Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols.

496-500 (2014) pp 812-815 Online: 2014-01-16

© (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.496-500.812

CNC lathe drive system design

Mingqing Wu1,a, Qiang Li1,2, b

1
Shandong Transport Vocational College, Shandong Weifang, 261206, China;
2
School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China;
a
wmq1977@qq.com;
b
ljzylq@126.com

Keywords: CNC lathe; Transmission; design

Abstract.According to some of the original data on the machine lathe develop some parameters,
according to the proposed parameters, transmission scheme compared to determine the transmission
scheme. Calculate the transmission ratio of the transmission and gears vice parameters, and the gear
and shaft strength, stiffness checked.
CNC lathe main feature is the main motor drive system with dual-speed motor, control method is
not entirely CNC, instead of using manually and electronically controlled dual-mode operation,
within a certain range to achieve electronic control gear. Applied in a very wide range of C6 CNC
lathe transformation, with wide adaptability. The overall design is to compare the transmission
program, draw speed chart, cabinet and internal structure of the design, including the design of
shafts and gears, checking and so on.

An overall design program development

nmax nmin
1.1 prepare the main motion parameters( , ,Z)
The initial design of the machine, you first need to determine the relevant parameters, which are
transmission design and structural design basis, affecting whether the product meets the required
functional requirements. Under the proposed parameters,Specifications and other characteristics,
nmax nmin
Learn typical cutting process, Learn speed limit , And series Z, main drive motor power N.
1.2 Motion Design
Under the proposed parameters, through the network and the speed graph structure analysis to
determine the structure of the program transmission and driveline map. Drive a variety of programs,
it is the design of many types of transmission, such as: focus on the transmission type drive shaft
gearbox. Separate drive headstock and gearbox; extended range can be used to increase the number
of transmission group, can also be used back wheel, gear and other types of branches; gear types on
either a multi-speed motor, can also be switched gears, sliding gear, utility gear and so on. Then
calculate the transmission ratio and the gear teeth.
1.3 Power calculations and structural design sketches
Estimates gear modulus m and the journal d, selection and calculation clutch.
Each transmission parts and other parts in the expanded view and a sectional view on a preliminary
arrangement, layout and design.
1.4 Checking the shaft and gear
Based on the structural sketch of a drive shaft and gear stiffness and strength to be checked.

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 Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 496-500 813

1.5 spindle gearbox assembly design

Spindle gearbox assembly drawing is a sketch of the structure, "papers", designed and drawn.
Diagram of the parts to be expressed clearly, and indicate the size and fit.

Two parameters proposed

2.1 Turning the main parameters (sizes) and basic parameters
This is determined by economic type CNC lathe lathe C6140 converted from, according to the
mission statement on the conditions provided by:
This CNC lathe spindle speed can be divided into two tranches level, a total of 12 Speed: which
level of two tranches each have six speed,
Low gear when = 340 /, = 45r/min; high gear when = 1800 r / min, = 235 r / min;
This lathe maximum turning diameter over bed 400mm, spindle nose type for the C6; Spindle bore
diameter of 65 mm;
Spindle taper metric 70; dual-speed motor: where motor speed and power was 1000/1500 r / min,
4/5.5KW.
2.2 Determination of levels of speed
Known spindle speed is divided into 12, is divided into two tranches level, where high maximum
nmax nmax nmin
speed To1800r/min， Minimum speed nmin To235 r/min； R1= / =1800/235=7.66,
z −1
R= ϕ

Motion Design
3.1 proposed transmission scheme
Develop transmission solutions, including transmission type selection and the opening stop, change
direction, braking, steering, etc. to determine the whole drive system. Transmission type refers to
the elements and variable speed drive, institutions, and its composition, arranging different
characteristics of the transmission type, gear type. Transmission scheme and type and complexity of
the structure is closely related to a relationship and work performance. Therefore, determining the
transmission scheme and type, from the structure, process, performance and economy, and many
other uniform consideration.
Determine the drive group and the transmission group number of transmission pair. 2,3,2,
respectively transmission pair of three transmission group programs for the gifted.
3.2 dual-speed motor

Two-speed motor common ratio ϕ = 2 =1.41。This design is economical CNC lathe, using
electronic control and manual modes, the needs for structural design, the design uses two-speed
motors.
3.3 The method for determining the shaft speed
The transmission ratio and the motor speed can be calculated for each shaft speed;
3.3.1 Ⅰ shaft speed
get movement from the motor shaft, the transmission system into all levels of speed. Speed and
spindle motor speed should be close to the maximum speed. Clearly, from the transmission parts at
high speed when working under constant power to consider the minimum torque suffered, Ⅰ axis
motor speed will not drop too low. But if Ⅰ shaft with friction clutch a class components, high
814 Frontiers of Manufacturing and Design Science IV

speed, friction loss, fever will become obvious contradictions, therefore, Ⅰ shaft speed should not
be too high Ⅰ lathe spindle speed generally take 700 ~ 1000 r / min so more appropriate . We
would also note that the motor and drive shaft Ⅰ ways, such as with pulley drive, droop ratio
should not be too large, and the spindle tail might interfere.
3.3.2 The intermediate shaft speed
For intermediate shaft speed considerations principle is: proper solution structure size and noise,
vibration and other performance requirements of the contradiction between.
Intermediate shaft speed is high, the intermediate shaft and the gear to withstand torque is small,
can make the shaft and the gear modulus smaller, which allows compact structure. However, this
will lead to no-load power and noise increased. Know from experience: the spindle speed and the
speed of the intermediate shaft, should be revised according to the actual situation: 1) For heavy
cutting larger power tools, spindle speed generally low, intermediate shaft speed appropriate to take
some of the reduced height structure size effect was obvious. 2) high-speed light load or precision
machine tools, the intermediate shaft speed should take lower. 3) peripheral speed of the control

gear V 〈8m / s ，In this condition, may be appropriate to use the higher speed of the intermediate
shaft.

Speed chart prepared

Motion parameters is determined, the spindle speed at all levels has been known, but according to
the design out of the gear transmission ratio at all levels, so that you can prepare the main
movement speed chart, so that the main movement has gradually specific.

This lathe focus Transmission: common ratio ϕ = 1.41 ,Progression Z=12, Speed range R = 1800/45
= 40.

Axis design
Machine shaft, widely used as a rolling bearing. To install the gear shaft, clutch and brakes. Shaft
should ensure that these transmission parts or agency to work properly.
Shaft should have sufficient strength and rigidity. If the deflection angle is too large and will make
poor gear, bearing operating conditions deteriorate, the vibration, noise, load power, wear and heat
generation increases.
Two shaft center distance error and parallelism between the axis of assembly and processing errors,
etc. can also cause these problems.
Therefore, in the design of shaft to fully consider the strength of the shaft stiffness and other factors.
In the selection of materials and estimated diameter must satisfy the condition, even after
completion estimate the strength and stiffness of the shaft to be checked.
Main shaft design of each part of the shaft has a reasonable structure and size.
Factors affecting the structure of the shaft a lot, so there is no standard form of the structural axis.
Design, must address the specific circumstances of the shaft concrete analysis, a comprehensive
consideration resolved.
The structural design of the shaft main requirements are:
Mounted on the shaft part has determined position. And reasonable layout.
Axis reasonable force to reliably transmit force and torque, helping improve the strength and
stiffness.
 Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 496-500 815

Has a good process.

Easy to install and adjust.
Save material and reduce the quality.
Ⅰ shaft (input shaft) Design
Ⅰ axis features: 1. The motion passed gearbox gears, generally installed in the shaft, the shaft large
deformation, the structure should be taken to strengthen the shaft from the shaft with stiffness or
tension (pulley unloading); 2. If Ⅰ shaft mounted forward and reverse clutch, clutch parts because
many components, assembled in the box is very convenient, generally looking outside the box will
Ⅰ shaft assembly into the box after a good overall (even the best pulley also assembled on top).
Unloading device: the power to the pulley shaft Ⅰ There are two ways: one is directly mounted on
the pulley shaft Ⅰ. In addition to torque transmission, the belt tensile force acting on the shaft. The
other is the pulley mounted on bearings, bearings mounted in the sleeve (flange), and pass only the
torque shaft, radial force from the fixed to the box on the sleeve bear. This structure is called
unloading device.

Acknowledgement
It is a project supported by the colleges and universities in shandong province domestic young
backbone teachers visiting scholar.

References
[1] Cao bang, easy Xilin, Zhang Yufeng, Chen Tian Yang, Wang Changchun. Spindle gearbox
design guidance Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 1987.
[2] Xujin Kang, Cai Huiguan, JIANG Tong Yang. Mechanical Design, Beijing: Mechanical
Industry Press, 2001.
[3] Zhang Xinyi. Economical CNC system design, Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 1993.
[4] Wang Bo Ping. Interchangeability and Measurement Technology, Beijing: Mechanical Industry
Press, 1999.
Frontiers of Manufacturing and Design Science IV
10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.496-500

CNC Lathe Drive System Design

10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.496-500.812