Circular Economy and

Material Efficiency -
Principles, Terminology
and their influence on
IEC Standards

Solange Blaszkowski IEC WEBINAR

Chair of ACEA 14 February 2020
Jens Giegerich
ACEA TF lead
  About ACEA
 The principles of Circular Economy and Material Efficiency
 The international standardization perspective
 Terminology
 Material Efficiency in practice:
− Healthcare refurbishing example
− Circular ready design example
 Q&A Session

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 Solange Blaszkowski Jens Giegerich

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 • Advisory Committee on Environmental Aspects
• ACEA advises the SMB (Strategic Management
Board) on environmental matters
• ACEA helps to ensure that IEC standards developers take environmental
protection concerns into account in their standards
• ACEA provides a forum for the discussion of aspects and issues related
to environment amongst IEC committees (TCs, SCs and SyCs)
• ACEA writes Guides (not standards, which is the role of IEC committees
• ACEA confers a horizontal function for environmental aspects to
committees in accordance with IEC Guide 108
NEW
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  About ACEA
 The principles of Circular Economy and Material Efficiency
 The international standardization perspective
 Terminology
 Material Efficiency in practice:
− Healthcare refurbishing example
− Circular ready design example
 Q&A Session

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 ~50 million tonnes
e-waste in 2018

>75 % Earth’s
surface shows signs
of degradation
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 PRINCIPLES:

… a systemic approach to the Reaching

Design out waste sustainable
design of processes, products (incl.
and pollution economic
services) and business models,
enabling sustainable economic growth
growth by managing resources Keep products & while
effectively as a result of making the materials in use retaining
flow of materials more circular and value in a
reducing and ultimately eliminating Regenerating circular
waste natural systems economy

[SOURCE: Towards a circular economy: business rationale for

8 an accelerated transition. Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2015]
 Twelve SDGs dependent on management of (natural) resources

Circularity is a
way to achieve
responsible
consumption &
production and
other SDGs
dependent
upon natural
resources
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 Full Circular Economy Improved material use and
implementation requires circulation: products designed
market mechanisms to to last and to facilitate repair,
be supported by policy- ENABLERS & CIRCULAR reuse, upgrade, refurbish, and
makers, educational FAVOURABLE
SYSTEM
DESIGN AND
PRODUCTION remanufacture; easy EoL
institutions and public CONDITIONS disassembly; use of
opinion CIRCULAR standardized parts
ECONOMY
BUILDING
BLOCKS
The shift from linear Take-back mechanisms to
to Circular Economy NEW CLOSING
MATERIAL
return products and materials
BUSINESS
requires new or revised MODELS CYCLES to use. Reutilization includes
innovative business products and parts reuse,
models to replace refurbishment, remanufacture,
existing ones and materials recycling
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 Circular Economy has broad
scope involving social and
economic aspects, but also
regeneration of natural
systems, which are not in the
scope of the IEC

Resource Efficiency expresses how (natural) resources can be used

to deliver sustainable development while minimising the
environment impacts.
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 Material Efficiency expresses how efficiently
materials are applied to deliver a function
and the extent to which they are kept in use
For many years, the focus of, e.g. legislators,
has been the improved Energy usage
(Energy Efficiency) of EE products
With the increased demand on the use of materials, and the
imminent scarcity of (natural) resources, legislators extended their
focus to the material usage and its preservation
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 PROMOTE
Longer product Consume less (natural) resources
life using less
(raw) materials Design products to last longer

Lifetime extension Reuse / Repair / Upgrade

of products and
parts Refurbish / Remanufacture
Use phases

Recycle Waste phases

Useful purpose for
materials at EoL
Recover (e.g. energy)

Landfill Dispose
AVOID
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14
Material and parts selection
(use less materials and give
preference for used parts
and recycled content)
Dematerialization

Products designed to last

BY DESIGN

Design for life extension

CIRCULAR READY

Design for end-of-life (incl.

design for disassembly)
Repair

Upgrade

Refurbish
Repurpose
STRATEGIES
Reuse products

Remanufacture
LIFE EXTENSION

Product take-back
Harvest used parts
Use already used parts - in
new, repaired, refurbished
or remanufactured products
Materials recycling
END-OF-LIFE
MANAGEMENT

Reuse products and parts

from the waste stream
 • Use less materials and refrain from using raw materials unless you
have to; give preference to use already used components and
recycled materials

• Extend or give a second (or third) life to your product; make it easy
to repair and upgrade

• Facilitate repeated use of products by different users

• Design for end-of-life

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 Material Efficiency
Energy Efficiency
Environment
Material Efficiency
Safety
EMC
Performance
Hazardous and/or
regulated materials
SW/FW and Data
deletion management
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 LIKELY TREND
Products will be required to last
longer
Products will be required to be
reused (multiple users)
Legislation will require increased
reuse of used parts
Legislation will demand more
and easier product repair
Legislation will require increased
recycled content
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POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCE
What are the implications for safety,
performance, reliability, SW update?
Data removal and security must be
guaranteed
In the future, “new” products will
contain used parts
Minimum requirements for parts
reliability? Are tests needed/available
for repaired products?
New ways for guaranteeing
compliance, safety and performance?
  About ACEA
 The principles of Circular Economy and Material Efficiency
 The international standardization perspective
 Terminology
 Material Efficiency in practice:
− Healthcare refurbishing example
− Circular ready design example
 Q&A Session

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 • A number of international standards, needed to prevent or
reduce technical barriers to trade, are under preparation by IEC
and ISO
• In Europe, Material Efficiency requirements are being included in
the Ecodesign Laws and, with it, the number of requests for the
development of Material Efficiency standards for products
increase
• Some countries are already forging ahead with the creation of
policies and standards to support the Circular Economy and
Material Efficiency
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 IEC/TC AREA Documents / Topics
HORIZONTAL

Environmental • EoL information / recyclability rate calculation [IEC TR 62635]

TC 111 standardization • Material Efficiency considerations in ECD [IEC TR 62824]
for EE products • Material circularity considerations in ECD (under preparation)
Dependability of products containing reused parts [IEC
TC 56 Dependability
62309:2004]; Stds covering other aspects like reliability
Safety household WG 49 created to clarify CE and ME terminology, study and
TC 61
appliances consider basic concepts ensuring safety
PRODUCT

• Good refurbishment practices for medical imaging equipment

e-Equipment in [IEC 63077]
TC 62
medical practice • Refurbishment of medical electrical equipment, systems and
sub-assemblies [IEC 63120]
Rotating MT 13 focus on refurbishment
TC 2
machinery
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 ISO/TC AREA Documents / Topics
TC 207 TC 207/SC1 Environmental management systems EMS — Guidelines for incorporating material
ENV Mgmt circulation in design & development [ISO/DIS 14009]
AHG1: Proposal for WG ‘CE – Framework, ISO/PWI 99004 Circular economy — Framework and
principles, terminology, & MS standards’ (ballot) principles for implementation (ballot open)
AHG2: Proposal for WG ‘Guidance for ISO/PWI 99010 Circular economy — Guidelines on
TC 323 implementation and sectoral applicat. (ballot) business models and value chains (ballot open)
Circular
Economy AHG3: Proposal for WG ‘CE – Measuring ISO/PWI 99020 Circular economy — Measuring
circularity’ (ballot) circularity framework (ballot open)
AHG4: Specific issues on circular economy NWIP TR Performance-based approach for CE
(functionality, product service system, etc.) (prepar.)
• Recovery & recycling of plastics waste [ISO 15270]
TC 61 TC 61/SC14 Environmental aspects
• Standards covering topics such as biodegradabilty,
Plastics (topics of relevance for circular economy)
compostability, biobased plastics
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 Offered to IEC under Frankfurt Agreement

CEN-CLC (JTC10) created to

develop: DOC. NR. Methods to assess Material Efficiency aspects: Status
TR 45550 Material Efficiency terminology DTR
• Assessment method stds EN 45552 Method to assess durability Appr

• Dual logo, generic or EN 45553 Method to assess remanufacturability FV2

horizontal EN 45554 Method to assess ability to repair, reuse, upgrade Appr

• To be used as start EN 45555 Method to assess recyclability and recoverability Pub

EN 45556 Method to assess proportion of reused components Pub

to develop product stds
EN 45557 Method to assess proportion of recycled content Appr
• Cover ErP EN 45558 Declaration of use of CRMs Pub

EN 45559 Communication of Material Efficiency aspects Pub

ETSI focus on Circular

Economy for ICT ETSI TR 103 476 CE in ICT; Definitions, concepts and metrics Pub

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 SDO AREA STANDARDIZATION DOCUMENTS
CLC Household WG 23 created to prepare Material Efficiency standards (covering e.g.
TC 59X appliances reparability) of washing machines, dish washers and tumble dryers
Standardization request to follow new ecodesign legislation for Electronic
CLC TC Audio, video and
Displays covering Material Efficiency (design for repair, reuse, dismantling and
100X multimedia
recycling, etc.)
WG will be created intended to develop standards related to Material Efficiency
CEN Gas heating
requirements for gas heating appliances; Std request for boilers under
TC 109 appliances
preparation
Standardization request covering Material Efficiency is under preparation (e.g.
Servers and data firmware update, data deletion, repair and upgrade, disassembly, and CRMs).
ETSI TC-EE
storage Mandate makes links to horizontal CEN-CLC JTC10 standards (EN45554,
EN45558 and EN45559)
New standardization requests covering Material Efficiency are under preparation
CEN / CLC Various for construction products, commercial refrigerants, machinery, medical devices,
etc.
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 • The Circular Economy, and in particular Material Efficiency, will influence other
disciplines like Safety, Energy Efficiency, Performance, EMC, etc.
• It is important to ensure that the protection of the environment does not result in a
detrimental effect to other aspects (safety, EMC, etc.). A holistic approach is needed!
• Increased focus on e-waste management and product lifetime extension will push
manufacturers to change the way they drive their businesses today:
− business models like sharing and lease will likely drive products to be developed to last
much longer than they do today
− multiple reuse and repair, reuse of components and increased recycled content will
become commom practice in the future; IEC standards need to be prepared for it
• Limited supply and scarcity of materials are expected to drive the need for
development of new technologies

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  About ACEA
 The principles of Circular Economy and Material Efficiency
 The international standardization perspective
 Terminology
 Material Efficiency in practice:
− Healthcare refurbishing example
− Circular ready design example
 Q&A Session

25
 • Today there is no complete or accurate overview of definitions
of terms associated to Circular Economy and Material Efficiency
• The existing definitions are often created based on different
contexts, often conflicting with each other and there is, often,
no common understanding of the same or similar terms
• Example: “reuse”

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 1. process by which a product or its parts, having reached the end of their first
use, are used for the same purpose for which they were conceived [EN
45554:2020]
2. activity of recovering components and materials for further use without
reprocessing [ISO 21070:2017]
3. any operation by which products or components that are not waste are used
again for the same purpose for which they were conceived [Dir. 2008/98/EC]
4. use of a product more than once in its original form [ISO 15270:2008]
5. use of a pre-existing artifact [ISO/IEC 19501:2005]
6. use of a part which has served as constituent of a product, after
disassembling, as constituent of another product [IEC 62309:2004]
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 Term Related terms or concepts Available source
reuse product / part reuse EN 45554, ISO 21070, IEC 62309
reusability
repurpose
prepare for reuse (waste)
remanufac- repurpose EN 45553, ISO 16714
ture remanufacturability
reprocessing
durability reliability EN 45552; IEV 192-01-21; IEC 62308; IEC 62309
dependability Product specific: ISO 28842, ISO 19867, ISO 11108
maintenance preventive maintenance EN 45552; IEV 192-01-28
corrective maintenance Product specific: ISO 22716, ISO 16204, ISO 21225
repair repairability EN 45554; Product specific: ISO 16204; IEC
upgrade / upgrading 62353:2014, IEC 60601-1 Ed3 AMD 1
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 Lead term Related terms or concepts Available source
refurbish refurbishing Product specific: IEC 63077
refurbishment
reconditioning
recycling recyclability EN 45555; EN 45557; IEV 901-07-10; IEC TR 62635;
recyclability rate Product specific: ISO 22967, ISO/IWA 19
recover(y)
recoverability
recycled (material) content
waste
circular circularity BSI 8001, Ellen MacArthur Foundation;
economy ISO (DIS) 14009:2020
resource material efficiency IEC TR 62824; ISO (DIS) 14009:2020
efficiency energy efficiency IEC Guide 118, IEC Guide 119

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 • Today there is a lack of harmonized terminology
• It has been proposed to develop a new IEV part on
Circular Economy (with focus on Material Efficiency)
• TC 1 (Terminology) will circulate a DC proposing to set up
a Joint Working Group
• If you are not a member of TC 1 but are able to provide
expertise for this proposed JWG, please send an email to
the TC 1 secretariat and to <terminology@iec.ch>
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  About ACEA
 The principles of Circular Economy and Material Efficiency
 The international standardization perspective
 Terminology
 Material Efficiency in practice:
− Healthcare refurbishing example
− Circular ready design example
 Q&A Session

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 50%-90%
of materials saved

1 ton of plastics
and metals reused (CT )

20 years
of refurbishing and
market acceptance

2 IEC Healthcare
Refurbishment stds

CHALLENGEs
32 Take-back & import bans
 Targets and KPIs driving the business towards Circular

In line with Philips’ 2020 ambition Circular Revenues identified:

By use of software and

Services offerings

Targets/KPIs were defined for

Hardware (re-)use
different businesses:
• On Circular Revenue level
• On product level (Circular Projects
33 and Circular Ready Requirements)
• Circular Economy Circular Revenue

Philips defined 8 circular revenue categories

Software revenue Service revenue Hardware revenue
Optimizing Analogue to Performance Upgrades Commercial Refurbishing Parts Recycled
resource use digital and access Upgrades / life time
extension on-site or
returns Refurbished, harvesting content
Software optimizing Digitization enabling Remanufactured
Performance and remote Re-use of commercial products/systems Refurbished, Products with
resource use use of generic HW Access based models returns Remanufact. parts recycled content

Performance Digital ECG Lumify is a flexible Philips SmartPath Every year, 1 million The Diamond RAPID* program Performer
Bridge is a flexible sensors that subscription service is an economical products are returned Select program reuses 50-70% Ultimate vacuum
suite of services remove the providing access to way to enhance from dealers or offers refurbished parts / materials cleaner contains
that provides need for transducers, app existing Philips consumers - Personal healthcare from returned X- 36% recycled
analytics enabling dedicated and online systems to current Health has developed systems where ray tubes plastics**
efficiency in use of monitor ecosystem. The technology or capabilities to resell customers can
resource-intensive hardware subscription service increased and refurbish (if benefit from
hardware devices reduces upfront capacities. Key needed) these state-of-the-art
costs to help components are returns, aiming to technology at a
clinicians improve upgraded so that combine more affordable
patient care the system is like sustainability and price *RAPID stands for Returns, Analysis, Parts
34 new consumer experience recovery, Improvement and Data collection;
** Compared to total plastics content
• Circular Economy Circular Economy ready business requirements

Circular ready requirements

Critical Some impact Minor impact

Circular software Circular service Circular hardware

Optimizing From analogue Performance Upgrades Commercial Refurbishing Parts harvesting Recycled
resource use to digital and access returns content

Circular ready requirements

1. Easy to clean, sterilize

& restore aesthetic state X
2. Secure and private
exchange
3. Easy to assess and Packaging only
track performance
4. Easy to disassemble,
repair and re-assemble
5. Modular design for
forward and backward
compatibility
6. Standard, durable
element selection
7. Sustainable material
selection
8. Easy to dismantle
back into pure materials
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  About ACEA
 The principles of Circular Economy and Material Efficiency
 The international standardization perspective
 Terminology
 Material Efficiency in practice:
− Healthcare refurbishing example
− Circular ready design example
 Q&A Session

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 Please write down in
the Q&A feature
questions you still
have

The questions (incl.

answers) together with
the webinar will be
available on the IEC
academy page:
www.iec.ch/academy/
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 Remaining questions may be sent
offline to academy@iec.ch

Solange Blaszkowski IEC WEBINAR

Chair of ACEA 14 February 2020
Jens Giegerich
ACEA TF lead
 Ms. Solange Blaszkowski holds a B.Sc. in Chemistry from UFPR, Brazil, a M.Sc. in Physical Chemistry from the UFRJ,
Brazil. In 1997 she received her Ph.D. in Catalysis from the TUe, in The Netherlands. After working for few different
companies, in 2000, she joined Philips in the Netherlands, holding positions in public-private partnerships, sustainability
and product safety & compliance, respectively, at Philips Research, Consumer Lifestyle, and Lighting. In 2015 she joined
Philips Intellectual Property & Standards to take up her current position as Director Standardization Environment.
In the field of standardization, Ms. Solange Blaszkowski holds the following chair and membership:
• At NATIONAL level (Dutch NC), Ms. Blaszkowski is chair of the mirror committee for IEC/TC 111 and CLC/TC 111X and
for CEN-CLC JTC10. She is also member of the mirror committees for ISO TC 207 and ISO TC 323.
• At EUROPEAN level, she is member of CLC TC 111X on Environment, the Joint CEN-CLC ECO-CG (Ecodesign
Coordination Group) and CEN-CLC JTC 10 on Materials Efficiency. She is also the convener of CEN-CLC JTC 10 / WG 6,
on communication of critical raw materials and material efficiency.
• At INTERNATIONAL level, Ms. Blaszkowski is the chair of IEC ACEA and she is member of various IEC TC 111 groups. She
is also member of ISO TC 207 on Environmental Management and ISO TC 323 on Circular Economy.
Ms. Blaszkowski holds few awards, namely the IEC 1906 Award (2018) and two Philips internal awards (individual award
from Philips IP&S in 2016 and a group award from Philips Lighting Quality and Customer Satisfaction, 2015).

Mr. Jens Giegerich holds a B.Sc. and M.Sc, in Chemistry from JMU, Germany. In 2015 he received his Ph.D. in Physical
Chemistry from the JMU in Wuerzburg, Germany. He joined the German Machinery Association and worked primarily in
safety and performance standardization. In 2016 he joined Vorwerk, holding the position of Manager Technical
Regulatory Affairs.
In the field of standardization, Mr. Jens Giegerich holds the following chair and membership:
• At NATIONAL level (German NC), Mr. Jens Giegerich is a member of the mirror committee for IEC/TC 111, CLC/TC
111X, CEN-CLC JTC10 and ISO TC 323. He is also a member of few other non-environmental mirror committees.
• At EUROPEAN level, he is member of CEN-CLC JTC 10 on material efficiency. He is also the convenor of CEN-CLC JTC 10
/ WG 2, on durability, and CEN-CLC JTC 10 / WG 5 on recyclability and recycled content. In addition he is convenor of
CLC TC 59X / WG 23 on material efficiency under the umbrella of TC 59X on performance of household appliances.
• At INTERNATIONAL level, Mr. Jens Giegerich is member of ACEA and leader of the TF Credibility. He is a member of IEC
TC 61 WG 49 circular economy and material efficiency and TC 59.
Mr. Jens Giegerich holds the young professional award of DIN (2019).
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 • INFORMATION: Circular Economy and Material Efficiency
− Various publications in IEC e-tech magazine and SMB newsletter.
− Latest published: e-tech, Issue 1, 2020 “Giving a new shape to the economy -
Industry perspective on the circular economy”
• GUIDE REVISION: IEC Guide 109:2012
− Will include aspects on Circular Economy and Material Efficiency
− Will include requirements on ENV horizontal function (acc. IEC Guide 108)
• NEW GUIDES UNDER DEVELOPMENT:
− Ensuring credibility of environmentally relevant provisions
− Harmonization of halogen content terminology
• More about ACEA at <www.iec.ch/acea>

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