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THE PLANET EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM:

Fill in the blanks:
a) The vast limitless space which includes all celestial body is called........
b) The distance between celestial bodies is measured in a unit called........
c) .........always indicates the north direction.
d) All the planets of our solar system revolve around the sun in their fixed path called...........
e) ...........is the third nearest planet to the sun.
Match the following
a) Great bear nebula
b) Head of solar system Mars
c) A giant cloud of gases and dust sun
d) Shape of the earth constellation
e) Red planet Spherical
Answer the following question in brief:
a) What are celestial bodies?
b) Why do stars look very small in the sky?
c) What is saptarishi mandal?
d) Name the planets which are gaseous bodies.
e) Which planet is the closest to Neptune?
f) What is full form of IAU?

Answer the following question :

a) Describe the formation of solar system.
b) State three features which make the Earth is a unique planet.
c) Mention three main characteristics of a satellite.
d) Give a brief description on the phases of moon with the help of a diagram.
e) Write a short note on the others little bodies (asteroid meteroid and comet) in the solar system.

Define: stars, solar system, light year, galaxy, asteroid belt.

REPRESENTATION OF THE EARTH:

Fill in the blanks:
a) A ......... represents the three dimensional view of the earth.
b) The technique or skill of making maps is called.....
c) .........is drawing of small area drawn from one's observation and memory without direction.
d) A...........is a device consisting of magnetic needle, which always point towards north.
e) ......... areas are shown by using white colours on maps.

Read the statement given below and write appropriate come for each.
a) The most perfect approximation of the earth.
b) The layout of a building, a factory or a playground.
c) Expert of map making.
d) Map showing distribution of rainfall , population etc
e) A collection of maps of the world, continents and selected countries in a bound form.

Answer the following questions in brief.

a) What are the limitation of a globe?
b) Mention the advantages of map.
c) What is thematic map? Give examples.
d) Name the cardinal points along with intermediate directions.
e) How do conventional symbols help in reading maps.
Answer the following questions:
a) Why is a globe considered a perfect representation of the earth? Give any three reasons.
b) What is scale? Why is it an important component of a map?
c) Distinguish between a physical map and political map.
d) Highlight the significance of a common colour scheme in the maps. Give example to support your answer.
e) Describe the history of map making.

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LOCATING PLACE ON EARTH
Define terms: Northern hemisphere ,equator, Southern hemisphere, lines of latitude, eastern hemisphere ,Western
hemisphere, standard meridian.

Fill in the blanks:

a) The Earth rotates from......to........
b) All the places on the same meridian will have the.......local time.
c) The distance between the two lines of latitude is always...........
d) The......... are the imaginary line that connect the North and South poles.
e) Each degree of longitude corresponds to a time difference of.......... minutes.

Match the following:

a) 2 equal division of Earth- 23° 30N
b) Latitudes are measured in. -Mirzapur
c) Tropic of Cancer- Hemispheres
d) British royal observatory - Degrees
e) The place through which standard meridian of India passes - Greenwich

Answer the following question in brief:

a) Which two basic points on the earth servers as the reference points.
b) Mention the latitudinal location of the heat zones of the earth.
c) Why does the torrid zone have the maximum temperature?
d) What is the significance of Greenwich mean time?
e) Why is this standard meridian selected by the country a multiple of 7.5 degree?
Answer the following questions:
a) State three main characteristics of parallels of latitudes.
b) Why do we use standard time? Explain with an example from India.
c) Which heat zone is most suitable for us to live and why?
d) Why is the time difference between each meridian of longitude 4 minute ?explain.
e) Differentiate between equator and prime meridian.

THE MOTION OF THE EARTH:

Fill in the blanks:
a) The Earth revolves around the sun in a fixed path called as.........
b) The angles of inclination of the earth's axis is..........with its orbital plane.
c) Two motions of the earth are......and..........
d) Time period immediate before sunrise is called.......
e) Time period immediate after sunset is called.......
f) The earth complete one revolution around the sun in............days and ....... hours.

Match the following:

The duration of the day and night is equal in the both hemisphere on Southern hemisphere
The Arctic circle has 6 month long days in on 21st june and 22nd December respectively
The topic of Capricorn is located in summer solstice
The rays of the sun are vertical on tropic of cancer and tropic of Capricorn Vernal equinox
Spring Equinox is also called 23rd September and 21st March.

Answer the following question in brief:

a) What is rotation? How much time does earth take in completing one rotation?
b) What is mean by the revolution of the Earth?
c) What is a leap year?
d) What is an Equinox? Which season are the indicated by it in both of the hemisphere?
e) Why does the duration of day and night change in a year?

Answer the following questions:

a) Why are days and nights equal on 21st March at all places on the earth? Explain.
b) Explain with the help of a diagram, why seasons are reversed between Northern and Southern hemisphere.
c) Why does the month of February have 29 days, after every 4 years? Explain.
d) How do day and night occurs on the earth? Explain with the help of diagram

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OUR COMMUNITY LIFE: UNITY IN DIVERSITY.

Fill in the blanks:

a) Servant families living close to one another form a...........
b) Community life promotes a feeling of.......
c) Depending on one another is called.........
d) Education makes us a good........
e) India is mainly a land of........
Give one word answer to the following:
a) Name the first school of a child.
b) Name the harvest festival of Tamilnadu.
c) What makes the fulfillment of our needs possible.
d) What forces the villagers to migrate to town and cities?
e) Which factor has diluted the impact of India's economic progress?
Answer the following question in brief.
a) What values does our family inculcate in us?
b) How does school help us in our development?
c) How did economic interdependence begin in a community?
d) List any four essential services commonly required by rural as well as urban communities.
e) Name the main factors responsible for green revolution in India.
Answer the following questions:
a) How did the commity life begin?
b) How does the cultural exchange help in community development?
c) Distinguish between the rural and urban communities.
d) Highlight the factors that make the city life in india very difficult.
e) State the provisions given in indian constitution which aim at bringing equality.

DEMOCRACY AND GOVERNMENT:

Fill in the blanks:
a) Our country is..........governed by the people through their representatives.
b) A democratic government is a government.......the people, ..........the people and........the people.
c) Wins elected representative governance the country on behalf of the people it is called...........
d) There is no place for..........and...,.....in democracy
e) Democracy pays the way and prepares the citizen to...........the disputes.
Match the following:
a) India right to cast vote
b) Goal of democracy live and let live
c) Universal adult franchises government at National level
d) Union government well being of each individual
e) positive attitude democratic government
Answer the following question in brief:
a) What is the most positive attitude in conflicting situation?
b) Mention and outcome of conflicting situation.
c) Who organises supervise and control activities around us?
d) What is the outcome of tolerance and self discipline?
e) Give examples of any two electrical of the people at various level of government.
Answer the following questions:
a) State 3 points on the right which form basis of democratic government.
b) Whose view should be accepted when so many people are involved in taking decision and why?
c) Why did India opt for representative democracy? explain.
d) Mention any three advantages of a democratic setup
e) How do people called their own rights and freedom granted to them by constitution? Explain.
STUDYING THE PAST:
Fill in the blanks:
a) ........are remains of palaces and Forts.
b) Jain literature was written in........ language.
c) The study of inscription is called........
d) Historians divide history into two parts, namely.............and.......
e) ............ literature consist of prose, plays, poetry etc.

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Answer the following question in brief:
a) How does the study of monuments help the historians?
b) The study of history help us to make the present world a better place to live in. How?
c) How do skeletal studies help us to identify gender differences?
d) What are the literary sources of Indian history?
e) Explain historical literature with an example.
Answer the following questions:
a) Distinguish between archaeological and literary sources.
b) How do the archaeological source materials help us to learn about our past?
c) What is more important in history-events person places or dates? Give reasons to justify your answer.
d) How do secular literary sources through light on the life of the people in any period of history?
e) How does the study of coins help the historians?

LIFE OF EARLY MAN:

Fill in the blanks:
a) The greatest achievement of man during paleolithic age was.......
b) Pelaeo means.......and lithic means.........
c) In India, the remains of mesolithic men have been found in the regions of..........and. ..... .....
d) ..............was the first metal discovered by man.
e) .........man believed in life after death.
Answer the following question and brief:
a) Mention the sources that enable us to understand the history of early man.
b) List the three phases of stone age.
c) How did early man obtain his food?
d) State any two uses of fire in the old stone age.
e) What is meant by chalocolitic period?
Answer the following:
a) Describe any four major changes that took place in human life during mesolithic age.
b) What were the beliefs of Neolithic man about life?
c) How did the invention of wheel help in the development of human civilisation?
d) Distinguish between Paleolithic and Neolithic age with respect to tools, occupations and invention.
e) How were the tools of Paleolithic man different from that of mesolithic age?
Number the following sentences in the order in which they occurred in the life of early man:
a) He invented fire.
b) he started weaving his cloth.
c) he covered his body with the skin of animals.
d) metal age started after the stone age.
e) He invented the wheel.
f) He made pots.
g) He move toward water sources.
h) He started using bones and horn as tools.

DEVELOPMENT OF CIVILISATION:
FILL IN THE BLANK
a) .............of human society lead to foundation of civilisation.
b) The great bath had well planned........... system.
c) The people of Indus valley were expert in making............and...........
d) ..............are the main source of information about the religious belief of Indus people.
e) ...........was the male God worshipped by the Indus people.
State true or false for the following statement:
a) The city is were well-planned in Harappan culture.
b) The citadel was considered the central part of the city.
c) Pottery was not a popular industry in Harappan culture.
d) People of Indus valley worshipped the neem tree.
e) Mohenjo Daro was rebuilt 9 times at the same site..
Answer the following question in brief:
a) What did the thick forests provide to the people of Indus valley?
b) List the occupations of the Indus valley people.
c) What type of climate did the Indus valley have?

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d) How was the dress of the main of Indus valley different from that of the women?
e) Why did early civilization developed on the river banks?
Answer the following questions:
a) List any three features of the Indus valley civilisation which tell us that it was an urban civilisation.
b) What reason were responsible for the decline of Harappan culture?
c) Explain the town planning system of the Indus people.
d) Which two things helped the people of Indus valley to have bumper harvest and how?
e) Bring out the similarities and differences between the feature of Indus valley civilisation and the Egyptian
civilisation.
IRON AGE CIVILISATION:
Fill in the blanks:
a) The word veda means.......
b) As a part of the barter system........was used as standard of value.
c) The early Vedic period is also known as............. period.
d) In the letter Vedic period varna system become..........
e) During sanyas aashram, a man lived a life to complete........
Match the following:
a) Epic age commander of army
b) Sudra head of the family
c) Senani God of thunder
d) Grihpati later Vedic period
e) Indra labourers.
Answer the following question brief:
a) What were the main invention of greek civilizations.
b) Name the Gods that were worshipped by Romans.
c) Name the four Vedas.
d) Give any two examples to prove that Vedic civilisation was quite advanced.
e) Mention the main occupation of the people of Iranian civilisation.
Answer the following question:
a) What was the political condition of the country under Aryans?
b) What was the condition of women in the early Vedic period.
c) Explain the varan system. What change did it undergo during later Vedic period?
d) List the achievement of the Aryan in the field of science and mathematics.
e) List the occupations of the Aryans.

JANPAD AND MAHAJANPAD:

Fill in the blanks:
a) ........were the kingdom where the kings were not hereditary.
b) King....... Never tolerated any inefficient official.
c) The capital of sakyas was........
d) The people of Magadh raised ........crops in a year.
e) The head of artisan's association was known as......
Write true or false for the following statement:
a) The varan system was based on birth.
b) Vaishya were called sangrahits.
c) Gramin helped the king in the central administration.
d) Magadh had a fluorishing long distance trade.
e) There was no assembly in the republic.
Answer the following question in brief:
a) What were mahajanapada? Name any four of them.
b) What was the status of Magadh under the nandas.
c) What made the people drift away from brahminism?
d) Mention any two achievement of ajatshatru.
e) What was a guild? What was its main purpose?
Answer the following questions:
a) How did Magdaha emerge as the most powerful mahajanapada explain?
b) Highlight any four features of the Ganasanghas or Republic that existed in 600-100 BCE.
c) Explain the administrative system of Magadh ruler.
d) What was the socio economic condition of the people under the Magadh rulers?

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e) Describe the Varan system. How did it start? What is its present position in India today?

THE MAURYAN DYNASTY

Fill in the blanks:
a) Alexander was the son of king.........of.........
b) Chandragupt Maurya invaded Magadh with the help of ............
c) During Ashoka rules............. was the main base of village economy.
d) The city administration during the mauryan period was under ..........
e) The Chinese traveller...........was astonished to see the Mauryan palace.
Match the following:
a) Barabar textile centre
b) Odisha Rock edict.
c) Madurai stupa.
d) Sasarama caves
e) Sanchi Kalinga.
Answer the following question in brief.
a) Who was seleucus nicator?
b) List the main sources of information about Maurya dynasty.
c) Which lake was built by Chandragupta Maurya and why?
d) Name the languages in which ashoka's teaching were engraved.
e) What advice was given by Ashoka to his son and grandsons?
Answer the following questions:
a) Describe the finest example of the architecture of the Mauryan period.
b) Explain the main features of ashoka's Dhamma related to social and ethical code of conduct.
c) What did Ashoka do for the welfare of his people?
d) Describe briefly, the social and economic life of the people during the mauryan period.
e) How did the Kalinga war prove to be a turning point in the life of Ashoka?

EARLY HISTORY OF DECCAN IN SOUTH INDIA:

Fill in the blanks
a) Deccan region is to the south of ..........mountain and......... river.
b) King......... was the founder of satvahanas Empire.
c) The megalithic people surrounded the grave with large pieces of stone called...........
d) Canal for irrigation were built by............
e) Nedunjernal and senguttavan were the rulers of........dynasty.
Match the following:
a) Deccan first iron user
b) God Murugan temple
c) Megalithic people monastery
d) Chaity Dakashinpatha
e) Vihara Kartikeya.
Answer the following question in brief.
a) Name the region where megalithic culture was concentrated.
b) Who was the most important king of the Pandya dynasty?
c) Who took over the satvahanas empire in Maharashtra and Andhra region?
d) The Rock cut chaity hall at karle is located at which present city of India?
e) According to some archaeologist, what is the origin of the megalithic people.
Answer the following questions'
a) Describe the main feature of satvahan Empire of Deccan.
b) Name three great empires of South India. What are the main sources of information about them?
c) Highlight the main features of the poetry of the megalithic period.
d) What was the extent of chola Empire? How did they settle themselves?
e) List the five geographical zone of Southern Kingdom.

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