Transport Phenomena I (CME 3303) Given: 10/11/19

Nehal I. Abu-Lail Due: 10/21/19

Homework # 6
Problem 1: Skin drag for flow past immersed objects
A water tower consists of a 12 m
diameter sphere on top of a vertical tower
that is 30 m tall and 1 m in diameter.
Estimate the aerodynamic drag force
imposed by a 50 km/hr wind on the tank
in a standard day. Neglect the
interference at the joint between the
sphere and the vertical tower. Assume
that air is at 37.8 oC. For a sphere with
NRE>2 ×106, CD=0.18.

Solution
To the side, a schematic (not to scale) of
the water tower is drawn. We will assume
that the full surface area of the sphere is
immersed in air.

Projected area of sphere = (12/2)2=113.1

m2

The area of the cylinder exposed to air is

2rL=2(1)(30) =188.5 m2

Density and viscosity of air at 37.8 oC

from A.3.3A are 1.137 Kg/m3 and
1.9×10-5 Kg/m.s

Velocity =50*1000 m/hr * hr/3600 s =

13.9 m/s
. .
𝑁 9.98×106
.
Therefore, CD=0.18
. .
𝑁 8.32×105
.

From the figure below, CD≅ 0.11

The drag force is given by: 𝐹 𝐶 𝜌𝐴
FD for the sphere = 0.18 ×(13.9) m /s ×1.137Kg/m3×113.1 m2 N.s2/Kg.m= 4.47 KN
2 2 2

FD for the cylinder = 0.11 ×(13.9)2 m2/s2×1.137Kg/m3×188.5 m2 N.s2/Kg.m= 4.56 KN

The total drag force experienced by the tank is 9.03 KN

Problem 2: Derivation for the number of particles in a bed of cylinders (Problem 6.2-2 in
our book)
For a packed bed containing cylinders, where the diameter D of the cylinders is equal to the
length of the cylinders h. If the bed has a void fraction , do the following:
(a) Calculate the effective diameter
(b) Calculate the number of cylinders, n, in 1 m3 of the bed.
Problem 3: Flow of water in a filter bed (Problem 6.2-5 in our book)
Water at 24 oC is flowing by gravity through a filter bed of small particles having an equivalent
diameter of 0.0060 m. The void fraction of water above the bed is measured as 0.42. The packed
bed has a depth of 1.50 m. The liquid level of water above the bed is held constant at 0.40 m.
What is the water velocity (𝑣́ ) based on an empty cross-sectional area of the bed?
Problem 4: Fluidization of a sand-bed filter (Problem 6.3-3 in our book)
To clean a sand-bed filter, it is fluidized at minimum conditions using water at 24 oC. The round
sand particles have a density of 2550 Kg/m3 and an average size of 0.4 mm. The sand has the
properties given in Table 6.3-1.
(a) The bed diameter is 0.4 m and the desired height if the bed at these minimum fluidizing
conditions is 1.75 m. Calculate the amount of solids needed to achieve this height.
(b) Calculate the pressure drop at these conditions and the minimum velocity for fluidization
(c) Using four times the minimum velocity, estimate the porosity and height of the expanded
bed
(d) Calculate the bed minimum bubbling velocity