PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

(Book-based and Patient-based)

Predisposing Factors: Precipitating Factors:

Increased Age (57) Hypertension (2021)
Gender (Male) Diabetes Mellitus (2021)
Heredity Cigarette Smoking (2021)
Previous stroke Alcohol drinking (Occasionally)
Race Other heart disease
Socioeconomic Factors ↑LDL cholesterol (110.44 mg/dL)
Poor diet (Salty and fatty foods)
Physical inactivity
Obesity

Lesion to frontal
lobe Atherosclerosis
(Broca’s Area)
Build up of plaque deposits in
walls of blood vessels
Spares the lower
extremity, affects Thrombosis
the upper extremity
and face
Blocked blood vessels

Cerebral Hypoperfusion

Impaired oxygen and

nutrient delivery to brain

Tissue hypoxia and cellular

starvation

Cerebral Ischemia Left hemisphere damage Aphasia

Right hemisphere damage Left sided agnosia

Decreased blood flow
Ischemia in the middle
cerebral artery (MCA)
Motor and sensory
cortices of upper limb and
face damage
Contralateral
hemiparesis &
sensory deficits,
visual field deficits,
aphasia, agnosia,
apraxia, agraphia

M1-MCA M2-MCA
(Sphenoidal segment) (Insular segment)

Spares the lower Lesion to frontal Infarction of Lesion to superior

extremity, affects lobe occipital cortex temporal gyrus of
the upper extremity (Broca’s Area) temporal lobe
and face (Wernicke’s Area)

Spares the lower

extremity, affects
the upper extremity
and face