10/13/23

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Sprinkler Types and Characteristics

Instructor:
Kevin Hall, M.Eng, P.E., ET, CWBSP, PMSFPE

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DISCLAIMER
This seminar and its content is not a formal interpretation issued pursuant to NFPA
regulations. Any opinion expressed is the personal opinion of the author and presenter and
does not necessarily present the official position of the NFPA and its Technical Committees.

Kevin Hall, M.Eng., P.E., ET, CWBSP, PMSFPE

AMERICAN FIRE SPRINKLER ASSOCIATION
Kevin Hall, M.Eng., P.E., ET, CWBSP, PMSFPE, is the senior manager of engineering and
technical services for the American Fire Sprinkler Association (AFSA). He is a member of several
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) technical committees responsible for developing the
model codes and standards, including, NFPA 1 Fire Code, NFPA 13/13R/13D Installation of
Sprinkler Systems, NFPA 20 Installation of Stationary Fire Pumps for Fire Protection, NFPA 25
Inspection, Testing, and M aintenance of W ater-Based Fire Protection Systems, NFPA 200 Hanging,
Bracing, and Anchorage of W ater-Based Fire Protection Systems, and NFPA 915 Remote
Inspections. He also represents AFSA on numerous UL standard technical panels responsible for
revising and maintaining the product standards used in the sprinkler industry. He is a registered
professional engineer in Delaware and Maryland, NICET III certified in water-based system
layout, a certified water-based system professional through NFPA, and a professional member of
the Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE). He earned his Bachelor of Science and Master of
Engineering degrees from the University of Maryland College Park in fire protection engineering.
In 2021, he was recognized as one of SFPE’s “5 Under 35” award recipients. Prior to his association
and committee work, he worked for Reliance Fire Protection in Baltimore, Maryland as a project
manager overseeing projects of various sizes and complexity for the Contracts Division.

khall@firesprinkler.org | 214-349-5965 | American Fire Sprinkler Association

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What is a sprinkler?

Photo credit: Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Company

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Parts of a Sprinkler
1
1. Deflector
2. Frame Arms
2
3. Activating Link
4. Orifice Cap (Pipcap) 4
3
5. Orifice
6. Threads 6

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Deflector

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How to define a sprinkler

RESPONSE TIME TEMPERATURE K-FACTOR INSTALLATION WATER

INDEX (RTI) RATING ORIENTATION DISTRIBUTION

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Activating Link – Sensitivity
Response Time Index
Fast Response (50 or less)
Special Response (50-80)
Standard Response (80 or
more)
Visuals
Bulb diameter
Solder thickness

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Activating Link – Temperature Rating
Glass Bulb Eutectic Solder
Ranges of temperatures Specific temperatures

Table 7.2.4.1(a) and Table 7.2.4.1(b)

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Activating Link – Temperature Rating

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Orifice – K-factor

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Orifice & Threads

Table 7.2.2.1

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Checkpoint Question #1
Compared to a 5.6-K sprinkler, how much water will discharge out
of a 11.2-K sprinkler at the same pressure?

A. 50%
B. 100%
C. 150%
D. 200%

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Attendance Poll
Please select the appropriate answer choice in the attendance poll
pop-up window on your screen.

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Threads
Minimum ½ in. threads
Up to 1 in. currently
No maximum on thread size
Minimum sizes based on K-factor
in the standard
Exception – 8.0-K Retrofit

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Sprinkler Orientation
Upright, Pendent, and Sidewall

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Deflector (Upright)

Video Credit: Viking

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Deflector (Pendent)

Video Credit: Viking

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Deflector (Sidewall)

Video Credit: JCI

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Installation Positions
Concealed, Flushed, and Recessed

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Concealed Sprinkler

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Flush Sprinkler

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Recessed Pendent

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Pendent with Adjustable Escutcheon

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Checkpoint Question #2
Which of the following escutcheons does NOT have to be listed?

A. Plastic cup and skirt

B. Metallic cup and skirt
C. Metallic recessed plate
D. Concealed cover plate

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Other Sprinkler Types

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Old-Style/Conventional
Conventional (Old-style)
60% Floor
40% Ceiling
Special Sprinklers
Concealed Space
Attic Sprinklers

Photo/Video Credit: JCI

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Extended Coverage Sidewall

Video Credit: JCI

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Extended Coverage Pendent

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Control Mode Specific Application

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ESFR Pendent

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Intermediate Rack

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Dry Pendent

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Special Sprinklers-Attic

Video and Photo Credit: JCI

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Special Sprinklers-Window

Video and Photo Credit: JCI

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Special Sprinklers- Concealed Combustible

Video and Photo Credit: JCI

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More Sprinklers…
Electrically operated sprinkler
Institutional sprinkler
Open sprinkler

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Residential

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Finishes

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Corrosion-resistant

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Decorative/Ornamental

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For additional questions regarding the content in today’s

presentation, please contact:

Kevin Hall, M.Eng., P.E., ET, CWBSP, PMSFPE

Sr. Manager of Engineering and Technical Services
American Fire Sprinkler Association
khall@firesprinkler.org
214-349-5965 x128

You can contact the AFSA Technical Services staff at technical@firesprinkler.org

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Conclusion
To receive CEUs for today’s program, you must complete
an evaluation form within 14 days after the webinar.

You will receive a post-event email with the link to the

evaluation.

The CEU credits will be added to the transcript on the

CE Credits tab of your AFSA account profile within 4-6
business days.

Thank you! Additional Resources:

www.firesprinkler.org
www.sprinklerage.com

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