MTI Faculty of Engineering - Fluid Mechanics: MENG211 – ID: 92099

MTI University

Faculty of Engineering

Fluid Mechanics
Lab1 Report: Hele-Shaw
Code: MENG211
Name: Mohamed Ahmed Abbas Hassan
ID: 92099
Supervised by
Eng. Shereen Aly

1|P ag e
 MTI Faculty of Engineering - Fluid Mechanics: MENG211 – ID: 92099

Fluid Flow
 Flow definition: Flow is defined as the quantity of fluid (Liquid or gas) passing through any
particular section per unit time.

 Types of Fluid Flow

(1) Steady Flow:
The steady flow is defined as the type of flow
in which the fluid characteristics like velocity,
density, pressure, etc at a point do not change
with the time.. (Now = Future).

[Fig.1: Steady Flow]

(2) Laminar Flow:
Defined as the type of flow in which the fluid
particles move along well-defined paths or
streamline and all the streamlines are straight and
parallel.
[Fig.2: Laminar fluid flow]
(3) Turbulent Flow:
Defined as the type of flow in which the fluid
particles move in a zig-zag way, the eddies
formation takes place which is responsible for high
energy loss.
[Fig.3: Turbulent fluid flow]

(4) Transient Flow:

a fluid dynamics condition where the velocity and pressure of a fluid flow change
over time due to changes in system status. These changes may be caused by the
starting or stopping of a pump, opening or closing of valves, or fluctuations in supply
pressure from reservoirs or tanks.

2|P ag e
 MTI Faculty of Engineering - Fluid Mechanics: MENG211 – ID: 92099

Streamlines
 Streamlines: a path traced out by massless particle
moving with the flow.

Notes:

• Velocity is tangent to the stream line at every point.

• Mass does not cross the streamlines.

[Fig.4: Streamlines]

 Compression: the action of compressing or

being compressed, occur when the streamlines
contact with each others around the point/shape.
(‫)انضغاط الخطوط علي بعض‬

 Expansion: the action of becoming larger or

more extensive, occur when the streamlines [Fig.4: Streamlines Disk Shape]
separate from each others around the
point/shape. (‫)بُعد الخطوط عن بعض‬

[Fig.5: Streamlines - Ship Shape

Same direction as flow]

[Fig.6: Streamlines -Ship Shape

Opposite direction as flow]
3|P ag e
 MTI Faculty of Engineering - Fluid Mechanics: MENG211 – ID: 92099

Thrust and Drag Forces

 Thrust Force: is the force generated by a solid object
moving through a fluid. Thrust force is always
produced in the direction of motion.

 Drag Force: the force that acts opposite to the

direction of motion. Drag is caused by friction and
differences in air pressure.

[Fig.7: Thrust and Drag Forces]

 The Drag Coefficient: is a number that

aerodynamicists use to model all of the
complex dependencies of shape, inclination,
and flow conditions on aircraft drag.

[Fig.8: The Drag equation]

[Fig.9: The Drag Coefficient]

4|P ag e