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asked Oct 21, 2018 in Biology by Richa (61.0k points)
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(a) State how the constant internal environment is beneficial to organisms.
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(b) Explain any two alternatives by which organisms can overcome stressful external
conditions.

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organism population environment cbse class-12
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1 Answer Home Science

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answered Oct 21, 2018 by Rupa (63.1k points)
+1 edited Oct 22, 2018 by faiz English
vote Hindi
(a) (i) A relatively constant internal (within the body) environment permits all Aptitude
biochemical reaction and physiological function to proceed with maximum
Reasoning
efficiency and, thus, enhance the overall 'fitness' of the species. Hence, the living
GK
Best answer system always tends to remain in a steady state with the help of a self-regulatory
Olympiad
mechanism. Such a phenomenon, which involves the maintenance of a constant
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internal environments, is known as homeostasis.
CBSE
(ii) Regulate : Maintain homeostasis by ensuring constant body temperature RBSE
(thermoregulation) and constant osmotic concentration (osmoregulation). General
MSBSHSE
(iii) Conform : Change the internal environments with the external environment.
Tamilnadu Board
(b) Living organisms cope with stressful external environmental conditions in Kerala Board
many ways, such as :

(i) Regulate : Maintain homeostasis by ensuring constant body temperature

(thermoregulation) and constant osmotic concentration (osmoregulation).

Example : Mammals regulate body temperature by shivering in cold and sweating in

heat.

(ii) Conform : The internal environment of conformers changes with the external
environment.

Example : In aquatic animals, the osmotic concentration of the body fluids changes
with that the ambient water osmotic concentration.

(iii) Migrate : Some organisms move from a stressful habitat to a hospitable area
temporarily and return when the stressful period is over.

Example : Every winter, migratory birds come from Siberia to Keoladeo National
Park, Rajasthan.

(iv) Suspend : In higher plants, seeds and some other vegetative reproductive
structures serve as means to tide over periods of stress besides helping in dispersal-
they germinate to form new plants under favourable moisture and temperature
conditions.

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