Stephanie S. Biyo CHM172.

1(H78) Act 2: Kinetics

Data Analysis

I. Determining the Order of a Reaction

0.008
0.007
0.006 y = -6E-05x + 0.0067
[HCrO4-] 0.005 R² = 0.9592
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Time (min)

Figure 1. Plot of [HCrO4-] versus time

700
600
500
1/[HCrO4]

400
300
200 y = 4.593x + 90.166
100 R² = 0.9575
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Time (min)

Figure 2. Plot of [1/HCrO4-] versus time

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-1

-2
ln[HCrO4-]

-3

-4
y = -0.015x - 4.9079
R² = 0.9988
-5

-6

-7
Time (min)

Figure 3. Plot of ln[HCrO4-] versus time

As what the figures above exhibit, Figure 3 shows the best straight-line equation, having
an R2 value of 0.9988 among the other two equations shown in figures one and two. Thus, it
can be concluded from the linearity evaluation that the chemical reaction occurred in ln[HCrO4-
] versus time is in the first order.
Stephanie S. Biyo CHM172.1(H78) Act 2: Kinetics

II. Determining Missing Data for a 1st Order Reaction

Table 1. Calculated k, Vcalc, d, and d2

Time Volume k Vcalc d d2
0 25.8
339 26.3 8.40471E-05 26.336 0.0359 0.001289
1242 27.8 9.5965E-05 27.686 -0.1139 0.012973
2745 29.7 9.01E-05 29.703 0.0033 1.09E-05
4546 31.81 9.06E-05 31.787 -0.0234 0.000548

35
30
volume (cm^3)

25
20
y = 0.0013x + 25.936
15 R² = 0.9955
10
5
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
time (sec)

Figure 4. Plot of volume versus time

Table 2. Estimated Infinite Volume with its correspondent ∑d2

Vinf ∑d2
35 0.294733
36 0.200644
37 0.1354
38 0.090476
39 0.059931
40 0.039647
41 0.026748
42 0.019207
43 0.015575
44 0.01481
45 0.016147
50 0.0390167
55 0.0701753
Stephanie S. Biyo CHM172.1(H78) Act 2: Kinetics

0.0155
0.0154
0.0153
0.0152
∑d2
0.0151
0.015
0.0149
0.0148
0.0147
43 43.2 43.4 43.6 43.8 44
Vinf

Figure 5. Plot of Infinite Volume between 43 and 44 versus ∑d2

After performing the necessary experimental calculations that is shown in Table 1,

Figure 4, and Table 2 the resulted minimum value of least squares for Vinf was found to be in
between the infinite volume reading of 43 and 44 (Table 2). Hence, ∑d2 was also calculated
between the said two values. Figure 5 shows that the minimum value of ∑d2 has an infinite
reading volume of 43.8 cm3 that is close to the theoretical value of 43.6 cm3. The slight
deviation of the experimental value from the theoretical value comes from the calculations that
are not rounded off.

III. Simultaneous Decay of Two Radio-Isotopes

5
4.5
4
3.5
lnActivity

3
2.5
2
1.5 y = -0.2524x + 4.6136
1 R² = 1
0.5
0
0 5 10 15 20
Time (min)

Figure 6. Plot of the ln of activity versus time (before 20 min)

Stephanie S. Biyo CHM172.1(H78) Act 2: Kinetics

2.5

LnTotal Activity
2

1.5
y = -0.025x + 3.6903
1 R² = 1

0.5

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Time (min)

Figure 7. Plot of the ln of total activity versus time (40 min to 100 min)

A+B
6

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Figure 8. Plot of the ln of total activity versus time (from 0 min to 100 min)

Based on the figured data above, it can be confirmed that the nuclear decay in figures
6 and 7 is in 1st order reaction as they both portrayed straight line. On the other hand, figure 8
showed a nonlinear slope that indicates a presence of two or more isotopes.

In order to obtain the k (rate constant) of B, the negative slope measured from the line
equation in figure 7 was used which gives kB=0.0250. Next, the A0 for B is calculated using
this equation: A0 of B=e^lnA0 that obtained a result of 40.0568622. Lastly, kA was measured
using the negative slope of the line equation from figure 6 that leads to kA=0.2524.