Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MEASURES IN FARM
OPERATIONS
1. Land preparation-
covers a wide range of practices form zero-tillage or
minimum tillage which maximizes soil disturbances. It
typically involves plowing to till or dig-up, mix, and
overturn the soil, harrowing to break the soil clods
into smaller mass and incorporate plant residue and
leveling the field.
2. Planting-
are practiced in crop farming. Planting may be
done by hand or on some sites by machine.
2 two methods of planting
• direct planting
• indirect planting.
3. Irrigation-
• helps to grow agricultural crops,
maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed
soils in dry areas and during periods of less than
average rainfall. The goal is to apply the water to
the plants as uniformly as possible, so that each
plant has the amount of water it needs, neither
much nor too little.
4. Fertilizer application-
is carried out in such a way to replenish the soil
nutrient levels removed during the growth and to
optimally maintain physiological health of the
plant. Farmer apply fertilizer either directly onto
plant or to the soil.
5. Harvesting-
is the act of removing a crop from where it was
growing and moving it to a more secure location
for processing, consumption, or storage. Before
the crop can be harvested, the grower must be
sure that there is a demand for the crop and that
the price is sufficient to make harvesting the crop
profitable.
HAZARD, RISK AND EXPOSURE IN THE FARM
• Hazard is the potential for harm, or adverse effect on an
employee’s heath. Anything which may cause injury or ill
health anyone at or near a workplace is a hazard.
• Risk is the likelihood that a hazard will cause injury or ill
health to anyone at or near a workplace. Risk level increases
with the severity of the hazard duration and frequency of
exposure.
• Exposure occurs when a person comes into contact with a
hazard.
TYPES OF HAZARD
• Physical Hazard-
includes floors, stairs, work platforms, steps,
ladders, fire, falling objects, slippery surfaces,
manual handling (lifting, pushing, pulling),
excessively loud and prolonged noise, vibration,
heat and cold, radiation, poor lighting,
ventilation, air quality.
• Chemical Hazard-
includes chemical substances such as acid or
poisons and those that could lead fire or
explosion, like pesticides, herbicides, cleaning
agents, dusts and fumes from various processes
such as welding
• Psychosocial environment - includes workplace
stressors arising from a variety of sources.
• Biological - includes bacteria, viruses, mold,
mildew, insects, vermin, animals
• Mechanical and/or electrical - includes
electricity, machinery, equipment, pressure
vessels, dangerous goods, forklifts, cranes,
• Ergonomic hazards
are a result of physical factors that can result
in musculoskeletal injuries. For example, a
poor workstation setup in an office, poor
posture and manual handling.
FARM EMERGENCY PROCEDURES REGARDING
SAFETY WORKING ENVIRONMENT