer on the Internet) has
When you download a file, you can access it (play it) any
an IP address that distinguishes it from all other
time you like, even when you do not have an Internet
computers on the network.
connection.
• Streaming is the process of having a file delivered to
A typical LAN IP address looks like this: 192.168.1.104
your device in a constant and steady stream. Streaming
is like listening to a song on the radio - you can listen to
On the Internet, each web site has its own IP address
it as soon as the stream starts (no waiting). Streaming
which is associated with an easy to remember text
requires an Internet connection.
address called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator). For
example, the URL www.yahoo.com is associated with
Basic Technology
the IP address 98.138.252.30.
Home networks, school networks, business networks,
and even the Internet are data networks. They
transport data from one location (computing device) to
another. This data is prepared for transport through a
process called packetization – that is, the data is broken
down into multiple pieces called packets. These
individual packets are sent across the network, and
IPv4 and IPv6
IPv4 addresses are written in decimal form as a series of
four decimal numbers, separated by periods. The LAN IP
address shown previously is an IPv4 address.
IPv6 addresses are written in hexadecimal form as a
series of 8 hexadecimal numbers separated by colons. A
typical IPv6 address looks like this:
805B:2D9D:DC28:0000:0000:FC57:04C8:1FFF

Since 2011, all major operating systems for personal

computers and servers include built-in support for IPv6.
Cellular providers use IPv6 addresses in all their 4G networks,
which means that all cell phones (and other computing
devices) with 4G capability, operate using IPv6 addressing
(with optional support for IPv4).

Finding Your IP Address

Run Command Prompt (window + r) then type “cmd”

then enter.

Then type “ipconfig/all”

Addition view IP address from Window Network and

Sharing Center. (Right-click Start, control panel, the click
View network status.

Obtaining Internet Service

Accessing the Internet from your school or office is easy

because the Internet service is already running, and you
can access it either through Ethernet or Wi-Fi. However,
at some point, someone at your school or office had to
decide which service to purchase, and then arrange to
have it set up. Service Providers If you want to access
the Internet from within your home, you must obtain
Internet service from an Internet Service Provider (ISP).
An ISP is a company that provides Internet connections
to the public for a fee. Typical service providers include:
• phone companies • cable TV companies • satellite TV
companies