SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT REPORT

ON

CONSUMER PREFERENCES TOWARDS

SERVICES PROVIDED BY OAIT INDIA IN
ALIGARH CITY
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF TWO
YEARS FULL TIME MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
By
Priyanka Raj Modanwal
Roll no. :1705270035
Batch of 2017-19
Under the guidance of
Dr. Durgawati kushwaha
Faculty MBA department

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Constituent Institute of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical
University,
U.P., Lucknow)
1
2
 CERTIFICATE FROM INSTITUTION
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
SITAPUR ROAD LUCKNOW-21
(an autonomous constituent institute of AKTU)

This is to certify that Ms. Priyanka Raj Modanwal roll no. 1705270035 of MBA third
semester (2017-2019) batch has completed his summer training project report on the
topic consumer preferences towards services provided by OAIT India in Aligarh city in
partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of Master Of Business Administration.

Date: Dr. Prabjot Kaur

Head MBA department
IET Lucknow

3
 CERTIFICATE BY MENTOR

This is to certify that Ms. PRIYANKA RAJ MODANWAL, 2nd year student of

Master Of Business Administration at Institute of Engineering and Technology,

Sitapur road, Lucknow has completed the summer training project report entitled

“CONSUMER PREFERENCES TOWARDS SERVICES PROVIDED BY OAIT

INDIA IN ALIGARH CITY” in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the

award of the degree of Master Of Business Administration (MBA)

FACULTY GUIDE

Dr. DURGAWATI

KUSHWAHA

4
 DECLARATION

I do hereby declare that the summer training report titled “CONSUMER

PREFERENCES TOWARDS SERVICES PROVIDED BY OAIT INDIA IN

ALIGARH CITY” submitted by me in partial fulfillment of the requirement of Master

of Business Administration, exclusively prepared and conceptualized by me and is

submitted to any other Institution or University or published anywhere before for the

reward of any Degree/Diploma/Certificate. It is the Original work of mine and has not

been obtained from any other part.

PRIYANKA RAJ MODANWAL

ROLL:-1705270035

MBA – III Sem.

5
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Every work constitutes great deal of assistance and guidance from the people concerned

and this particular project is of no exception.

A project of the nature is surely a result of tremendous support, guidance, encouragement

and help.

Wish to place on record my sincere gratitude to my project guide Mr. CHANDRA

PRAKASH. I thank him for constructive help and encouragement throughout the project.

Without his support and guidance taking this would not have been possible.

Also, wish to acknowledge enthusiastic encouragement and support extended to me by

my family members.

I’m also thankful to my friends who provided me their constant support and assistance.

PRIYANKA RAJ MODANWAL

ROLL:-1705270035

MBA – III Sem.

6
 PREFACE

In this training I have studied “Analyzing Consumer preferences towards services

provided by OAIT India in Aligarh city.’’ The importance of education has increased

greatly in present time. Educating in this period of unemployment is the best way to get

employment. Keeping this in mind marketers considered education as a big market for

business whose customer has accepted the students. Every corner of the country there is

an institution or coaching institute in which the students come in large quantities to get

admission. These coaching institutes have all kinds of courses that can help a person get

employment. A student is a customer who needs only knowledge that can fulfill all these

needs. Today’s customer needs and wants are he got good job and to be respected by

society. During my training in OAIT, I observe the environment and nature of students to

see that which course they preferred at the time of admission. I had to see that the only

reasons why people are preferred to be the quality or its fee are also. After observing I

found that both the reasons are affected the decision of consumers quality as well as fees.

In my organization there are variety of courses are available like computer science and

Fashion designing and programming but students mostly prefer JAVA and DCA courses

that provide more value in less fees. So modern consumer are good user of internet with

the help of this they can easily compare ate fees and also take the knowledge of different

courses so it is not easy for organization to change their decisions because they are

predetermined.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

S.R. Chapter Page No.

1 CERTIFICATES 2-4

2 DECLARATION 5

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 6

4 PREFACE 7

5 INTRODUCTION OF THE TOPIC 9-23

6 COMPANY PROFILE 24-40

7 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 40

8 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 41-56

9 DATA COLLECTION 57-64

10 DATA INTERPRETETION AND ANALYSIS 65-75

11 FINDINGS 76-77

12 SCOPE AND CONCLUSION 78-81

13 RECOMMENDATIONS & SUGGESTION 82-83

14 LIMITATIONS 84-85

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY 86-87

16 ANNEXURE: QUESTIONNAIRE 88-90

8
INTRODUCTION OF THE TOPIC

9
Consumer Preference Introduction

Consumer preference is defined as the subjective tastes of individual consumers,

measured by their satisfaction with those items after they’ve purchased them. This

satisfaction is often referred to as utility. Consumer value can be determined by how

consumer utility compares between different items.

Consumer preferences can be measured by their satisfaction with a specific item,

compared to the opportunity cost of that item since whenever you buy one item, you

forfeit the opportunity to buy a competing item.

The preferences of individual consumers are not contained within the field of economics.

These preferences are dictated by personal taste, culture, education and many other

factors such as social pressure from friends and neighbors. For example, someone who

prefers to own a specific brand of a smartphone because her friends all have the same

brand.

While individual consumers may not give much thought to why they prefer one product

over another, for businesses and marketers who make a living based on consumer

demand, it is pretty much a science. In addition to a product's price and its availability,

knowing consumer preferences can predict how likely a product is to sell and how much

it can be sold for. Preferences vary from one product to another and the components of

those products can each affect preference.

10
People often prefer some aspects of a product, but not others. When comparing sofas, the

color, fabric and size of the sofas can each have an impact on consumer preference, as

well as the number of extra cushions they have. Not all of these aspects carry the same

weight. When comparing two restaurants, for example, you may prefer the food and the

ambiance of one over the other, but having a rude waiter at one restaurant may cause you

to prefer the other restaurant overall.

While consumer preference is an indicator of consumer demand, it’s important to note

that consumer choices are not always determined by preference alone. Choices are often

limited by a consumer’s income or budget, compared to the cost of the item, which is

why so few people drive luxury cars or fly first-class.

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Why Is Consumer Preference Important?

Because consumer preference determines what products people will buy within their

budget, understanding consumer preference will give you an indication of consumer

demand. This information will help to ensure that you have enough products to meet

demand and will help you determine the price for your product.

If, for example, your company makes dresses, knowing what women prefer in a dress

will help you determine which colors and fabrics will sell better than others, as well as

whether shorter hemlines will sell better than longer hemlines. If your products are

comparable to more expensive brands, you may be able to sell them at a higher profit. On

the other hand, if your competitors offer similar dresses for less money that also

preferable to yours, you may need to reduce production, change the design or reduce your

profit to ensure you aren't left with too much inventory at the end of the season.

As the preference for one product over another increase, one product may outsell the

other even if the price is much higher. However, when the preference is negligible, then

price and availability become the determining factors over which one will sell better.

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Consumer Preference Examples

When it comes to consumer products, change is always a constant. Before smartphones

arrived on the market, for example, most people preferred small cellphones that they

could put in their pockets over larger handsets. With the advent of touchscreen

keyboards, many people today prefer larger phones over small ones. In 2018, there are a

number of trends being seen across different product markets that show no signs of

slowing in the next couple of years.

A Growing Taste for Activity

As the American population ages, a growing number of people are turning towards

products that are geared towards activity and longevity, which represents a $7.6 trillion

opportunity for the right products. Nike is one company that is already catering to this

growing preference, marketing to 55-year-olds who are trying to keep as active as they

were in their 20s. New Balance is also targeting this market by offering footwear

designed for people with sore feet.

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Younger Influencers

Years ago, a child's influence on a parent's purchasing decisions was limited to toys and

children's wear. Today, however, parents are asking their children for opinions more than

ever, including what kind of car would best suit the family, where to go to dinner and

even what clothing the parents should buy for themselves. As a result, clothing retailers

are putting more emphasis on their children's departments. Their strategy is that once the

children bring the parents in for the children's clothes, they may see something they think

their mother or father should buy in the adult's section.

Preferences for Larger Selections

In addition to getting older, Americans are also getting larger. In 2017, more than one-

third of adults and one-in-six children were obese, a trend that is only expected to

increase. These consumers know that just because they are larger, wider or thicker than

the average customer, it doesn't mean they shouldn't have well-fitting clothes.

Consequently, consumers are showing a preference for a larger selection in clothing

sizes. Currently, Levi Jeans is catering to this growing preference by offering custom-

fitted jeans.

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A Need for Speed

Regarding the online shopping experience, one-week delivery times are now passé. More

consumers are developing a preference for nearly instant gratification. Supermarkets are

now offering same-day delivery, while Amazon is developing an army of drones that will

be able to deliver online purchases just as quickly. When it comes to the in-store

shopping experience, Amazon is also testing stores without cashiers. Shoppers simply fill

their baskets, and when they leave, the purchases are automatically scanned and billed to

the customers' phones.

How to Determine Consumer Preference

To determine what consumers prefer, you have to give them similar products to compare.

When offering them two or more products to evaluate, each product should be complete.

Asking them to compare apples to oranges is fair, but asking them if they would rather

have six apples or two oranges is not. One preference that does not change when

evaluating commodities is that consumers always prefer more to less. As well, if

consumers prefer product A over product B, and they prefer product C to product A, then

it is always safe to assume they prefer product Cover product B, too.

A common way to determine consumer preferences is to create a consumer panel. A

company may do this itself or by hiring a market research organization. The panel is

15
typically selected based on the demographics you hope your product will appeal to. There

are four different ways to determine preferences with a consumer panel.

Preference Tests

Preference testing is useful when you want to compare one product to another. The

consumers are given two or more products and asked which they prefer. Once their

preferences, or lack of preference, are recorded, you can then analyze the results to

determine which product is preferred. You cannot, however, determine how much each

product was liked using this method.

Acceptance Tests

Acceptance testing can determine how much a product is liked. Instead of stating which

product is preferred compared to others, the consumers are asked to give a score to each

product based on their like or dislike for it. This test is also called hedonic ranking.

Usually, the scoring system is based on a nine-point scale, ranging from extreme like to

extreme dislike, with neither dislike or like in the middle. Depending on the products

being evaluated, you can ask for different scores for different properties, such as physical

appearance, color or other attributes.

Ranking Tests

A third way of determining consumer preferences is to use a ranking test. Ranking tests

are usually best for comparing consumer preference between three or more products,

which the panel ranks according to their preference. A ranking test does not reveal how

much more consumers like one product over another.

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Difference Tests

As its name suggests, difference testing measures how well consumers can tell the

difference between two products. For example, if your company has developed a new

soda, you could ask consumers to compare it to a previous version you sold, as well as to

similar competitors’ sodas, for aspects like sweetness. While this test itself doesn’t reveal

preferences, it can provide insight into products when used with any of the other tests.

How to Cater to Consumer Preference

Anyone selling consumer products must be aware of the demand for those products and

how consumer preference affects that demand. Small business owners seldom have the

budget to conduct thorough study panels, but there are other ways to determine consumer

preference in your market. Subscribing to trade publications and creating news alerts for

trends in your market online can help you leverage the studies that have been conducted

by larger organizations at no cost to you.

The most direct way to determine consumer preferences is to listen to your current

customers. Consider each online review, each email and each complaint as a sort of case

study of your target market. If you sell blue handbags and you get feedback from

17
numerous customers asking if you have the same item in red, this could be an indication

that many others would prefer red handbags as well. If you have developed an email list

of your customers and prospects, it may be worthwhile to solicit their opinion on the

colors you could offer them. As well, online surveys are an inexpensive way to determine

preferences.

Suppose you have asked your customers directly and received survey responses from

visitors to your website asking them about six different colors for the same handbag, and

you determine that these consumers prefer red handbags to blue at a ratio of two-to-one.

This survey has given you the data to justify adding the new color option to your line of

products.

In addition to this, you should also examine how other preferences can affect your

business. For example, consumers always prefer faster delivery over slower delivery

times, as well as free shipping over extra shipping fees. If you aren't in a position to offer

free, next-day delivery, perhaps you can offer a choice to your customers: free delivery in

one week, or next-day delivery for an additional $5 charge.

Finally, the trend in consumer preference for customized sizes in clothing may be

something you can transfer to your business by offering choices in handbag sizes, or by

offering customized initials sewn into the handbags. By understanding changes in

consumer preferences as they happen, you can meet changes in demand as they begin to

happen, rather than waiting to see how larger companies are changing their products and

following their lead after-the-fact.

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Types of Customer Preferences-

Customer preferences are expectations, likes, dislikes, motivations and inclinations that

drive customer purchasing decisions. They complement customer needs in explaining

customer behavior. For example, a customer needs shoes and they'd prefer a particular

style, brand and color. Appealing to the preferences of customers is a basic marketing

technique that is useful for branding, product development, distribution and customer

experience. The following are common types of customer preference.

Convenience

Preferring things that are easy such as a settling for a nearby restaurant. Convenience is

considered a strong type of customer motivation.

Effort

The satisfaction that results from effort. For example, a customer who gains a sense of
accomplishment from a DIY project.

User Interfaces

Some customers will prefer the simplest user interface possible. Others will prefer lots of

buttons to play with. This can be as much about preference as need.

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Communication & Information

Preferences related to communication style and information density. For example, some

customers want to read detailed specifications and others want to hear a story.

Stability vs. Variety

Customers who would prefer the same exact shoes they purchased a year ago in the same

season versus customers who prefer an incredible variety of shoes and avoid repeat

purchases.

Risk

The risk tolerance of the customer. Applies to seemingly innocuous things such as

purchasing a new brand for the first time.

Values

Preferences related to values such as customers who purchase environmentally friendly

products.

Sensory
Preferences related to color, look, taste, smell, touch and sound.

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Time

Time preferences such as a customer who prefers an attentive waiter who drops buy

every 5 minutes versus a customer who doesn't want to feel rushed.

Customer Service
It is well known in the customer service industry that some customers prefer friendly

service and others prefer diligence and professional distance. For example, a hotel porter

who engages in friendly conversation versus dry information about the room and hotel.

Customer Experience
Preferences related to the end-to-end customer experience. For example, the interior

design, lighting, art, music and social atmosphere at a cafe.

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Consumer Preference Assumptions

Let's further examine the idea of consumer preference through

the three basic assumptions. The first assumption is

called completeness, which is when the consumer does not have

indifference between two goods. If faced with apples versus

oranges, every consumer does have a preference for one good

over the other. For example, Eddie has two alternative choices:

steak or chicken. The assumption of completeness reflects the

idea that Eddie should be able to compare his options, in this

case steak and chicken. In other words, Eddie should be able to

say whether he likes steak or chicken better.

The second assumption is called transitivity, which is based on

defining a relationship between goods, such as if a consumer

prefers good A to good B, and prefers good B to good C, then the

consumer should prefer good A to good C. Let's use Eddie's food

selections as another example. If Eddie prefers steak (good A) to

chicken (good B), and prefers chicken (good B) to turkey (good

C), then Eddie should prefer steak (good A) to turkey (good C).

22
The last consumer assumption is based on non-satiation, which

states that more of a good is always better as long as it does not

affect the consumer's ability to utilize all other goods. Eddie will

be happier with 6 steaks and 2 chickens, than 4 steaks and 1

chicken. Eddie has no point of satiation or the ability to be

satisfied. Some economists call this assumption consumer greed.

Economic Importance of Consumer Choice

Consumer preference is critical to economics because of the relationships between

preferences and consumer demand curves. It is important to understand what Eddie and

other consumers prefer to spend their income on which will help predict consumer

demand. The purpose in understanding the consumer choice theory is a way of analyzing

how consumers may achieve equilibrium between preferences and expenditures by

maximizing utility or satisfaction in terms of their consumer budget limits.

23
COMPANY

24
 PROFILE

OAIT Was Established At 8 August 2010.It Stands For Office For Automation And

Information Technology (OAIT). Its Headquarter located In Aligarh Uttar Pradesh.

OAIT has evolved as an exclusive training Centre of Computer Hardware, Networking,

Accounting & Programming Course. There has been a mush room growth of Software,

Hardware, Networking & Accounting Institutions in almost all the centers in U.P,

Uttaranchal, Rajasthan, M.P, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab,

NCR, Karnataka, TamilNadu. On the other hand OAIT, by virtue of its cost-convenient,

job-oriented and quality controlled teaching and training, has risen to great heights and

acclamations from among them.

25
With the accomplishment of the idea of laying foundation of OAIT in the year 2010,

OAIT was promoted by a group of IT Professionals who had experience for more than a

decade. It has indeed become a land mark in entire India and has grown into the most

reputed Fastest growing in Software Development, Training Institute providing ““Job-

oriented Courses” with a network all over the country.

At OAIT, we identify the country’s best potential talent and nurture them into high

performing & certified Professionals. We allow their individuality to blossom and

provide the excellent motivation along with stimulation in a highly challenging

environment

OAIT India in Aligarh. Computer Training Institutes with Address, Contact Number,

Photos, Maps. View OAIT India, Aligarh on Justdial.

Since 2010, OAIT India in Ramghat Road, Aligarh has been offering professional

training to students. It specializes and is well-known for training students as well as

working professionals in accounting, web designing, programming languages, hardware

and networking. It is run and managed by seasoned professionals who lead a team of

educators and trainers having relevant domain expertise. At this institution, one can get

trained in the subject of their choice by opting from a wide range of courses. These easy-

to-follow courses are primarily aimed at students, working professionals as well as IT

professionals who want to enhance their knowledge and further their career prospects.

Located In front of K K Hospital, Near Kishanpur Tiraha, you can find this institution

26
with relative ease at in Ramghat Road. Undoubtedly it is one of the best computer

training institutes in Ramghat Road, Aligarh.

Services Offered at OAIT India

OAIT India in Ramghat Road offers short-term courses and certificate courses. Inclusive

of comprehensive learning, the long-term programs feature subjects such as web

development, financial accountancy, computer application and programming, information

technology, multimedia and web-designing. Some of the short-term courses cover topics

like Windows XP, 7, 8, 10, Vista, MS Office, DTP (Desk Top Publishing), Web

Designing, Multimedia, Tally ERP 9, C, C++ , and Visual Basic. Walk into this center all

through the week between 09:00 - 18:00. Pay in Cash, Master Card, Visa Card, Debit

Cards, Cheques, American Express Card, Credit Card

27
VISION

We believe that the maximum we explore from a student's mind, the maximum positive

outcome we receive. Hence to ensure your success, we constantly focus on excavating

the best out of you because your success is our success.

With the vision to digitalize every corner of our organization, we provide all the digital

facilities to our students. This will not only ensure the overall development of students

but also make sure the effective implementation of the knowledge gained by them during

the theoretical sessions. Our digital initiatives include

Smart-Class is a new concept of teaching and learning. It consists of Smart Board and

Smart Pen with high tech projector, by using newly arising technologies, the faculties can

interact in a more influential way with the students that help the students learning each

and every concept of every subject perfectly.

In the era of cut throat competition where the level of difficulty is raising beyond the

expectations. Here we require being prepared from all the aspects to get succeeded in the

examination. Our students are a step ahead from their competitors because of the regular

online exam. This facility provides an actual experience of examination hall before the

real exam. We believe that young minds are full of curiosity. So we are dedicated to end

your curiosity by our problem solving sessions and student grievance cell.

28
OAIT INDIA is a Group which works with the motive of serving a broad section of the

society and is among the leading institutions in the given field.

To empower the upcoming generation digitally with excellent standards of quality

education and contributing a skilled workforce...

Listed in-

 Computer training institutes

 Institutes

 Education Consultants
 Institutes For Distance Education
 Computer Training Institutes For Java
 Overseas Education Consultants
 Computer Software Training Institutes
 Education Board
 Computer Training Institutes For Web Designing
 Computer Training Institutes 
For Basic

29
 Institutes For Distance
Education MBA
 Education counseling services

 Computer Training Institutes 

For Website Designing
 Computer training institute for
PHP
 Institute for distance
education BBA
 BBA distance learning
institutes
 Institutes For Distance
Education MA

 Computer Training Institutes 

For C++ Programming

 Institutes For Distance 

Education BA

 Institutes For Distance 

Education Executive MBA

 Institutes For Distance 

Education BCA

 Institutes For Distance 

Education IT

 Institutes For Distance 

Education MSC IT

 Institutes For Distance 

Education BSc

30
 Institutes For Distance 
Education MCA

 Computer Training Institutes 

For Web Programming

 Computer Training Institutes 

For Java Sun Certified

 Computer Training Institutes 

For IT

 Computer Training Institutes 

For Corporate Java

 Computer Training Institutes 

For Corporate HTML

 Institutes For Distance Education

`MA

 Computer Training Institutes For

Android

 Computer Training Institutes For

Angular

 Computer Training Institutes For

Advanced Java

 Institutes For Distance Education

BSc IT

 Correspondence Institutes

31
  Computer Training Institutes For
Visual C++

 Computer Training Institutes For

Java Networking

 Computer Training Institutes For

Internet

 Computer Training Institutes For

C Sharp

 Education Consultants For MBA

Amenities for the Employees:

 City Compensatory Allowance is applicable.

 Accidental and Medical Insurance to every employee. (Except LB Faculties)

 House Facility on up gradation to Manager Grade.

 Lecture incentive on taking extra lectures.

 There is weightage for experienced(same field)candidates on producing suitable

Documents only.

 Employee Performer Award for teaching staff.

 Additional benefit on taking lectures of Early Morning/Late Evening /Sunday

32
 batches.

 Request Transfer can be availed in special circumstances.

 Staff benefit to employees in admission fees as discount.

 Skill course is offered to willing and eligible candidates which is an added

Advantage for them.

 Faculty members can request to convert themselves as Part-Time/Lecture

Base Faculty members.

 Assistance to get skill certificate by NSDC.

 Company Bag to every Employee.

 Annual Fest Utsav.

 Guidance on Personality Improvement.

 Proper guidance for personal & professional life.

The institute provides you with industry focused programs.

It provides a wide range of courses and programs as a result of the continuous effort to

meet the needs of banking as well as all types of competitive exams and to improve your

personality on the whole. These courses are designed in a manner that systematically

equip them with the knowledge and techniques required for any exam and help them in

their career progress.

33
 OUR FACILITIES

 Smart Class Facility for enhancing Visual Learning through Digital classes.

 Short-cut Technique based classes for aspirants.

 Life Time Classes and Speed Tests facility for Students.

 Student Bag facility to keep notes & books for classes.

 Batch Rejoining & Branch Transfer facility for Students across PAN India.

 Sunday & Weekend Batches for Working & Professional aspirants.

34
 Seminars of National Level in PAN India.

 Study Material in English/Hindi for complete Preparation of all exams.

 SMART LAB facility in branches for practicing online exams.

 In House facility to give Speed Tests from anywhere in India.

 Complete analysis of ST like comparison with Topper & rank across PAN India.

 Classes based on Speed Test discussion for improving accuracy & attempt in ST.

 Speed Tests are given in different Languages for Students across PAN India.

 Interview classes along with Mock Interviews sessions by Interview Board Members.

 Advanced Classes, Class Assessment, Class Work-Sheet.

 Unlimited Speed Test of different competitive exams for gaining speed & accuracy.

 Exclusive batches for other Competitive exams.

 PSS i.e. Problem Solving Session by faculties at branch.

 Special Classes by experts just before exams.

 Star Performer Award for our Students to honor the online exam Toppers across PAN

India.

 Group Discussion & Personality Development Classes across PAN India.

 Felicitation Program for Interaction with Successful Students every year.

 Student Grievance Cell for Students across PAN India.

35
 Female helpdesk dedicated to Female Students across PAN India.

ONLINE EXAMS

"It is well said that unless and until the information is reached in quick time, it becomes

irrelevant for the end user". Keeping this in mind and with its social and moral

responsibility towards society introduced a project “Online exams” for creating

awareness about online preparation for aspirant’s competitive examinations and many

more.

36
 The project’s main aim was to help nurture the needs of the aspirants and to provide them

a platform where they could practice, study and also check their progress online while

preparing for the different competitive examinations.

Specialties of OAIT

 NSIC (The Government of India Enterprise) Certified

 An ISO 9001:2008 Certified

 Project Work.

 Corporate Training.

 Online Examination

 Online Certificate Verification

 Corporate Training.

 5200 Students Successfully Trained.

37
 Teaching of and training in Latest and upcoming Technology.

 Specialized teaching and training courses in functional English and Personality

Development.

Courses Offered By OAIT INDIA

Computer science

 Complete.net

 Complete java

 Diploma in computer application

 Advance diploma in computer application

 Advance diploma in computer programming

 Advance diploma in information technology

 OCCP (OAIT Certificate in Computer Programming) JAVA Domain

38
  OCCP (OAIT Certificate in Computer Programming) DOT NET Platform

E-accounting

 Tally ERP 9

 Certificate In Computerized Accounting

 Diploma In Financial Accounting

 Advance Diploma In Financial Accounting

 Diploma In Computer And Tally

 Advance Diploma In Computer And Tally

 Fashion Designing

 Programming

• C Language
• C++ Language
• Core java
• Advance java
• C# Language
• Asp.net
• ADO.net
39
• SQL server
• MS office
• Oracle
• Android
• PHP

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

 To identifying the factors which influence the consumer preference with

regard to various courses.

 To find out substitute goals of consumers.

40
41
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH METHEDOLOGY-

Observation method is used in my study.

Observational Research Is Defined As The Method Of Viewing And Recording The

Actions And Behaviors Of Participants. It Is Described As Being A Systematic

Observation Method, Which Implies That The Observation Techniques Are Sensible And

Replicable Procedures So That The Research Could Be Reproduced. As The Name

Describes, “Observational” Methods Are All About Observing The Participants. There Is

No Experiment Conducted And No Variables Are Manipulated. The Observations Are

42
Made Without Disturbing, Influencing Or Altering The Environment Or The Participants

In Any Way.

Observation (watching what people do) would seem to be an obvious method of carrying

out research in psychology. However, there are different types of observational methods

and distinctions need to be made between:

1. Controlled Observations

2. Natural Observations

3. Participant Observations

In addition to the above categories observations can also be either overt/disclosed (the

participants know they are being studied) or covert/undisclosed (the research keeps their

real identity a secret from the research subjects, acting as a genuine member of the

group).

In general observations are relatively cheap to carry out and few resources are needed by

the researcher. However, they can often be very time consuming and longitudinal.

Controlled Observation

Controlled observations (usually a structured observation) are likely to be carried out in a

psychology laboratory. The researcher decides where the observation will take place, at

43
what time, with which participants, in what circumstances and uses a standardized

procedure. Participants are randomly allocated to each independent variable group.

Rather than writing a detailed description of all behavior observed, it is often easier to

code behavior according to a previously agreed scale using a behavior schedule (i.e.

conducting a structured observation).

The researcher systematically classifies the behavior they observe into distinct categories.

Coding might involve numbers or letters to describe a characteristics, or use of a scale to

measure behavior intensity. The categories on the schedule are coded so that the data

collected can be easily counted and turned into statistics.

A lot of research has been carried out in sleep laboratories as well. Here electrodes are

attached to the scalp of participants and what is observed are the changes in electrical

activity in the brain during sleep (the machine is called an electroencephalogram – an

EEG).

Controlled observations are usually overt as the researcher explains the research aim to

the group, so the participants know they are being observed. Controlled observations are

also usually non-participant as the researcher avoids any direct contact with the group,

keeping a distance (e.g. observing behind a two-way mirror).

44
Strengths

1. Controlled observations can be easily replicated by other researchers by using

the same observation schedule. This means it is easy to test for reliability.

2. The data obtained from structured observations is easier and quicker to analyze

as it is quantitative (i.e. numerical) - making this a less time consuming method

compared to naturalistic observations.

45
 3. Controlled observations are fairly quick to conduct which means that many

observations can take place within a short amount of time. This means a

large sample can be obtained resulting in the findings being representative and

having the ability to be generalized to a large population..

Limitations

1. Controlled observations can lack validity due to the Hawthorne effect/demand

characteristics. When participants know they are being watched they may act

differently.

Naturalistic Observation

Naturalistic observation (i.e. unstructured observation) involves studying the spontaneous

behavior of participants in natural surroundings. The researcher simply records what they

see in whatever way they can.

Compared with controlled/structured methods it is like the difference between studying

wild animals in a zoo and studying them in their natural habitat.

With regard to human subjects Margaret Mead used this method to research the way of

life of different tribes living on islands in the South Pacific. Kathy Sylva used it to study

children at play by observing their behavior in a playgroup in Oxfords hire.

46
Strengths

1 By being able to observe the flow of behavior in its own setting studies have

greater ecological validity.

2. Like case studies naturalistic observation is often used to generate new ideas.

Because it gives the researcher the opportunity to study the total situation it

often suggests avenues of enquiry not thought of before.

Limitations

1. These observations are often conducted on a micro (small) scale and may lack a

representative sample (biased in relation to age, gender, social class or ethnicity).

This may result in the findings lacking the ability to be generalized to wider

society.

2. Natural observations are less reliable as other variables cannot be controlled.

This makes it difficult for another researcher to repeat the study in exactly the

same way.

3. A further disadvantage is that the researcher needs to be trained to be able to

recognize aspects of a situation that are psychologically significant and worth

further attention.

47
 4. With observations we do not have manipulations of variables (or control over

extraneous variables) which mean cause and effect relationships cannot be

established.

Participant Observation

Participant observation is a variant of the above (natural observations) but here the

researcher joins in and becomes part of the group they are studying to get a deeper insight

into their lives. If it were research on animals we would now not only be studying them in

their natural habitat but be living alongside them as well!

This approach was used by Leon Festinger in a famous study into a religious cult who

believed that the end of the world was about to occur. He joined the cult and studied how

they reacted when the prophecy did not come true.

Participant observations can be either cover or overt. Covert is where the study is carried

out 'under cover'. The researcher's real identity and purpose are kept concealed from the

group being studied.

48
The researcher takes a false identity and role, usually posing as a genuine member of the

group. On the other hand, overt is where the researcher reveals his or her true identity and

purpose to the group and asks permission to observe.

Limitations

1. It can be difficult to get time / privacy for recording. For example, with covert

observations researchers can’t take notes openly as this would blow their cover.

This means they have to wait until they are alone and reply on their memory. This

is a problem as they may forget details and are unlikely to remember direct

quotations.

2. If the researcher becomes too involved they may lose objectivity and become

bias. There is always the danger that we will “see” what we expect (or want) to

see. This is a problem as they could selectively report information instead of

noting everything they observe. Thus reducing the validity of their data.

49
Recording of Data

With all observation studies an important decision the researcher has to make is how to

classify and record the data. Usually this will involve a method of sampling. The three

main sampling methods are:

1. Event sampling. The observer decides in advance what types of behavior

(events) she is interested in and records all occurrences. All other types of

behavior are ignored.

2. Time sampling. The observer decides in advance that observation will take place

only during specified time periods (e.g. 10 minutes every hour, 1 hour per day)

and records the occurrence of the specified behavior during that period only.

3. Instantaneous (target time) sampling. The observer decides in advance the pre-

selected moments when observation will take place and records what is happening

at that instant. Everything happening before or after is ignored.

50
RESEARCH DESIGN-

Research design is defined as a framework of methods and techniques chosen by a

researcher to combine various components of research in a reasonably logical manner so

that the research problem is efficiently handled. It provides insights about “how” to

conduct research using a particular methodology. Every researcher has a list of research

questions which need to be assessed – this can be done with research design.

The sketch of how research should be conducted can be prepared using research design.

Hence, the market research study will be carried out on the basis of research design.

The design of a research topic is used to explain the type of research

(experimental, survey, correlational, semi-experimental, review) and also its sub-type

(experimental design, research problem, descriptive case-study). There are three main

sections of research design: Data collection, measurement, and analysis.

The type of research problem an organization is facing will determine the research design

and not vice-versa. Variables, designated tools to gather information, how will the tools

be used to collect and analyze data and other factors are decided in research design on the

basis of a research technique is decided.

51
 An impactful research design usually creates minimum bias in data and increases trust on

the collected and analyzed research information. Research design which produces the

least margin of error in experimental research can be touted as the best. The essential

elements of research design are:

1. Accurate purpose statement of research design

2. Techniques to be implemented for collecting details for research

3. Method applied for analyzing collected details

4. Type of research methodology

5. Probable objections for research

6. Settings for research study

7. Timeline

8. Measurement of analysis

52
Research Design Characteristics

There are four key characteristics of research design:

Neutrality: The results projected in research design should be free from bias and
neutral. Understand opinions about the final evaluated scores and conclusion from

multiple individuals and consider those who agree with the derived results.

Reliability: If a research is conducted on a regular basis, the researcher involved

expects similar results to be calculated every time. Research design should indicate how

the research questions can be formed to ensure the standard of obtained results and this

can happen only when the research design is reliable.

Validity: There are multiple measuring tools available for research design but valid

measuring tools are those which help a researcher in gauging results according to the

objective of research and nothing else. The questionnaire developed from this research

design will be then valid.

Generalization: The outcome of research design should be applicable to a population

and not just a restricted sample. Generalization is one of the key characteristics of

research design.

53
Types of Research Design

A researcher must have a clear understanding of the various types of research design to

select which type of research design to implement for a study. Research design can be

broadly classified into quantitative and qualitative research design.

Qualitative Research Design: Qualitative research is implemented in cases where a

relationship between collected data and observation is established on the basis of

mathematical calculations. Theories related to a naturally existing phenomenon can be

proved or disproved using mathematical calculations. Researchers rely on qualitative

research design where they are expected to conclude “why” a particular theory exists

along with “what” respondents have to say about it.

Quantitative Research Design: Quantitative research is implemented in cases

where it is important for a researcher to have statistical conclusions to collect actionable

insights. Numbers provide a better perspective to make important business decisions.

Quantitative research design is important for the growth of any organization because any

conclusion drawn on the basis of numbers and analysis will only prove to be effective for

the business.

54
Further, research design can be divided into five types –

1. Descriptive Research Design: In a descriptive research design, a researcher is

solely interested in describing the situation or case under his/her research study. It is

theory-based research designs which is created by gather, analyze and presents collected

data. By implementing an in-depth research design such as this, a researcher can provide

insights into the why and how of research.

2. Experimental Research Design: Experimental research design is used to

establish a relationship between the cause and effect of a situation. It is a causal research

design where the effect caused by the independent variable on the dependent variable is

observed. For example, the effect of an independent variable such as price on a dependent

variable such as customer satisfaction or brand loyalty is monitored. It is a highly

practical research design method as it contributes towards solving a problem at hand. The

independent variables are manipulated to monitor the change it has on the dependent

variable. It is often used in social sciences to observe human behavior by analyzing two

groups – effect of one group on the other.

3. Correlational Research Design: Correlational research is a non-experimental

research design technique which helps researchers to establish a relationship between two

closely connected variables. Two different groups are required to conduct this research

design method. There is no assumption while evaluating a relationship between two

different variables and statistical analysis techniques are used to calculate the relationship

between them.

55
 Correlation between two variables is concluded using a correlation coefficient, whose

value ranges between -1 and +1. If the correlation coefficient is towards +1, it indicates a

positive relationship between the variables and -1 indicates a negative relationship

between the two variables.

4. Diagnostic Research Design: In the diagnostic research design, a researcher is

inclined towards evaluating the root cause of a specific topic. Elements that contribute

towards a troublesome situation are evaluated in this research design method.

There are three parts of diagnostic research design:

 Inception of the issue

 Diagnosis of the issue

 Solution for the issue

4. Explanatory Research Design: In exploratory research design, the

researcher’s ideas and thoughts are as a key as it is primarily dependent on their

personal inclination about a particular topic. Explanation about unexplored

aspects of a subject is provided along with details about what, how and why

related to the research questions.

56
DATA
COLLECTION

57
DATA COLLECTION-

I have collected data through observation method.

PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION-

 Questionnaire method was chosen for fulfillment of basic objective. The primary

sources were students of OAIT INDIA in Aligarh city

 direct information

 direct information through call

SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION-

 information collected through internet

 Company magazine.

 Organizations phone directory.

58
 Collection of data is a statistical requirement. Statistics are a set or series of numerical

data that acts as a facilitating factor of policy-making. In other words, numerical data

establishes Statistics. Numerical data undergoes processing and manipulations before it

aids the process of decision making. Hence, numerical data are the raw materials to

statistics. These raw materials can originate from various sources. Statisticians and

analysts collect these data in different methods.

Statistical data (or data) is a set of numbers or series of numerical data. Statistical data

help in the process of decision making. Since these statistical data are raw in nature. But

it becomes helpful in the process of decision making and policy making only after it has

undergone certain refinement. In addition, the person who collects these statistical data

for further inspection is addressed as the ‘investigator’. Whereas the person who provides

raw data and facts to the investigator is addressed as the ‘respondent’.

Before we go ahead with discussing the concept of the collection of data, understanding

the preliminaries to data collection is crucial. Discussed below are the major

preliminaries to data collection:

a. The objectives of the statistical research

b. The available scope of the statistical research

59
c. The statistical units for the research – should be unambiguous and specific to the

research. They should also be stable and uniform in the usage for statistical technique.

Moreover, statistical units should be appropriate to the research and should not digress

from the main objective. They can either be a collection of units or a collection of

analysis and interpretation.

d. Various sources of data (in case of primary data) and information (in case of secondary

data)

e. Methods of collecting data – are either census method or sample technique.

f. The degree of accuracy of the final results

g. Different types of enquiry (or research) – are official, confidential, regular, sample,

census and primary research. Secondary, ad-hoc, repetitive and direct is also examples of

types of enquiries.

TYPES OF DATA

There are 2 types of data. Discussed below are the types of data.

60
1. Primary Data – refers to the data that the investigator collects for the very first time.

This type of data has not been collected either by this or any other investigator before. A

primary data will provide the investigator with the most reliable first-hand information

about the respondents. The investigator would have a clear idea about the terminologies

uses, the statistical units employed, the research methodology and the size of the sample.

Primary data may either be internal or external to the organization.

2. Secondary Data – refers to the data that the investigator collects from another source.

Past investigators or agents collect data required for their study. The investigator is the

first researcher or statistician to collect this data. Moreover, the investigator does not

have a clear idea about the intricacies of the data. There may be ambiguity in terms of the

sample size and sample technique. There may also be unreliability with respect to the

accuracy of the data.

3-PRIMARY DATA – METHODS OF COLLECTION OF DATA

Discussed below are 5 broad classifications of the methods of collecting primary data.

Direct Personal Investigation

Consists of the collection of data by the investigator in a direct manner. The investigator

(or researcher) is responsible for personally approaching a respondent and investigating

the research and gather appropriate information. In other words, the researcher himself
61
enters the field and solicits data that he requires to take the research forward. Thus, this

method of data collection ensures first-hand information. This data is all the more reliable

for an intensive research. But in an extensive research, this data is inadequate and proves

to be unreliable. This method of collection of data is time-consuming. Hence, it tends to

get handicapped when there is lack of time resource. However, the greatest demerit is that

this method is very subjective in nature and is not suitable for objective based extensive

researches.

Indirect Oral Interview

Consists of the collection of data by the investigator in an indirect manner. The

investigator (or enumerator) approaches (either by telephonic interviews) an indirect

respondent who possesses the appropriate information for the research. Thus, this method

of data collection ensures first-hand information because the interviewers can cross-

question for the right and appropriate information.

Mailed Questionnaire

Consists of mailing a set or series of questions related to the research. The respondent

answers the questionnaire and forwards it back to the investigator after marking his/her

responses. This method of collection of data has proven to be time-saving. It is also a

very cost-efficient manner of collecting the required data. An investigator who has the

access to the internet and an email account can undertake this method of data collection.

The researcher can only investigate those respondents who also have access to the

internet and an email account. This remains the only major restriction of this method.

62
Schedules

Scheduling involves a face to face situation with the respondents. In this method of

collecting data, the interviewer questions the respondent according to the questions

mentioned in a form. This form is known as a schedule. This is different than a

questionnaire. A questionnaire is personally filled by the respondents and the interviewer

may or may not be physically present. Whereas, the schedule is filled by the enumerator

or interviewer after asking the respondent his/her answer to a specific question. And in

scheduling method of collecting data, the interviewer or enumerator is physically present.

Local agencies

In this method, the information is not directly or indirectly collected by either the

interviewer of the enumerator. Instead, the interviewer hires or employs a local agency to

work for him/her and help in gathering appropriate information. These local agents are

often known as correspondents as well. Correspondents are only responsible for gathering

accurate and reliable information. They work according to their preference and adopt

different methods to do so.

SECONDARY DATA – SOURCES OF DATA

Discussed below are 2 broad classifications of the sources of secondary data.

Published Sources

There are many national organizations, international agencies and official publications

that collect various statistical data. They collect data related to business, commerce, trade,

63
prices, economy, productions, services, industries, currency and foreign affairs. They also

collect information related to various (internal and external) socio-economic phenomena

and publish them. These publications contain statistical reports of various kinds. Central

Government Official Publication, Publications of Research Institutions, Committee

Reports and International Publications are some published sources of secondary data.

Unpublished Sources

Some statistical data are not always a part of publications. Such data are stored by

institutions or private firms. Researchers often make use of these unpublished data in

order to make their researches all the more original.

64
DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION -

OAIT INDIA provide many courses which have different fee structures. Students

prefer course which have great in demand and less fee . here are the table which

show1 the fees of course-

65
 COURSE FEES

Computer science

 Complete.net 6500
 Complete java
6500
 Diploma in computer application
6500
 Advance diploma in computer application
6500
 Advance diploma in computer programming
6500
 Advance diploma in information technology
6500
 OCCP (OAIT Certificate in Computer

Programming) JAVA Domain 6500

66
E – accounting

 Tally ERP 9 4500

 Certificate In Computerized Accounting 4500

 Diploma In Financial Accounting

4500
 Advance Diploma In Financial Accounting
4500
 Diploma In Computer And Tally
4500
 Advance Diploma In Computer And Tally
4500

 Fashion Designing 7000

67
 Programming
DEMAND OF COURSES ACCORDING TO
FEES

computer science

e-accounting

fashion designing

programming

68
 In organization there are many courses operates but students prefer only few of

them like mostly students prefer the course of computer science.

 I have observed 30 students who comes for query regarding courses I were

provide him all knowledge of courses either specific or substitute some of them

prefer specific and some prefer substitute courses it means in absence of specific

they prefer substitute courses.

PREFERENCE OF STUDENTS ACCORDING TO

DEMAND OF COURSE IN CURRENT SCENE-
RIO
IN COMPUTER SCIENCE-

.NET
20% JAVA
30%

PHP
20%

DCA
30%

69
 IN E- ACCOUNTING

TALLY ERP9 DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER AND TALLY DIPLOMA IN FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

17%

50%

33%

70
 IN PROGRAMMINGS -

ANDROID C LANGUAGE
33% 17%

C++
17%

MS-OFFICE
33%

71
After seeing the above presented graphs we can conclude that the

preference of computer science course is high. Main reason is that

There is a great scope in Web designing for working in a no boss

environment. There are lots of things to deal with when Web designing

courses come into the picture of creating and maintaining a site. There are

lots of coding to be learned like PHP, JavaScript, etc.

You can find lots of private institutes to offer such course. There are not

fixed fees when it comes to taking up the course from any institute. The

ideal duration of the course is for a year. Diploma certificate in web

designing is awarded to the student after completing it. You can also get

enrolled in short-term basic computer courses for a period of 3 to 6 months.

The best thing is to go for a professional web designing for a year and after

the course completion you can also be a freelance worker and earn surplus

with respect to your skills.

Students are well advertised on TV and Newspaper and most of the

candidates are aware of such courses. They provide guaranteed jobs to the

candidates. There are lots of institute offering best computer courses with

72
good placement record and provides lots of courses a long term and short

term. In various IT industries, after completing the courses, there are lots of

job vacancies available. There is lots of programming language to learn like

C++, Java with respect to developing software. In IT companies, software

developers are highly in need. Thus it becomes the ideal course for pursuing

it.

73
 FINDINGS

FINDINGS –

74
 After observation i have found that only 12 students took the admission.

 Remaining 18 did not take the admission because the courses they preferred were

not available at that time.

 After ranking all courses we have got students prefer JAVA ,PHP ,DCA and .NET

also.

 In the absence of DCA and .net in campus some of them choose rest course and

some did not take admission.

 Main reason is unavailability of specific courses because there were no faculties for

rest courses.

75
CONCLUSION

76
CONCLUSION –

 The conclusion of my study is at present era the demand of networking and

hardware courses is high because they provide job easily.

 Organization focus on distance learning because all students cannot come to the

same city they prefer their own cities it is convenient for them.

 Company earns more from distance learning courses because in distance learning

all courses are available and faculties are also available at different centers.

77
SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Scope-

78
 Creation of data pool.

 Knowing the customer needs.

 Formulation of the policies of organization.

 Knowing current market consumer preference

79
RECOMMONDATIONS

/SUGGESSIONS

80
RECOMMONDATIONS/SUGGESSIONS –

 The organization strictly needs more faculties because at present only two

faculties are available so organization held only two courses properly.

 the organization must have need to change their location it can transfer it’s

headquarter to any metro city from Aligarh.

 they need to expand their courses. at present 40 courses are operated in

organization but in main campus only 2 courses operates properly.

 They need to change the layout of their website. It gives very little information

about the prospective and the functioning of the organization.

81
LIMITATIONS

82
LIMITATIONS –

 main limitation of my study is-

 I have only two months for more finding i want more time so i can observe more.

 Not exact & true information given by people.

 the location of the company is in outer from main market so less number of

students came to visit branch

 There were lacks of awareness in the students towards company because

promotion policy was not so good.

83
BIBILIOGRAPHY

84
BIBILIOGRAPHY-

Websites-

 http://oait.org/

 http://oait.org/FeedBack.aspx#

 https://www.justdial.com/Aligarh/OAIT-India-Kk-Hospital-

Ramghat-Road

 https://in.linkedin.com/in/oait-aligarh-8869484a

85
QUESTIONNAIRE

86
QUESTIONNAIRE-

(1) Name: ..............................................................................................

(2) Address………………………………………………………….....
(3) Contact No: .......................................................................................
 What is your profession?

o Service

o Self Employed/Businessman

o Housewife

o Student

 What is your qualification?

o 10-12

o Graduation

o Post-graduation

 What would be your course of interest?

o Computer science courses

o Programming courses

o Fashion designing course

Specify your choice in course of interest………………………………………………...

 Why have you chosen this course ………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………….

 If not taken admission then specify the reason……………………………….

87
 ……………………………………………………………………………

 According to you what should be your fee structure for the course you have

chosen………………………………………………………………………. …....

Thank you

88