Introduction Assignment Part 1 & 2: Summarized

Question 1

a) Define a computer.

- A computer is an electronic device used to process data, convert data to information that is
useful to people.

Input data –> Process data –> Output results –> Stores results.

b) Where can you find computers?

- Computers are everywhere (home, office, companies, faculty and pharmacy…….etc.)

c) Who is the user of computer?

- Person who communicates with a computer or uses the information it generates.

d) What does a Computer do (the main operation)?

- Computer receives the data and convert it into information after some operations (is the
process operation).

Question 2: Explain the information processing cycle.

1. The user gives the computer the data (input)

2. The computer converts data into information (process)
3. The computer output the results on a device (output).
4. The computer stores the results on a hard-disk or DVD disk (storage).
5. The user and computer will be communicated to keep the cycle stable (communications)

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Question 3: mention the two main components of the computer.
- Hardware: Electronics and mechanical parts.
- Software: Instructions that tell hardware parts how to work.

Question 4: What are common computer hardware components?

- Input Devices.
- Processing Unit.
- Output Devices.
-
Question 5: What is an input device?
- Hardware used to enter data and instructions.
Like mouse, keyboard, microphone, scanners, …etc.

Question 6: What is an output device?

- Hardware that transfer information to a user.
Like monitors, speakers and printers, ….etc.

Question 7: What is the system unit? (Chassis/Case)

- Chassis/Case: Box-like containing all electronic components connected to the
motherboard.

Question: What are the two main components on the motherboard?

1. CPU / Processor: Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do.
2. Memory: Temporary holding place for data and instructions.

Question 10: Compare between a floppy-disk, and hard-disk.

1. floppy-disk:
- Thin, circular, enclosed in rigid plastic in the shape of square.
- Flexible and can be moved as we want.
- Low storage capacity.
2. Hard disk:
- Provides greater storage capacity than a floppy disk.
- Not flexible and cannot be moved a lot so it doesn’t get damaged.

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Question 11: Explain the statement” Computer So Powerful”

- Computer So Powerful because:

1. They have and can:
- Reliability.
- Speed.
- Accuracy.
- Storage.
- Communicate.

Question 12: Explain the classification of soft-ware.

1. Main software: Operating Systems, must setup on computer, give the ability for the
computer to work. (Like Windows and Linux).
2. Application software: software that do a specific task. (Like office).

Question 13: Explain the theory of operation for a certain device (from your selected) of
input devices.
All the input devices send data from/over a wire or Wi-Fi connector

- Mouse: Pointing device, Enables the user to execute commands by controlling a

pointer/cursor on the screen.
As you move the mouse, the data it sends to the computer is the X and Y axis
movements. (The signal goes through a wire or Wi-Fi connector).

- Keyboard: An input device that has keys allows us to type, when a key is pushed, a
signal is sent to the computer telling it to input that key. (The signal goes through a
wire or Wi-Fi connector).

Question 14: Explain the theory of operation for a certain device (from your selected) of
output

- Monitors: Receives the data/information from the motherboard through a wire and
display it on the screen for the user.

- Speakers: Receives the data/information from the motherboard through a wire and
output it as an audio the user can listen to.

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Question 14: Explain the process required to run a program from a CD-ROM.
- Step 1: Insert the CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive.
- Step 2: Open the CD-ROM from its icon in My Computer.
- Step 3: Run The Program.

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 Assignment 2: Summarized
Q1:

A) Define a network?

 Network is a collection of computers and devices connected together via

communications devices and transmission media.

B) What are the reasons to network?

 Saves money and time by sharing resources like:-

 Data and files.

 Programs or software.

 Hardware like printers and faxes …etc.

Q2: Compare between the local area network and wide area network?

 Local area network: Network limited to geographical area (such as home, school,
office building …etc).

 Wide area network: Network covers large geographic area (Such as Internet which is
the world’s largest WAN).

Q3: Compare between the Main-Frame and Micro-Computer?

Main-Frame PC

Very powerful computer, often Large hard-disk combined

connected to many PCs over a with a large working memory
Capacity
network. (RAM).

Speed Mush faster than PC. Fast Normally (GHz).

Cost Very Expensive. Getting cheaper by the day.

Typical users Large Companies. Home users, office user…etc.

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Q4: Explain the components of the CPU?

 CPU has two components that work together to perform processing operations:-

 Control unit: Directs and coordinate most of the operations on the computer.

 Arithmetic Logic unit (ALU): Perform arithmetic and logic operations.

Q5: Explain the machine cycle in processing the instruction?

 For every instruction a processer repeats four basic operations:-

 Fetching data from memory.

 Decoding instructions into commands.

 Executing commands.

 Storing result in memory.

Q6: How is the CPU’s speed measured?

 Measured by how many cycle per second the CPU can perform.

 Giga-Hertz (1 GHz= Million cycle per second).

Q7: Mention the information system elements?

 Hardware.

 Software.

 Data.

 People.

 Procedures.

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Q8: Compare between the static and dynamics RAM?

 Dynamic: Chips must be re-energized constantly or they’ll lose their contents.

 Static: Faster than dynamic chips, does not need to be re-energized, but more
expensive.

Q9: Mention the three basic categories of items that Memory stored them?

1) The operating system and other system software.

2) Application programs (such as word).

3) The data being processed by application programs and resulting information.

Q10: Explain the role of Cache memory?

 Cache memory speeds processors by storing frequently used instructions and data.

Q11: Explain the serial port?

 Serial Port is a type of interface that connects devices that doesn’t require fast data
transmission to the system unit (Such as modem, keyboard).

 Data is being transmitting one bit at a time.

Q12: Explain the parallel port?

 Parallel port is an interface that was developed as an alternative to the slower speed
of serial ports.

 Transmitting more than one bit at a time.

 Connects printers to the system unit.

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Q13: Explain the universal serial port (USB)?

 USB port can connect up to 127 different peripherals together with a single
connector.

 Connect devices such as mouse, printer, digital camera…etc.

 PCs typically have 6 to 8 USB ports.

Q14: mention the various speeds for different USB categories?

 USB 3.1 -(10 Gbps) 1,250 MB/s

 USB 3.0 -(Super Speed) 625 MB/s

 USB 2.0 -(High Speed) 60 MB/s

 USB 1.0 -(Full Speed) 1 MB/s

 USB 1.0 -(Low Speed) 0.1 MB/s

Q15: Compare between USB and FireWire cables?

USB Cables FireWire Cables

Number of Devices 127 63

Types USB 1.0 - 2.0 - 3.0 - 3.1 400 and 800

The main difference that FireWire is made to handle more data than USB, particularly audio
and visual information. Used in devices such as digital cameras, printers, and scanners.

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Q16: How to Purchase a personal Computer (PC)?

1) Determine the specific operations you want to do on the computer.

2) Know the system requirements of the operating system.

3) Look for bundled software.

4) Avoid buying the least powerful computer available.

5) Consider upgrades you might do later.

6) Be aware of hiding costs.

7) Consider purchasing an extended warranty.

Q17: What are computer communications?

 Process in which one computer transfers data, instructions, and information to

another computer.

Q18: What is needed for successful communications?

 Sending device. (Initiates transmission of instructions)

 Communications device. (Connects the sending and receiving devices to a Channel)

 Communications channel. (On which the data travels)

 Receiving device. (Accepts the transmission of data)

Q19: What is a sending and receiving device?

 Devices that Initiates or accepts transmission of data Such as:-

 Computers.

 Mobiles.

 Tablets.

 Printers

 Scanners.

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Q20: What is the primary function of a communications device?

 Convert digital signals to analog signals or analog signals to digital signals.

Q21: What is a network topology?

 Configurations or physical arrangement of devices in a network.

 Networks usually use combinations of 3 topologies (Bus, Ring, Star).

Q22: What is a bus network?

 Consists of a single central cable, to which all computers and other devices connect.

 Bus is physical cable or backbone.

 Advantages: Cheap and easy to install.

 Dis-advantages: Break in bus disables the entire network.

Q23: What is a ring network?

 Cable forms closed ring (loop), with all computers and devices connected to it.

 Data travels in one direction from device to another around the ring.

 Advantages: Cheap.

 Dis-advantages: More expensive than bus, difficult to configure, more devices

slow the transmission, and lacks central control.

Q24: What is a star network?

 All devices connect to a central computer, called a hub.

 All data transferred from one computer to another passes through the hub.

 Advantages: Efficient.

 Dis-advantages: Expensive and If the hub fails the entire network fail.

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Q25: Write program in C++ to calculate the sum of ANY three numbers?

#include <iostream.h>
int main ()
{
int num1, num2, num3, sum;
cout<<”Enter the first number:”;
cin>> num1;
cout<<”Enter the second number:”;
cin>> num2;
cout<<”Enter the third number:”;
cin>> num3;
sum= num1+ num2+ num3;
cou<<”The sum is:”<<sum;
return0;
}

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Q25: Write program in C++ to calculate the sum of ANY three numbers?

#include <iostream.h>
int main ()
{
int x, y, x;
cout<<”Enter the first number:”;
cin>> x;
cout<<”Enter the second number:”;
cin>> y;
cout<<”Enter the third number:”;
cin>> z;
if (x>y && x>z)
{
cout<<”Max num is:”<<x;
}
Else if (y>x && y>z)
{
cout<<”Max num is:”<<y;
}
Else if (z>x && z>y)
{
cout<<”Max num is:”<<z;
}

Return0;
}

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