Political Self
Guide Questions:
1. Why is it easy for some people to convince
others to follow them?
2. Why is it easy for some people to get
convinced?
3. Would a person’s trait and values impact
his political self?
Normative influence – based on
conforming to positive expectations of
others; helps avoid punishment.
Informational influence – based on
accepting the information obtained from
others as evidence of reality.
 Leadership is the process by which
certain group members motivate and
guide the group.
 If we believe that certain people are
“born leaders” because of their
personal traits, needs, or orientation,
then leaders could be selected
partially on the basis of their
achievements.
 If we believe that leadership consists
of specific skills or behaviors, then
theoretically, we should be able to
train any person to become an
outstanding leader.
 If we believe that good leadership is
the result of an interaction between
certain types of behaviors and
particular characteristics, then we
might choose certain types of people
to be leaders at any given time, or we
might teach leaders how to adapt
their behavior to meet the situation.
 Certain types of people will become
leaders and certain types will not.
 People high in openness,
conscientiousness, extraversion, and
low in neuroticism are more likely to
emerge as leaders.
 High self-monitors (people who adapt
their behavior to the social situation)
emerge as leaders more often than
low self-monitors.
 More intelligent people are more likely
to emerge as leaders than are less
intelligent people.
Theories of Leadership (Psychological
Needs)
David McClelland believed that we have
three psychological needs:
 Need for power (nPow)
 Need for affiliation (nAff)
 Need for achievement (nAch)
Theories of Leadership (Three Leadership
Motivation Patterns)
© Chan and Drasgow, 2001
1. Affective identity motivation – the
motivation to lead as a result of a desire to
be in charge and lead others.
2. Non calculative motivation – those who
seek leadership positions because they will
result in personal gain.
3. Social – normative motivation – the
desire to lead out of a sense of duty or
responsibility.
Theories of Leadership (Types of Leaders
According to Path- Goal Theory)
1. Instrumental – leaders who plan and
organizes for their subordinates.
2. Supportive – leaders who show concern to
their subordinates.
3. Participative – leaders who allow
subordinates to participate in decision
making.
4. Achievement – oriented – sets challenges
and rewards achievement.
Theories of Leadership (McGregor: Task
Orientation vs. Person Orientation)
 Person-Oriented Leaders (Theory Y
Leaders): leaders high in
consideration act in warm and
supportive manner and show concern
for their members; believed that
members are intrinsically motivated;
seek responsibility and are self-
controlled and do not necessarily
dislike work; tend to appreciate
humor.
 Task-Oriented Leaders (Theory X
Leaders): leaders high in initiating
structure define and structure their
own rules and those of their members
 to attain the group’s formal goals; see
members as lazy, extrinsically
motivated, wanting security,
undisciplined and shirking
responsibility; tend to produce
humor.
Theories of Leadership (Managerial Grid)
 Country Club Leaders = high PO;
lowTO
 Team Leaders = high PO &TO
 Impoverished Leaders = low PO & TO
 Task-centered Leaders = low PO;
highTO
 Middle-of-the-road Leaders = neutral

Rethinking Filipino Values from the

Perspective of Sikolohiyang Pilipino
The colonial influence
1. Do you know why Filipinos do not like to
sit in front or near the stage during events?
2. Do you know the difference between
afritada, mechado, menudo and caldereta?

What do you think about the following:

 Filipino time
 Crab Mentality
 Colonial Mentality

Rethinking Filipino Values

 Hiya is not the same with “shame” or
“guilt” but rather it is a sense of
propriety.
 Bahala na is not fatalism but it is
risk-thinking and determination.
 Utang na loob is not a debt or a
burden; it is gratitude and solidarity.