The Hindu News Analysis – 12th July 2022 – Shankar IAS Academy

S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T
T&C T&C T&C T&C T&C
1 The search for dark matter (Text and Context) 1 1 1 1 1

2 ‘No evidence states that the British created Aryan-Dravidian divide’ 4 - - - -

3 A.P.’s Godavari delta in the grip of floods 7 - 5 5 5

4 India set to beat China in population: UN report 12 10 12 10 12

5 ‘Amarnath-like events unpredictable’ 12 - 12 10 10

6 Prelims Practice Questions

@ end of the video
7 Mains Practice Questions
*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram
Page No: Text and
Context – 1;
 Part A—Preliminary Examination
Paper I - (200 marks)
Current events of national and international importance.
General Science

Part B—Main Examination

PAPER-IV
General Studies‐ III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster
Management
• Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to
intellectual property rights.
Dark matter

• Mysterious matter that fills the universe

• Completely invisible.

• Visible matter - 5%, dark matter – 95%

27% - dark matter https://scitechdaily.com/

68% - dark energy.

• Dark - do not emit light

• Matter - possess mass like normal matter.

Evidences LUX-ZEPLIN experiment

• Outer and part of galaxies moving at same • US Department of Energy (DOE).

speed.
• Detect the dark matter particles.
• Massive velocity of Galaxy clusters.
• Auxiliary veto detectors – to reject the
• Merger of galaxy clusters unwanted events

• Gravitational lensing • 250 scientists in 35 institutions - U.S., U.K.,

Portugal, and Korea.

Dark Matter

• Non-baryonic.

• Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs)

• Axion.
 Practice Question – Mains
GS – III
Q. State the difference between Dark
Matter and Dark energy? Why do
many scientists or physicists
believe in the existence of Dark
matter? Explain.
(150 words, 10 marks)
Page No: C – 4;
Aryans
• Hymns compiled in to 4 Vedas - sacred
• Followed Vedic culture.
spiritual knowledge.
• Aryan culture:
• Four varna society - Brahamanas,
Began after the decline of the Harappan Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras.
civilization.
Denoted different kinds of occupations of
Spread from north-western India to people
Ganga-Yamuna plains.
Became hereditary and rigid.
• Settlement - banks of Indus and Saraswati.
Brahmans - dominant position
• Composed many hymns - for gods and
goddesses.
Differing views about Aryans and Dravidians Dravidians - spoke the Dravidian
difference languages - Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam,
Telugu, Tulu
• 19th century - Aryans and Dravidians are
different races. Dravidian languages - unrelated to the
Indo-Aryan language.
Denoted - ancestry of north and south
Indians. Dravidians

• Recent genetic studies – no racial • Origins uncertain.

differences.
• Basically considered non-Brahmins.
• Present - 2 linguistic group of people.
• Society - casteless, gender-sensitised and
Aryans - spoke the Indo-Aryan language. egalitarian

• Present - concentrated in South India.

Aryan-Dravidian divide • Dravidians - present in Indian sub-
continent before the Indo-Aryan invasion -
• Lived in Steppes stretching from southern
indigenous inhabitants of Indian lands.
Russia to Central Asia.
AIT destroyed Dravidian civilisation and
Migrated to northwest India - Aryan or
pushed them to south.
Indo-Aryan invasion theory.
• British Raj - attempted to create a
AIT - first propounded by Max Müller.
distinction between the races.
• Some scholars - argue Aryans were the
As part of divide and rule policy.
indigenous people of India.
Propagated racist beliefs based on the
skin colour.

Led to North-South divide in the country.

 Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Consider the following statements:
1. Aryan invasion theory was first
propounded by Max Müller.
2. Jyotirao Phule opposed the view
which suggested Aryans invaded the
Indian sub-continent.
Which of the above statements is/are
incorrect?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Page No: C-7; D, H, T – 5;
Godavari

• Largest Peninsular River -

1,465 km long.

Catchment area - 3.13 lakh

sq. km.
• Flow of river - eastward

Origin - Western Ghats,

near Trimbakeshwar,
Maharashtra.

Flow across Deccan Plateau

till the Eastern Ghats

Drainage - Bay of Bengal.

Forms delta at its mouths

- after Rajamundri.
• Drainage basin:
Second largest in India.
Largest among the peninsular rivers.
Covers Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh
(49%), Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Telangana,
Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.

9.50% of the total geographical area.

• Another name - ‘Dakshin Ganga’.
• Affected by heavy floods every year
• Important tributaries
Reason - Due to River Regime:
Penganga
Minimum discharge in May, and maximum
Indravati in July-August & October-November.

Pranhita Mean maximum discharge - 3,200 cusecs

Purna Mean minimum discharge - 50 cusecs.

Wardha Basin receives high rainfall in less

duration.
Wainganga
Maximum rainfall (84%) received during
Manjra.
the Southwest monsoon.
 Practice Question – Prelims
Q. With reference to River Godavari, consider
the following statements:
1. Its origin and maximum catchment area,
both lies in Maharashtra.
2. Its tributaries Indravati and Pranahita,
receive more rainfall that causes floods in
the basin.
3. It’s basin is bounded by Western Ghats in
the west and Eastern Ghats in the east.
Which of the above statement is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) All of the above
d) None of the above
Page No: C, D, T - 12; B, H – 10;
World Population Prospects 2022 report Important observations

• Covers three areas

• World’s population continues to grow
1. World population trends from 1950 to
2050
S. No. Global population could Year
2. Trends in fertility, mortality and grow to

international migration 1 8.5 billion 2030

3. Long-range population projections up to 2 9.7 billion 2050

2100 3 10.4 billion 2100
 • Rates of population growth vary significantly.
• Half of the projected increase
46 least developed countries - world’s
concentrated in eight countries
fastest-growing countries – many to double
by 2050.
2022 - 2050
• Levels and patterns of fertility and mortality
1. Democratic Republic of the Congo
- vary widely
2. Egypt
3. Ethiopia
4. India Fertility level in
S. No. Region births per woman
5. Nigeria
(in 2021)
6. Pakistan 1 Sub-Saharan Africa 4.6
7. Philippines and 2 Oceania excluding Australia 3.1
8. United Republic of Tanzania. and New Zealand
3 Northern Africa and 2.8
Western Asia
4 Central and Southern Asia 2.3
Other major observations
• The population of older persons is increasing both in India-specific observations
numbers and as a share of the total
1. India to be world’s most populous
• A sustained drop in fertility leads to an increased
concentration of the population at working ages, country in 2023.
creating an opportunity for accelerated economic
growth per capita 2. Outflow of migrants from India - 35

• More and more countries have begun to experience Lakh - due to temporary work.
population decline
• International migration is having important impacts
on population trends for some countries
• The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all
components of population change, including fertility, 10.7. Facilitate orderly, safe, and responsible
mortality and migration migration and mobility of people, including
through implementation of planned and well-
• Population data provide critical information for use
managed migration policies
in development planning
 Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Which of the following reports are released
by UN Department of Social and Economic
Affairs?
a) World Economic Situations and Prospects
Report
b) World Population Prospects Report
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a not b.
Page No: C-12; D, H, T – 10;
Flash floods

• Short and sudden local flood with great volume

caused by heavy/excessive rainfall.

• Important feature – caused in a short period

of time - within 6 or 3 hours of the heavy
rainfall.
• Causes:

Extremely heavy rainfall from:

1. Slow-moving thunderstorms

2. Thunderstorms repeatedly moving over

the same area

3. Hurricanes, tropical storms or cyclones

and cloud burst.

Dam or Levee Breaks

Mudslides or Debris Flow

 • Area of occurrence:
• Factors influencing the severity
and incidence: Common - hilly and sloping lands.

Intensity of the rainfall Urban Areas - due to impervious surfaces.

Duration of the rainfall.

Location and distribution of

the rainfall

Land use and topography

Vegetation types and

growth/density.

Soil type and soil water-

content.
• Severe consequences:

Reasons:

No warning and occur quickly.

Destructive power + incredible speed.

Easily traps and kills people.

Roll boulders and tear out trees.

Destroys buildings and bridges.

 Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Which of the following are the factors
causing Flash Floods?
1. Slow-moving thunderstorms
2. Sudden release of water by ice jam
3. Dam failure
4. Glacial Lake Outburst
Select the correct answer from the code
given below.
a) 1, 2 and 3 only
b) 2, 3 and 4 only
c) 1, 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Dark matter
Aryan – Dravidian divide
Godavari River
World Population Prospects 2022 Report
Flash floods
 Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Consider the following statements:
1. Aryan invasion theory was first
propounded by Max Müller.
2. Jyotirao Phule opposed the view
which suggested Aryans invaded the
Indian sub-continent.
Which of the above statements is/are
incorrect?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
 Practice Question – Prelims
Q. With reference to River Godavari, consider
the following statements:
1. Its origin and maximum catchment area,
both lies in Maharashtra.
2. Its tributaries Indravati and Pranahita,
receive more rainfall that causes floods in
the basin.
3. It’s basin is bounded by Western Ghats in
the west and Eastern Ghats in the east.
Which of the above statement is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) All of the above
d) None of the above
 Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Which of the following reports are released
by UN Department of Social and Economic
Affairs?
a) World Economic Situations and Prospects
Report
b) World Population Prospects Report
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a not b.
 Practice Question – Prelims
Q. Which of the following are the factors
causing Flash Floods?
1. Slow-moving thunderstorms
2. Sudden release of water by ice jam
3. Dam failure
4. Glacial Lake Outburst
Select the correct answer from the code
given below.
a) 1, 2 and 3 only
b) 2, 3 and 4 only
c) 1, 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
 Practice Question – Mains
GS – III
Q. State the difference between Dark
Matter and Dark energy? Why do
many scientists or physicists
believe in the existence of Dark
matter? Explain.
(150 words, 10 marks)