MASTER IN RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY PROJECTS

CASE STUDY: SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY

Presented by
PAULA ANDREA LANCHEROS TORRES

Presented to the tutor

JUAN HERNANDEZ

CEUPE
EUROPEAN POSTGRADUATE CENTER
SOLAR ENERGY AREA
2019
Exercise 1

We want to design an autonomous photovoltaic installation, at 48 V DC , for the electrical supply of a

home, in alternating current. The panels are located with a south orientation and a 34º inclination
which, although not optimal for an autonomous installation on the peninsula, allows for easy
placement on the roof of said home. The following monthly average data of daily radiation incident
on the work surface is available. They are expressed in kWh/m2 day:

Gdm (Wh/m2dia)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1 Gdm
(Wh/
0 m2dia)
L E E E E
ERO ERO RZO BRI AYO NIO ULIO STO BR BR BR BR
N
E EB MR A A M JU J O M TU M M
F AG PTIE OC VIE ICIE
SE NO D

The electrical demand that will be supplied is determined from the following table of equipment
and hours of use. Constant consumption is assumed throughout the year:

Daily
Power Continuous consumpti
Guy No units Power (WDC) Hours/day
(Wac) power (WDC) on
(Wh/day)
Luminaires 18 10 180 200 3 540
Luminaires 2 2 4 4 8 32
TV 50 1 50 56 2 100
Radio 20 1 20 22 3 60
PC 80 1 80 89 2 160
Microwave 600 1 600 667 0,25 150
Fridge 100 1 100 111 400
TOTAL 870 17 1034 1148,89 1442
Note. An inverter efficiency of 0.9 is estimated. The basic technical characteristics of the panels,
nominal 24 V, are:

1. Estimate the daily energy demanded, Ldm and the maximum power, both continuous.

 L dm (DC)= 1442/0.9= 1602.22Wh/d ia

 P max,INV, (DC)= 1148.89 W DC

2. What is the design period of the facility? What are the design's starting radiation and
consumption values?

 Period of the year = December

1000W
 Gdm = 3.73 kWh/m2day = =3730 W h/m2 dia
1kW
1 kW
 Ldm= 1602.22 Wh/day = =1. 602 kW h /dia
1000W

3. Determine the nominal power of the photovoltaic generator and its series x parallel
configuration, assuming a safety factor FSG = 1.3.

Ldm∗FSG
P nom, g=
 Gdm ()
Istc ( )
1602Wh /dia∗1.3
P nom, g= =558.33 W

(
3730 Wh /m2 dia
1000W /m2 )
Vnom , g 48
 N series¿ = =2
Vnon, panel 24
 Pnom , g 558.33
 Parallel N¿ = =1 .86≈ 2
Nserie∗Pnom , panel 2∗150
 P NOM,G =N SERIES *N PARALLEL *N NOM,PANEL
P NOM,G =2*2*150= 600Wp

4. Determine the useful and nominal capacity of the accumulator to be installed, in Ah, for
four days of autonomy and a maximum discharge depth of 80%.

 C useful (Wh) = L dm * N aut

 Useful C (Wh) = 1602Wh/day*4 days= 6408 Wh

Cutil Wh 6408 Wh
 Useful (Ah) = = =133.5 Ah
Vnom 48V
C B ,util ( Ah) 133.5 Ah
 C B,NOM (Ah)= = =16 6.87 Ah
PD max 0.8
 N 2V glasses = 24 2V glasses

5. Determine the maximum direct current if all the equipment were operating at the same
time.
 DC Consumption Line (Controller – furthest consumer equipment)
❑
∑
❑
Pconsumo , Dc
1149 Wdc TO
I Max , C= = =23.93
Vnom 48 V

Exercise 2

It is requested to size a photovoltaic installation to supply the electrical supply of a fishermen's

refuge located in the Serranía de Cuenca that is open from March to October.

The panels will be installed on the roof with an inclination of 30º and an azimuth of 20º.

Calculate the number of panels needed, the capacity of the accumulators, the type and am
regulator setting and inverter power to satisfy 100% all year round (dimen sion for the worst of the
months) of electricity needs according to the following estimate of daily consumption:

Monocrystalline panels of 200 Wp power, 12 v and 8 amps will be used and the sis item will work at
12v.

The accumulators will be lead-acid batteries with a depth of discharge of 60%. To calculate the
performance, the Kb, Ka, Kc and Kv values mentioned in the module for a pure sine wave inverter
will be used.

-Kb s battery loss coefficient, 0.05.

-Ka daily self-discharge, 0.005.
-Kc converter performance, 0.2.
-Kv various losses, 0.15.
-N number of days autonomy, 4.
-Pd discharge depth, 0.6.

Four days of autonomy will be considered when sizing the accumulation system. lation.
There will be no connection to the main electricity network, so it will be considered an installation
isolated photovoltaic installation.

To carry out the exercise it is necessary to find the solar radiation of the location where the
photovoltaic installation would be carried out with a slope of 30 o and an azimuth of 20 o . This says
that it will be carried out in the Serranía of the basin, where it has a latitude and longitude of 40°
14′ 43.44″ N and 1° 59′ 26.84″ W, respectively. In the following link (
https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvg_tools/en/tools.html#PVP ) we find the irradiance data for this
location and for the year 2016, since the page does not leave for a more recent year (possibly these
data have changed, since solar radiation has changed a lot in recent years):
 MONTH HD Em HD Hmm Sdm
January 2,96 91,7 3,42 106 19,2
February 3,62 105 4,17 121 20,1
March 4,61 143 5,48 170 17,9
April 4,97 149 6,10 183 6,03
May 5,26 163 6,58 204 8,76
June 5,20 156 6,73 202 6,46
July 5,39 167 7,10 220 4,26
August 5,35 166 6,77 210 7,13
September 4,80 144 6,10 183 6,78
October 4,00 124 4,94 153 10,4
November 2,83 84,9 3,37 101 12,6
December 2,91 90,2 3,42 106 5,39
TOTAL 51,90 1583,8 64,18 1959 125,01

Ed: Average daily electricity production from the given system [kWh].
Em: Average monthly electricity production from the given system [kWh].
Hd: Average daily sum of global irradiation per square meter received by the modules of the given system [kWh/m²].
Hm: Average monthly sum of global irradiation per square meter received by the modules of the given system [kWh/m²].
SDm: Standard deviation of the monthly electricity production due to year-to-year variation [kWh].

First, the calculation of the energy consumption is carried out with respect to the parameters,
power and hours of consumption and the necessary energy is calculated with respect to the
simultaneity factor and the energy consumption. It is shown in the following table:

Consum Energy Necessar

Power Pot. Instant ption Simultaneity consump y energy
Items Units
(W) Max hours/da factor (%) tion (Wh/day
y (Wh/day) )
Led light 10 20 200 5 60% 1000 600
Emergency
1 80 80 1 100% 80 80
team
Small
1 500 500 3 100% 1500 1500
Appliances
Charger 2 15 30 1 100% 30 30
TOTAL 14 615 810 10 2610 2210

 Period of the year: November (3.37 kWh/m 3 day)

 Daily consumption is: E= 2210 Wh/day
 Performance is calculated with the following equation:
KaxN
 η=(1−Kb−Kc−Kv)(1−( ))
Pd
 η=( 1−0.05−0.2−0.15 ) 1−
0.6 ( (
0.005 x 4
=0.58 ≈ 58 % ))
 The actual daily consumption is: L dm = 2210/0.58 = 3810.34 Wh/day
 The nominal power and the series and parallel configuration, with the factor of 1.4:

Ldm∗FSG
P nom, g=
 Gdm ()
GCEM ( )
3810.34 Wh /dia∗1. 4
 P nom, g= =1583.93 W
3.37 kWh /m 3 dia

Vnom , g 12
 N series¿ = =1
Vnon, panel 12
Pnom , g 1583.93 W
 Parallel N¿ = =7.91 ≈ 8 panels
Nserie∗Pnom , panel 1∗200
 P NOM,G =N SERIES *N PARALLEL *N NOM,PANEL
P NOM,G =1*8*200=1 600Wp

 Accumulation capacity:
L dm∗N aut 3810.37∗4
 C B,NOM (Ah)= = =2116.87 Ah
Vnom∗PD max 12∗0.6
 charge controller
 I Controller,G ≥ 1.25 N parallel I ScPanel = 1.25x8x8A = 80A. They can be 4 of 20A.
 Maximum power is: 810 W
 Taking into account the performance, the maximum power is: Pin inverter:
810/0.58=1396.55W
 Investor
 I inverter ≥ 1.25 I Max,C,ac = 1.25*(1396.55/12V)=145.47A