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  • 4 BlackSea ChemicalVariationDepth

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    Luisa Rueda Garzon
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    The Black Sea has strongly stratified water layers due to dense deep water that is isolated from surface mixing and oxygen replenishment. As a result, its deep waters are anoxic and contain chemically reduced species like methane, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia that are usually absent from oxygenated seawater. This unusual chemical environment affects iron, which exists in its more soluble ferrous form, allowing iron sulfides like pyrite to accumulate in Black Sea sediments.

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    The Black Sea has strongly stratified water layers due to dense deep water that is isolated from surface mixing and oxygen replenishment. As a result, its deep waters are anoxic and contain chemically reduced species like methane, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia that are usually absent from oxygenated seawater. This unusual chemical environment affects iron, which exists in its more soluble ferrous form, allowing iron sulfides like pyrite to accumulate in Black Sea sediments.

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    13 views1 page

    4 BlackSea ChemicalVariationDepth

    Uploaded by

    Luisa Rueda Garzon
    The Black Sea has strongly stratified water layers due to dense deep water that is isolated from surface mixing and oxygen replenishment. As a result, its deep waters are anoxic and contain chemically reduced species like methane, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia that are usually absent from oxygenated seawater. This unusual chemical environment affects iron, which exists in its more soluble ferrous form, allowing iron sulfides like pyrite to accumulate in Black Sea sediments.

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    Railsback's Some Fundamentals of Mineralogy and Geochemistry

    The Black Sea IIIb: Chemical variation with depth


    The Black Sea is a strongly stratified body reduced species such as methane, hydrogen Earth's oceans, Fe exists in its 3+ state and
    of water because its deep water is much more sulfide, and ammonia in the deep waters. forms oxides and hydroxides. In reducing
    saline than its surface water. The difference This makes the Black Sea very different from conditions, however, it enters its more soluble
    in density between surface and deep waters most of the world's ocean, where at least 2+ state and, in the presence of reduced sul-
    precludes significant vertical mixing to trans- some dissolved O2 precludes the presence of fur like H2S, can form iron sulfides like grieg-
    port O2 to the deep water, and decay of sink- those chemically reduced species. ite, mackinawite, and ultimately pyrite (FeS2).
    ing organic matter consumes all available O2. Another chemical entity affected by the Thus the sediments of Black Sea's depths are
    As a result, the Black Sea's deep waters are anoxia of the Black Sea's deep water is iron unusual both in containing much organic
    anoxic, allowing the presence of chemically (Fe). In the oxidizing conditions typical of matter and in containing abundant pyrite.

    Oxygen (O2) Methane (CH4) Nitrate (NO3-) Ammonia (NH4+)


    Salinity (ppt) Temperature (°C) (micromoles) (micromoles) H2S (micromoles) (micromoles) (micromoles)
    18 20 22 8 10 12 14 0 100 200 300 0 8 16 0 200 400 0 2 4 6 0 40 80
    0

    Hydrogen
    Temperature Sulfide
    400 O2 (H2S) Oxidized and reduced
    forms of nitrogen
    Salinity
    Nitrate
    800
    Ammonia
    Depth (meters)

    Methane

    1200

    Chemically reduced
    species not present in
    1600 almost all seawater of
    the open ocean

    2000 Location: 42.951°N, 39.114°E


    12 March 2000

    Source of data shown: Yakushev, E.V., et al., 2008, Vertical hydrochemical structure of the Black Sea, in Kostianoy, A.G.,
    and Kosarev, A.N., The Black Sea Environment: Springer Handbook of Environmental Chemistry v 5Q, p. 277-307. LBR BlackSeaChemistryProfile01 5/2010

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