A Researcher’s Guide to SOURCES on SOVIET SOCIAL HISTORY in the 1930s Edited by Sheila Fitzpatrick and Lynne ViolaNS23 -RA 1990 Researcher's yuide to sources on Soviet. social 920130739 CConyright © 1990 by MB. Sharpe, Ie All igs seserved. No arf tis book may be reproduced in any {cm witont writen permision rom he pobliner M.E. Sharpe, 1c, AD Business Park Dive, Armonk, New Yor 10808, ‘Ava inthe United Kingdom ad Buope fom M.B. Sharpe, ‘Library of Congress Calalglng-to-Pulietion Data A Researcher's guide to soarces on Sov soci stayin he 19308 "ted by Shia Pepa snd Lye Visi Tec ilgrapbirefereacs KaNowrmyr8 1. Soviet Union Soci condieas—1917- —Hiorogrphy Bigg. 2. Soviet Union—Soil condions—1917— Source Biblograpy. 3. Sov Unian-Socl conics 1917- Lie rowan 1 spat, Sheil Vila, Lyne Z6s.S6sR67 1989 ND 16.306 '347 U5043—dc20 810673 Prin nthe Une Sates of Americ ° peg od wy wo a7 6S 4328 Contents Preac:Inrodoctory Nets for Researchers “pane Vile Introduction: Sources onthe Social History of the 1936 Overnew and Coins "Sls Ppa Archival Resource rom the 190 and 19386 ‘Soviet Archi! Development and Reterece Aide forthe Sac! Historian, "Pita Kemedy Grind Archival Resear nthe USSR ‘A Prati Gude for Historian Gale tothe Smolen Archive “h drch Gory Annoal Reports of Industrial Enterprises in Soviet Archives ‘tea HlcotalSouree for the 19308 'B Becborodoy ‘Gude to Docent Seis on Cllectvetion Appendix: ora lolli shoe tess SSSR: ‘An Amott Bibliography 123 ‘ne Vile Guide to Document Serie on Indastilization “Leis H. Selo Laws and Adminitrative Acts Stoces aa Finding Ais ater. Solamon, Je ‘Stattel Soares forthe Siody of Sot Seca History In the Prewar Period SG. Wheto M6Newspapers and Journals ‘Shale Peparick ‘Legal Jourals an Soret Social History ‘ater H. Solomon, Je Soviet City Dietories ‘Aypondix Ysa Mas, 1927: Ost of Conta 211 ‘Arvo Bs Availity of Soviet Deteies 216 “I arch Gets ‘Perestroika athe Study of Sources on Soviet Seca History ‘Aspenix: Soviet Computed Dua Bases” 220, 2 Drobiche Power, and AK. Stoo Soviet Meniry a Historical Souree ‘nel Karon Gide to mgr and Dent Memo Literature “ral Karntge ‘A Note on itary Sources ‘Mark von Hagen Appendices ational, Republican, and Reonl Newspapers ‘Conte by tne Roser on Shee peck 1. Mapr pliers Go Rati) Sekt kt ant bet sovaguper (1930s ies) D. Reference works ov nevpagen atin of sewappe bigs 1, Stenprape Reports of Part, Sov and Other Metgs {Congnts, Coton, Pon, Shh amped het Peri 1n”Pay cngencs,cnkece, sd pean 3 Srctcmgrene! ao soviet commie . Ober songs, cote, an! megs ‘Notes on the Contrfivters 116 Er ass m a 2s Preface Introductory Notes for Researchers LYNNE VIOLA ‘aoctovednte, the say of sores, i highly developed sip in the Soviet Union The Iter on this opie sa ad spcnlit sre wn from among Nsoraas ws well fom archivists, bbigrptrs, and lirics. The sy of sources in west Slavic stn, capella, nin compan, ‘athe weakly develope. Is pactoners nmin inde profesional ee Ss and blogapers. Htoran slim discus soorces a frums para rom sori wecng and vevews. Yt source arth very food of th sri’ ‘steqise. Deron amt stale of sure shoul be an ner prt of he ‘rofesin. This epi so nth cae othe ny Of Soviet ison ane in ‘hich nope ouilyundretinaeor Gms th ours be, Whit Cannot be dened that research in Soviet Hstry—and pata i he sol sry ofthe Stalin perod—ie «eile ndertakng here sbusance a Sitereat types of sores avaiuet Weer scl. Precinlybeeus of patel dortions, taieations, and cemosip ofthe Stalin ens, hoes ‘out dole thier to sss the sure ae say emp tr ecach _enpectiveby wing dite pes of sources, nd share bloga infomation wi ellagcs. Developing & proficiency io tochlovedente fs pees ‘o understanding and interpreting the matte ofthe ata provided byt secs ‘An understanding of content equean understanding of form In fone ase ‘derstanding othe tread orn of sre ei, rece ay Fn ‘their approach to content rls f Soviet nemesis fate San psed t ‘0 al th ileret fom ht feet Dds ad te ioe prod The dy of toutes is an inegnl element inte afvencenest of cur rowedge tg war. Saigo Soviet ivory owl agi component he mation fe ‘The csys in hs elleton ar nen parinly to rade the erin elt ofitocniovedeniein Weer aes Russian and Sv istry. Some ‘oft ssn rgd as paper presen athe oartetthAnmal Conon of ‘he American Asvociaton for he Advancement of Slavic Sais in Washes,D.C. oo 15 Oxaber 19 ina petted, “Sours forthe Sota History of be Peer Stn Per,” and Iie abled nx speci soe of Fusion ison! Hiaire Rae 2, ns. 2-4 1985 Sisal nee xg papers have ter tee mony revision, and ae costbations have een added wih he gol of roving ido coveige of soe yer In adtion, he eos dace focas ‘clinton vrs on Sov Ronis orc overage oh oe-Rosian ph ‘is ean etiay spate miter, Senecring a pein ucolgy. Te eon thus comand In his Bok ste bo ltd a reference wok ut ata, ‘dncosions of ures an presention of bbiographie vey. Toes inode {ony ner rove ne bs nformaio freeescer, but for gona reference ‘puposs he eer fer to Woeh Zalews's exe) bp Find Ine of Ruston Reference Moki he Humans and Soa Sciences (Nes ‘Font Rasen 1985, Aso owe ae Karl Males Gude 0 Ruston Reference Books, ol I: Goer! Bibliographies and Reference Works Sanfrt: Hove, 1962) av 2: Astor, Hic! Scenes, Ethngraphy. Geography (Saar Teor 1964), which, atioaph dite, are ill wef as inroduary gies to ‘sca. TheOnoratibliograpir S.C Siamoesispettaps mor iatsycratc [nts rail of lection, bu Bs Busan Biography brates and Archie: 1 Selecive Lit of Bibliographical References for Sader of Pasian Histor, Lieraare, Plc, Socal and Pilophical Thought, Theology and Lng: (Onfr. Aoay C. Hall, 1973) entsine sme sree infomation ad amber Sats ttre ot tote od eeenere Mention shoo lobe made of he 00- ber ction onthe Soviet Union (by Jeny Ble, the bain ofthe Cente or Resin and ast European Stes ofthe Universy of Bing, Engl) in {Geen Wilke Oficol Publication fe Soe nie and Eaten Burope, 19451980. A Seer Amotated Biography (London: Manel Pblictions, 192), Altioagh his biography formally coves oly he postwar pects facta bp forthe prewar period bres ef Ks thrones and excep tional clay of orgenation Tse more may be soplemened wih te ah nl suey aileron ference tials puihe in Ratan Review an Slavic Rovew For detailed desrpion of pce ore type nl piso the Soviet pero, the vender shold cont the Soviet erate ox stockovedenle. Patou) ‘tefl wake are lohnlovedne itor SSR, ded. (Moscow, 181) an teh tilovlene nr owe obshchert Ute Iteranry (Meow, 198 vod etc on cure orbs] reserch tochdevedel tori vente obihcheato, 4 wl (Moscow, 19041982), ellacos of ates 00 ‘pri topic ad soc pes wih sve itiopapie section each vl- Une: Matton lc po sol nochnamichesol Isr svesago ab “hehe (Moscom, 1979). «sus and survey of satel sures by a Ceilectve of ading Sov horas and Problemy ioinkavedena (Mose, 1929-196, ese iwod analy ut now dotinaed) wih tes on Rae sian wa Soviet oceans, ‘Researchers shold also be aware oft many guides to cures pubicatons of 7 books and serials in he Soviet Union. These reference works form he nses- sary framework fr research in he dsp od low eae fo say op fate wih recent Soviet publications The following ea lig ofthe bake ‘ide ‘blicgrafiadanit Abani Nauk SSR Monon Leningra 1957). Ane Eshepehit gouudrsrnne oral ono pal RSFSR. el = cow-Leangra, 1927-193), covering books pled in 1925-1929. "hep ing SSSR (Moscow, 1936, 1946-), This sre cating he bore pblcaton with seve te apes. Bsn ‘rica eps Moscow, 1907). Wey Vitigs of new publications Letops procs dol SSSE (Moscow, 1933). Prom 1954, ie aie wih separate ses for newspapers, journals, and seblary wri eg, Usher api, Bee, Tu), Asus 1954; fo 19560197, pled in Sear ‘mula velomer aaa fr 1970 Novia coves tera pe auhchesvenay auton, noi, artheloia 4 emografia (socom, 1947). Announces Soviet Ace of Sect pb ‘ons Monthy. ‘Nowe big! SSSR (Moxow, 1923-), Anoecesfotcuating publications, Waly ‘Obshchesrenne nak! SSR. Reet sharma. Ser: seria (Maso, 19732), Absacs of now boks, Publis aie er eas (ears shal ss ons he te eis of is pbtiationin partic the sein on nw ad om conics) ‘These works sold be used in conjuction wt Soviet iors og rapes, sucha he flowing: ‘Bblografia vent! Bibiana (Moscow, 195-), Anne bs Han, channel graft pool (ign, 1985), 1. P Lapunow and L. G. Kaonenko, Katalog Bbllograicheth utente ‘pion ternary. rponenth 2a 1971-1980 a. (Nove, 198} ‘Weternilogaghies of Suvi suds nde American Bbilogapy of lve an Eas European Sudier, an anal pled by the American Asci.oe {or the Adencemsat of Savi Sais and European Bibiorapy of Sve, Est ‘xcopean and Stone Sues (Biringha, 1978), lo Sted anneal. In sion to wors cn itachitoedoie a gids to cet piictons, ‘there i large an essential body o erence erate onthe peril pes. The ‘et ingen general reference werk foc sera Peviodchdata peck" SSSR 1917-199. Biogrfchesi ast, 9 es, and inder (ood aka) (Moscow, 1955-196), which enabler thas {0 ideafy the jours that nee pad in thei fide of Interest (ee ‘abo elie, ad 0 on). Location of se journal fainted by Hal « av ‘ary of Sone Serials, 1917-196. A Bibliography and Union Us of Sere Pablhed inthe USSR, compile by Rul Sits, 2 vol. CWaingon, D.C Lirary of Congress, 1968, although unfortunatly his book it fr fomcomple i of aings ic US. ai hery Sah 19171900. Bolopefchal proce, 5 ws. Moseom, 197-10), hc lice aroun epee eae aed Corr fier infrmatin on hs wate an eT Mion, Util sodrdania ras! shrnaioy & pode shia lant, 1755-190 gp (oncom, 199). “The wigan og ih wren Lp’ periods {akin SSSR eo ae rere ole Tp cron! com, 336), We pif to, 1985). Mot {Capi arnamth tei Moon 526). Wek tsresion on peiciapobs oas of te SoviUnon ay been in te twig a of Sov! ond at arpa Emit Peal cane ASEEPL) A garry me ‘Tae Coury of sion Sor, 1917-168 Cumaative Ide of Serle ‘te Cut USSR comps by Mite Scooby NA il 4 {St (New Yer Ren ook Cer Ab, 197-173, tice priest anor Rs SSR 1918-195 ‘tons ate po che a ay SSR, 195). Sov cha eso ped arg ty of erence works deo ogy of pete lope, Tc wos a pene oa of feces faye on ih nvr mel ene (irae) nd “ite lane Some marcos ine US. soa Sire Dion he New Yr uc itary, spellers o ogee eri. mse he serene clon oad on of eating er 3 {Ute Lay cave any a exe wrt Te fowing worse nog ‘any ane plot oral logan oe so ei Ary of ie Sala proar yas “Ch Clash aoa SSR Amon ake Bae st poo paar na tom ages nah XK po 182.2 wt toon Ts 8 wera che nav SSR Sov prio. Oki! 1917-187 migra ow, 0. ‘ora preprint SSR. Ube! sonia ley 1917-1978 se, 3 Oko, IP. sino dro 1917-196, Ut rary (945-1967 a) 4 seit loom 979) Tha sone dro (1917-197 Ute! Merry U945-1877 2 vee Onc, I 5) "AL Sapiro, Biba ito SSR (Moscow, 1968). Scale dati SSR. st eae nan ei 1926-1970 gsc, 97D, ary iano v 1917-1980 ag, $ os. (Moscow, 1982-85, “Raoch ass SSSR, 19171977 gp. Uae” aovet irae fam ¥ 1917-1977 a. vale Moscow, 19), ne Soit Union, Western shears cary ost th eterch iy a Moscow and Leningrad. Theos inpertan irae for Western colin Meco te isin Library (Gondarvemalaordena Lenina bts SSSR ime ¥ 1 “Lenina, the State Hier Library (Gouden pbc erie biblia RSFSI), TNION (stn neucnago isedownsabshhetenth oak Alder nauk SSR) nd the Gorky Library euchnlabibltls iment ‘4M. Gor loge Mosloslog nies imen M.¥ Lomonoto) (ebay at ‘he neem of Maria-Lilan appease of ts 0 Western shar) In Leningrad, Weaer searchers work malay the Sly Shchedin Public Li lary (Gosuarsmaiaordena radon Kamo examen publica bibl. eka Inet M. E. Salon Shchedrina) tod ot BAN (Bathe Alademi nauk SSSR). The lire of he Aeadeny of Scien (INION ad BAN) bave te es. ‘working conitons for Westerns, ahoug he 1968 Gre at BAN hl he temporary sing of much of he ray. Useful gulds wo Sov are fcnde the fllowing “Blinc Alademl nauk SSSR Sravochik (Moscow, 1959), ‘Bole SSOR obihchesvenn-paliichesogo, flloichesag? | aso sedehesloge profil, Spavchih (Moscow, 1989) ‘ble Leingrada.Srovciok(Mesiow. 1963) ‘lites Menkes Spano (Mose, 1979), ‘bloat RSESK (Moscow, 197). lore solumyah raph et RSFSR) (Mow, 1974) [leh vyuhith uch sede SSSR. Sproncin(Moszow, 196) Pascoe po Gondarstomel bleh SSSR iment V1. Lani (Mono, 1939) Prevail po Gesudrarennlpubichnl bitte ment ME Salykons ‘Shchedina (Latins, 1962. "The suongest colons of Soviet materi in the Unio Se ae inthe Libary of Congres, be New Yor Pale Library the ais of Cabin sn Marvaé universe, te Hoorer laste, andthe Univesity flint Ur ‘ana Carpe. One ofthe finn lv eeene departs in the Unie Ses ‘Sate Uaeriy olin Urtann Champaign where the Slavic ogapere nbn ate prove paral tlpl thts tying lose oder Soveboks und serial puicatons. Th mot afl ding ie for Sov pul tations in U.S, Hes ieclode The National Union Catalog: and The Sle {rile Union Cag for Pre-1936 prints CTxova, NI, 1980), which per Seles he Chile Unt Catalog (New York, 1982). Researcher shal sa be tue ofthe cag of Save rezates collections ied by Harvard Universi, (he Hoover Instinton ad he Ualversty of Calon at Berkeley. Fall, te New Yo Pubic Library Reference Deparnent be pblihed «Ditmar Caran esata resource forhisrian of th 1 nd 1930s that canbe fun any ‘evar ary “Tse itor note entended provide an emeatary tas fr research in he meal sory ofthe prewar Sala ears. Researchers shuld consult te [vera eornce werks meson shove andthe says in his colton for mare {ual infomatono specifi ourer and pete reference works nd finding A Researcher’s Guide to SOURCES on SOVIET SOCIAL HISTORY in the 1930sIntroduction Sources on the Social History ofthe 1930s Overview and Critique SHEILA FITZPATRICK. ‘Social history has only eceaycome tothe fore ia Western Soviet stoic, The bul ofthe werk of is on 1917 he cv ns, and he NEP ped fhe 190s, for hich soi histaytoures are abundat end compre ace The Sain ‘eid preset greats (pclae te Fit Five-Year Pas ya 18-1932), since te sour ae fewer uno te air ei onthe cote ‘more ai censored. Ut rece, Wester scalars ual sided thi id ary becabie of a problems and partly case hi ateton was fae ‘lia nd eccnonc questions ruber tha social ons. In ie ps few yea, Sowever, serious rsa has begun on may ipece of he tll Msn ae ‘Sulin period, Thee are a suber of rece dsetins tnd monte th ist Five-Year Pn peed, and istrian ae lo pshag fered tote 8300 nthe proces they are acquing experts on diferent type of sores, cof ing the specie rien of resach in bin ara, so deveopingtcaigpet tn seis for coping wih her. 1 seems aa appropri te to pel ot ‘aowledgean research experience rhe eae colar already wrkogin tbe feds wll a6 sens and scholars contemplating ual iory rset oo the 15300 nthe volume, wehavestouto cove ebay of esting source ater ‘onthe oi sry ofthe 190s archives, statistic, nowpapers andor replatons, decors, meneis en Wogrpicl it Each type of suc e ‘del with separately neces by acolars with special enperte or experience in ‘ing th ouce. The tof yoo are iso prove ma oeiew of ‘estes and esoures onthe soi his oft 190, ing information on some "apes of cuce ot covered by individual contr, and ising the spec robles and poses of research i thi fl, ihigeaphy Lyne Vil's Inrodastry Notes for Researchers provide the base itngrapical‘norm ceva Rasa histor fe Sv ro. Sct with pe ‘outer epernse eatr eas nth orth 130 ey edo Tit ger umouns of mati fore smal etn win toppers oman he Conventions ed poles oa ‘Sai ns fel, My Sv book oot even uber ad have {obo aloe nse te ayer tery "cron aor, see nef te atintne rnpnation espns picatn). Max Sov yevo pp in ray tos ony ade i copra sor ad “Tim opr urs have band fei in he ag of major ssh infest bes ny fang wo reac ‘Sepik de mst poms fe cnprse naire and an he ees For Svet Sinvbee separ ator ofp kmpuruce 8 "Rania (9D) SUS." “Sov Uni” orb Soviet Fras, "Soe Soesith Sot alba Regu) Many cts aeto be oad under he me of Svs fovetnmetinttetion Cg Rania 123~.Neoly! fama hot nts pk” Ra 1923~ Taea we opal sar ‘ralaveaogo set,” ano 03 “Kou ora ore aur socal mw plc ioe is “Komment porta Sovetogy Soi” (be sane in bh US. at Soi Ira eaalbp) Ths pn eading covers veil eed lea fury rps wll ar cel party organs epert and mater From puny congises on cofrass reer togeer weit he cling “Xommunicedn para Sovenogo Souza. Seay (Kone- “er eorporte sos wih many ashlee ona wie ng of ts are "Konus laden” fre ie 1920 ad ext 1930) a8 "Aalomin nuk SR” ie olive aur hia works can ene tinsel dwn under "Asari wok SSSR, ait ot (ast SW “The Or-Lie Cato oft Lira of Congres (OCLC) another Satin coin crag hn far proved ippnting eres fo strane of te {83d None hbase very noch reeset corverson hat, ting {ocd mn) 00 yw Tid wu for p90 matin, Mareove, thre ens pele or Soi bri with exch prcines OCLC Ye buit ino aston, OCLC cnt asl apex coroner Bags (Cp onan pra Sonetaogo Star. Tet Kote Soaps esac ein fo lag oromt toi "Kommaistiche ‘lana Sovton Sian ist inform he seat ha re oa) ies tner the ding pay." pt Dicinary Cato fe lave (Ctr ofthe ew To Pa arya wl be age mt tl an ble ‘cee Wek for hts Sov pro, eps thos wow ies euros morose election archives ‘There are thre artis on achives ia this volume, Parla Grid (Archiv Resores fom the 19205 ud 19309) descbesthe oration of Soi archies ‘som he perspective of an achiral expert who is slew view the yer in Inert comparsive pespeive. Lyane Voi (Acival Recrch toe USSR: A Patil Gui for Historians) provides ses guide Sov archives rowing on er ove pact experieno of rsa ote early Sti eid we a extesive reading of elo Soviet achat. J, Arh Get (ide tothe Solent Archie) dace th mot spniiat Sv na ashe aval hein the West. Tals she oly archive fo which Wester scolar ave de, ‘unneinad acet, nd alo the only Comin prty chive eable ‘Wenen ach ‘Acces to Soviet archives of the ulin pero in tbe USSR) hat bee major problem fr Ween schol. Tere ata aunber of reason fortis. Fast Soviet ores have tainly ben supine of focignes an teed to ute ‘choy research with ineligencegtrig, Second, chil acess fora ty, inching Soviet, was svelte under Stalin, dhs cttinad abe ‘cenit eticed in the pos Sali prod. Tir, moch ofthe eli and {overumesal maura tht in met counties would be stored in the Nationa ‘Archive is located inthe Soviet Union Comma pty ther tha Soviet ate tuchives The eon axes to party archives (or Soviet sr elle Western ‘cholis) Aas teen tet only Cosmunit researches are eligi: Thi poses ‘euliar obstacle to any Heralzation of src sczest fur frsign schol Fourth lively high proportion of ll bueaura documents wee Clasicos contin Ht seerete(aared "seven," sorrthenne sere," are selves,” and 0 ce) I the Sain pid. Tis was part 8 faction oft ‘revalingpoliea paranoia of he ar, bt le Teli station in wich ‘here ws oe berencrat paper ia ulin tan fal wer ling a ate to read. In practic, the chstfeaton of traction sn opr a "ste" was fen jot way of tagging the docuneat as highpoint, Clery, weve, i reats probes for Soviet archi ia handing foreign rues ‘oracles of th Sia pred, the 1960s, Soviet histeran sara opi ocumess rom te erchies ia ‘pec seris, Publication of chil documents slowed own tnd vitally haled ‘in te Brahe period, but Soviet schol are aow, nto Inte 198, cling fort ‘evn of hs pe of pblition* Te wo major ext cllacton forte Soviet soda dacs i this volume by Lyne Vil (Gust Docent Seis oo Caletivition) and Lewis Siegln (Gait Docueat Sere on Inti. ization) Ths discussion supplemented by a sai, wea fri volume by 4 Sori sori, of» particular Qpe of nda chia cae, th total enerpise report (A.B. Besbraoy, Anal Reports of Invi Esters ‘Soviet Archives a Mistrial Source forthe 130),Inthe pst, when Western sla a ite iret acceso Soviet archives f he ‘lin pv, thre wes comer apesation soot he depee 1 which the ‘ches might have bern corre by porging a dssin of dames The ‘or caged east be Sint repme undertook sysenatican wholesale nro of archi documents to conzal evince of ts ries were lvns Somcxfutinpinsle expecially aec the Solem purty ecive became rail Sitar say pve wey to conse avg by bola who ate sedtcingobing er contro Ox poi domain. nan ti ten or ‘Srvelame, Oe Svar V2 Deas. Prova and AK, SOL (Gisluts ei he Sy of Sources on Sov Schl inary open wp eo tank an mining scion of doce ming fom te Sv ‘Tete (or alt 197 ppution es) apr f Sens ch 8 ca ets ant dans ut wee never dag prseved ecw Of Sv ‘hal pace i the pst nara pit of ganas, Beahoradoe (Aaa iq onal Ener) to rable igh he eee a {lonna chart of spe of echelon, wel ay oF pray soe mas tote problems explored by Drbishe and his collages, sve cy pra uf Soviet Tending nd breocte pe f OS ‘Sain Pern aid be wted. Sal's Rusa a n may other costes st ‘Siul spores edo ep erin scion a even a [fats oftfomationl decent ot ofthe breocrti ear as pose. Siow trom be Solna Archive, fr ete, tha rm he ety 19508 ‘Nena pry opie seed copra repr oft leary esting Teicha cosa Coe tat wee ntellowel to rein hem for es Stet eur, mshed “Srey eee Podlaworan," bdo be eared Minis tev wens to Oe Oxy Ski fe Cx Commitee. Tas “Stans fre does sot recon opr of Cental Commit lene, ‘Soognitdona ede econ of tc cep and ubegent retarn* Tey ae report bower in he wrt son of he Soviet Central Paty ‘Rives uP thre afew Svs hss fae ery ee ae ‘rye ad tee se ao elsihing ad pubis hn he est few yar "Pr ar ter eases bees formal sons nd prokbiont wo ext ‘Sih crumtace rsvre rel plies and frig ison. adn ‘pte Solem Archive sch dteorson occured toward hv endo 1997 88 Rat pesumaiy bec of he inpct of reste, nomeplacenent of penonel, tn Serato he baenicrny' sly of Gsreto Kp records. The se ‘SSjgurty tre oft cary wartime prod. Accoring toa Svit historian who arTeotad im te Mininy of Defense archives for canal gue forte fit bo rte AY eee act evooresicd (shad been suspected), but rhe were never collected adequy.* ‘Laws, regulations, and deco ct cental party organs For years, America Sovisoopas endo feu primary on part dco tad Ignore th laws used by Sot nd repainan goverment. This a resahly onc onthe usuotion hat ie partys leaden, ot be govertmeat. was eel taker of poy, ough may alo have ben party a mater of coeiece ie ‘sty reciting fever td shorter What might eel he ce Soc Toll sours (Wich, of core, remain exes for Soviet Ritorns) were Salas collected works, the party newpaper ronda ta basic elections of pry resoltion and th vo pat joule Buh (cow Komal) ad Zest {aK (rom 1929, posh under he ile Portince ales) as only i conprstively recent years hat Western scholars began to make yematic ws of he Sov avs and the admintratve replat of particular {overmet breach ar the sabjet of Petr Solomon's ate, Laws ant ‘Adminsttve Ac: Sores nd Fndig Als Yet spl do ines change, t ‘Saeady gute necessary foundersore te imporance of atlas 88 poy source, sae toby who consuls tis vlume sly ever to have dob In aiditonto he asec of pation ied Salome’ rite, swath ight many Iwan epsliions wee ao pblubel in newspapers esa, tbe government ewepeper te son cle place wo lok for laws and ahet ‘documents iulg om Sovarton, jst as Pravda is the st place lok or ‘evltion aod declan of he party Cena Commits ae Pure The xe inci plies © decisions and regulations of te major goverment aes, "Those of Vesa (te Supreme Conc ofthe Nao! Eznson), te Commis tient of Heavy Indury, and oer insti mites wee ma alo be uid ie eins nevapaer, Zandt, Those ofthe Com ‘vat of Aglare and nso lke Kllharsen shuld be sought be ‘preulurlsewspape Seialisticheshe zemledele Regulations of te Comis- SHE of Laber (otis demise in 193) and dso of te Cental Come of “inde Unions woul be cured bythe bor newspaper Tr "Ter are smunber of taf contemporary andreas colton of awe and ary reoltons on specie tbject the economy." abo collie farms trade unos, te Sovies, "yous education and clue, and on ‘Goverment ed party ntttos were ot the only coer ome deco tx lane raglcons ht ar of tngortanc oscil hitrian. Tex collec alae tion fhe Kenvcrol ed te nde nina ae of peril npr, ot je enue ofthe materi ty include (ich a jo omission) tals beets of ‘Be eddonl materi they cable cet eae. Bot th Kose and the de lees were ina sat fran wert houghou modo be 1950s. of the consouences, each cas, was th thy mos ceased to eld ational conte ‘Gacat, and qzmortily kept such’e low profile tat it a fica bo beep track of thdcvs nd polices, Bat bth be Kono! Cesta Commie nt Cnt ‘Counc of Tee Unis (VHS) tld plenary meting fay regu. The aes ‘these plenum can te merained fom he documen collections (respective, Trertich Kontomal and Proocy SSH) Is hen pmb © cms Be ‘eleva cwspper (Remon al prvdsin theists, Tad in tesco or (td and fn revamp, not ony of te papers ad ecuins of he ‘lesa bau of the discussions (pen. ‘Some pocal somamnts one Htre's us laws ae appropriate Wester Soviselopt ave often soured at all orders give in he Stain perod wee io ent since his wa a tthoriln poversmeat which did ot tera ‘Etnbediens frm it owe ffs or the poplation. Soviet historians of the tration pe were ly o make the sume sump, bei fo diferent re. ‘ous Toe ssption lent vil ani istoians ofthe Sov perio should Cethate te sune stopsi about mpleneoution flaws and order ts com fp oer bunches ofthe hinoeal profession. They shou ete, moreover, Be ‘equa iw suniard fda of lavsand pricy of pry resolutions ‘wich ofa veld efeive cmmnicac of th Ces instons and te ‘rio responce reoied fom lal offical. The dating was siaieasly ‘eee to 1930 han ad een i the 19205 ‘Soviet nwa and pry resltons were equety honored in he breach eer tan iseborance, For eamgl, law iting We sizeof pasa’ primte Hos10 “Thecares cans be ken tel eric ha ocares wasthe acl elie ‘nutinam afer prealgton of thelaw- Hower, sch ala does emblews tod the inference th acta maxim before nw was probabiy ofa reer ‘hectares, Smal, an nsruson ts foriding new calles grades take jeter nth fil spe thm oot consti ice a {revenmoet gradunts tok tei tsgned jos. On he contrary, tes he robbn, he more stonpy ky be nerd ut tae employers were breaking ‘Be rales by ofering jobs to pradates nt sine to them, td pads wee ‘raking eres yiakng them, The arf ede offs ad ints shod [evs tree peal, fey, mponedon ellen inettions nd nv (2 ‘owor en ply tpi hat ais ay be wing to tre ind ye on Inaction) The rar tou li be lett epeton of te seme istration ed admonitions oer pesiod of ear, or thse that fal poly bas een {tplememed ely partly far, an tht tbe cal suation contin todiverg> tom ta eed by the pllomaen Sates “This mbt is dscused ath oame by Stephen Wheto His arte, Stisi- {al Sores, rover seve ofthe vaable stitial plato and inten tome of te problems of wing thm Tri generally copizd ta Sov statistics ofthe 1930s are problematic The very low ntl at east the mi-180s. Comparative few dts were clleted and fever public, and what wa publshd tended be aie, preceed in soc ‘ways to emgperate Sovie sctivements snd canceasorteamngs. Ln postr vod some economists in the Wet made abt feta ccc ancl te ‘Shen igh mieading gure ied by the Cena Sisal Aniston of the Soviet Union.” The ners of Soviet sora In etre: Riso in ‘reasd eotceaby inthe 1980s, 20 jut a4 by grout of glamor” tos @ ‘fessional esomedon reed rowing ep! or quantitative metalopies, (Ge dation in Drobiche, vos, nd Shan, Pereira and the Soy of ‘Source. Our ease V.Z, Dreiser and bis clean at ine Laboratory of the Sector of Soviet History, Site Hisorical- Archival Inte, Movcom, nee song the laders of his tend. Histone working in th Soviet sry ction of the Init of History, Philology and Posophy of th Siberian Divan of te ‘Acadeay of Sciences, Noes, ao made note contbaton otha Soviet demographic iso, sng sail daa ra fn Stein ecives> "We wil presumabiy aevec have stati dat nt 1930 and 140 compara ew ave forth 920 or he poet Stalin es. Oe ofthe reton th ‘ean ypes of socal data wer inp ot colette in Sain ‘sid. Wid regard to eallcive farms, or example, te regime's gle minded ‘Precepaton wih out and procures eat Wa he fam were regu Provide ver lite infraton nn anol oor that wast ety led {dine poduton Beyond the most ai tao, fr engl, be mabe of ‘nlthow households an ther breakown io ml nd female working ge (c= _potcbnye and dependeat mene, the eporare meager sore onthe ilk 1k tse, Fo itera wishing to fil at wha Rn of dat ere cally Collected on various pis inthe 19305, te UNE ural Pla, which sone tines provide practi introns fo sat aens in tefl, ran excel Even with regard to the beter quality stitial dt of he 1900 ed ery 1930s, te satis preocupation with cis org acl postion eet ‘rblens ote historian. For example, ss iscussdelow, te survey of Come ‘iss, adminisratve personel, and speci round da ba i which ia ign i one ofthe Cal indies. But ll he data collected on cae st be ‘epaded with corals septic, bth eu of he cuiveness ofthe cates Stenelves andthe mate advange fo individuals ast With ang ‘elt oF poor pest op. ‘Almost ay soil historian working withthe Socal statis of he 19208 and 1920s i ely to encounter protien of serpeaon with the wlgutos as miss oly ete) spied in spero. AL nai a ecessry © ‘pend conser cor etlishng jet what war at a given da nth he varios clas nd cl euagoves® ut there ne ao nba problems, sen with the" god” sat dta oft 1920s. The 1926 pepltion cnn, fr eae, seer vary of prelrsbyigaras Mara anew eaeseme a ch tw sin nt of a ni rf the mean of prourtin- 1 thus nosed = arltie ving Tine ‘Cioran ant nda workers ans of te tn population. AL he “Sarto, wih rear tothe peasy pureed the wl-'be-wisp of ess ‘irctnion ovo help pepo, and by comparison with th comtemporary ‘fics produced severe underetuingofpeasatothodal 1 te vas, ‘Nemspapers an journals tarhivolme a general survey of Newspepes and ours provide nan atic CO Silariupasck, which wpplemend by Appendix: Nana, Republican "sRepona Newspeer, Therese spare wetnents fone porta pe of ‘Jvmulnty Peer Solomon, Je (pal ural and Soviet Soi Histo), S.C ‘caro (on economic watt asa a is are Sutstial Sorc) a Mark von Hagen (A Not on Miltary Source) "Th sc cert aposed one pest and puliching in gear ia te Sali cto obvi ene of te Neri's major problems. Inthe newspaper. ly nod aonpape. ane strc enerpadin he 1930, hgh-Dows, ‘Sooo an lands Tat was the period of exact basting sbot real and ‘map scleemest (Manin Gory evn elise pew "tick ora SIENA content) and eno boot ites ad ars. Fro th mig ‘9, large sets of ti wagers mere vor fo rai hi many social ‘Aeesians hngh olay ep as les efor xampl pbtograps a Formal Dographis of Saarovie workers and pass. ‘Tee cums can serve to itt the prblens of the Stalinist rest a8 2 sores ml a iy. Te int cooernconemporary press eves of be {Sond famine eta on ben poled out tut he pes was seat about te Sa aiding le "Dying ingen" "Caso o ag,” et isloer dees grt hare" whose ject red ote Chon ee Cimon eran ofthe meron oer pr of be word legs ack Telit wine of 902-5" Nevers, sone of tere Boop tases dope te ctl pe, pve ee and et covengo TiDed pies te cute bec ead fi, {Stic pena reftng tog ot nto he Fl, on of veoh, nd sae sive onion aga lion vlogs. These wee formally wb ‘Sins aco of tans. a be Nec Gna neon Molt, whch Froid party godcoer ofthe bt, rae ain om “commenting darkly that class enemies were “trying to stage ta) 2 ie" ers aged re creer pense the ost ee cle ed when 700 ay ology dhas undermining the notion that che The second eae els oh Gre Pages alii fin, hs wasnt ssembetotasnpe po cneap, seepage me flof ei crus Ste prove of cena, série ste eager ies of bpp nt py, government td tele, exec ei hot 1907 te, tse port aly (ght rch) ope he pi ‘erst "anny wa nove fem al pn, woe png om ‘cect provasof are impricaney patch ur apron Be tet te mtonl sd hereon res poised» walr of noration na ‘ily edb Rstorin—on te Purge pos, vise, ad te cis it ety cme render of romins indi edr in Dpopetovsk were ident fedus cae nmi oe poplin an pry eno ing 1597, for ean the lc movpper Zena gee tae dns ears overage, tnt flowed op wk see fein on te managment of Doepopeovi's major erties bl on inet evexigtine repring ‘The Kish pet Toler ek, rove tang yo eres of ry nore on ni pig we 337, TS eau wih pr of enc oft can party sey, Khao ‘oppal coving 10 woe), hte press on eral pry eran to ‘pe hin pli ye cent Pry Corl Comins Eastern reese lave: moved on 1 Marsal Blser’s compromise propos dat Khan be Aixmised trom his postion sob ere an cde wi accu of the recess behavior af he Fs Scary ofthe Far Eastern Kir, Vrs (me soon bea Pre vic), who not on alowed Kava se te Far East with party card imac, but eve et im 5500 robles from aio fds provided him wi a rescred sa on he in oat he eld go 0 Mowow aad fre fis cae in person” in 196-3, afr» change of policy calle 0 mas pring, the covered the Great Pups ry al, ie dtlig reba noes ‘tin abd deserting te ences ud abuses ofthe ve agit eerie fe ‘role, Thisind of wo-tatcovernge— tere” andar" perspective on ‘onbl vein chartritis of heprest nd er Soviet sore of he Stain ‘od tn schol nol owe aca on orang te reach, Anew arty otgoverament policy wil obvi be dated i Serial portive tot {primis rms whe ine i's nga, alegre may be ome open ot ‘Asopan argument on he sue in hep pif the promalation of eno Policy. Aloatneiahy, towers eine wloone wc poly aanone fr stanly oid; and his when tbe newspepers eur ote sty, ‘covering roma quite differea ange and often providing mach mare npocie dazonthe sj than th fis te sound, (ne css of th 1937 demons ad ‘Sr, ve mee ally to play, he tart 938 andthe second year Titer fer the XVII Party Congres) The zevogpective coverage wil fate ‘isan ofthe deplore excesses toca with past "mis," ging oek- Standing cso te ol poy te hance ai hele arguments nd presen he ‘poring evidence, For conplet pita, bth "before and er” orea ‘hood be compulsory reading fore Nistor. ‘Stengrapi reports ‘re win enon enmating en fil confers td et ent Rein Dlih enero), epost Pong oe tr be chs ef chiens Te psa se satiety pss ated ned iz Taew muy cto trea, bt etn ore ‘Sobces er netics Wie omoerih ea ‘Roce canofente doce cne hak treme et ‘any frst songs vers wie ae ong SURLEC' GS oat” he ue ohn of pear re fo ca ‘oan, Rep! party cores, pre oe seid fk ed Saas cen f pone On a fey af cnt e of Scinsevic) we wobiyeie at clcie iran este Sa veces, eer nr ence fo pro hr ow ia prec Aen Goro Rep of ary, Sv nd Ge Met itp mee Ine ft tse, ne conc nl oer camping al ne potent ator arern cng ““ cmepent ‘and confer particularly “he nerepepi epors on pry congress ones wf epely hn ef mpl poy ener 3). A Sista fetes wt weeny doe mt ete ‘Stl copes oestrone ne Cental Comes ml a Cnt Compaen ama fay i pl na Sarhgy ne pain walt pty sec’ Te poeta wee Pihstl umber ops at fret dation (ered “oto de Tt Pet lo doy, whch man at enc ‘ina Th NON Lyne whch mn fetid ein ‘Pipe tases ees litany ‘Sidon nie We, nh nr oapoessome eo bey a "ng of so mater mayb gee fom he flowing exams A 190 pt caters ear x dat eer wi ce ries ih ince ven sora ne age! Oe magi lw "ck [a puitonvivi-vis Baropenn Rata ss consequence ofthe Fret Five-Yer Fe Poe vit ve oe ee ic tA TOXA eorty eneating in Karan sased compton Ihe esc, Nick ackeeig, and problems ws tet wit be tacoma «new ei apa er fcr ageage* ary ‘ving i Kastan in 193) a 193 sod damien cars of Calton nl wih eto overpay sersry Glen ‘tinted wo meres cic ad mock, cpscly ty Reals Comms ‘tt be Ratan Jewish Cochin deed a ero ‘dion, 1954 nena coun fe et of ngs teri epi, ‘Sega on Sain sera sigan Ran, lie Use atin cna reed gre age anni eae" olds are fo Kaa aol pw oer an ‘er Utnan = "atonal, repbican, and ocasoly repo congresses a pb- ‘sted the sangre prs (Ape, ) wha wall sows of ‘eu doanentatnn Se O00 e atin eS La ed seve ‘ol colton of rasaton, chs and eer msl acne of ‘ores tall es (eon, pct a ta eng toamecs ‘pus an tin) for whe othe povatpo" Toph es nt ‘lie teonpnpie oor of be anni ra vy sel pe engreses. The enon de nde wl 3 covering tana A Ui) exnrees of sos, proviso rerio age of ‘sus daca at beep" cha ao bend a pee a ne Apa wo Soi en Renn sagen of vie fo 916 1998 0 well epties ect Yo he Sopene Sov BY, ave realy tee ante Compan hss by Soret ls (2 Dro, Ps Soler ‘pent: Sons Conpetoe’ Dr Bash 1) For dso of pale eed padi elsion rece shoud she cou be enopitc porto eaonot tir antl Eco Cee ‘fe All-Union Congas of Soviets TK), tick bse th Supe Soviet o {Se US in 17, nda Roan coop (VTA wh ase Sue Soviet RSFSR. Tse were pone ep he preva pede tse scene aS Iai rely . The nog epos of IKsoeped {ngs of th Coe of Nani ove nation noe, |_Ai hos contre md moans of ous prop lig de iis, ind inde, ive of etl lady denen evs ow cle ems so pied seopptic pra, alive Ii of wh ge a Appi fC. Tese ay in uy ax sus. Te Seamoviceafrace ‘eno Nisin, ning trom werk at eso ‘scien td areola om Fate ele Ite, nd acy po gprs The meting ef nul esr outa, wer aa, rater, td fh The vain woes cones poe reste ta fr soc iors, The engi rpors ano the few sore fe 13 atiene poles we fen one rater aun or Sei ae Sata pn tr tive proton way aay eStats econ. the cao repro conan of we Ui an iy conmann in 67> improve of ig cee cine en opens oie cea Fe ee omy mver=t “Ovicharenia” wi Wh, Se se Tat basin he Sg spre mle sony om et Smaps Vitec wey antmowhich ba tego hes SERUSG "aa ae o wew Sov cne e retiewith er o cee aw wenn pdms of women at fh. Dirctces and gaetoers ‘weary pt of srs atrial fhe 10a ical inn in a TSI Bit ots nthe po Se pas, dices ed pe i Sinae pees xeon oe Te er ks gall 2 teeny sk, spac te 1930 he mil rn of ‘Bho Mernner emer supine ho Sov ewes beter ved cae erica nthe 950 an ws be oan ine in ie a a eect at ene enw ng ae esol afer Be Scot Sve at eto ecard wih ay ems Sey numa of nal suebrs were poled ny a SO EST iow tt pro cd cen, nh 193, Ronin vga Mem tage haa ape orc ing he ames fib ae saa ytd do hey wee chy compo ae lepbone) = RPE epee te 0s Indiion, toy Baty cr Rk sd daconimed afer he Send Won Wed sad roeter "The chy directors of Moscow mn Lelagra,publabed regulary before te ‘ig Worn doing he 1920rand es regal inthe fist ba ofthe 1908, ‘Sede. Arch Getty (iy Diectors). Anappendixohis aril 23 ot ‘Sootocafconeas of epeenative volume Socal eons woking th ‘Sher shuld note at bth Ya Mts a er" Leningrad psiodly nce {vofaues names ething now oneto ol This eaming proces charted slit woatact more ateation fom staan ‘orzo an vtnortatve soe onthe abject is. V. yt, stor Mostvaith Usher Gd ed, Moco, 1958), ch ntl trace thes of re Td rec res bras gives ait hose yous desertion fe lyst ‘tnstormutin ofthe cial ey sen in te Sin prod Tleghone decoas were poblbed regularly i he 1530, at est in equals under be tie Such abonowoy Mashovsal (Leningrad) oral eer va es g. As te tide implies, these were Western-style telephone rect Uisig individual subscriber aphaeticaly. Since he we the onty {slepton decries cay aaa ote pai fv lind nto tnt Individual uber) The rectors wre general ated in brayeaaloproncor ‘mich hungd equa a ure of repeat administrative restrctaring in the 1020s and 190s," and lo give the mos recent gues Yr repnal ta cy poplaon, and st changes in place ames. The Leingnd ol town of Toth, forename ca be enife’ he forme: Gach nthe 1929 eto of TD, whe tie 1950 edition disonst, wits rok’ ial Gm pace, Troe rer 1) Gata) became Krassogrardik To 1930 snd 193 dito sow tht Zno- ‘ok, formed Hzavetgad, ep Ziove's nue afew years longer before being ‘enumed Kirn, while Rykovo (orm and sebequnty Enaio inthe Dene {yest rng Bs name 1958-" Historas ered urng ne changer of nd enterprises bold con enter our, Afeimeprednet= sy uaa” pritacam | uporahenlin Naradnog Hlomisara) Tshe] Phrmpshlemor 2 1994 (193). (Moscon, 1935 and 193) These data row 8 somewhat eapeced ight on the cult (or el) of ersnaityin the 1930s, Ascor- {ng te 1937 volume, en plans ware named renamed for Oizo, ie (Coemisrof Heavy Lady, is 1986, bat on one x Salis Memoirs and biographical data ‘On ofthe great acum for historians ofthe Stain peri hasbeen he psy of ‘mois and he ak of reales somatic bogrpicl daa. Hii Ku ‘min anus the major type of mero ahi areles Soc Meas a a ‘oral Souce sad Cuide ong and Dest Memo Lear in his ‘olune. Uni cet the memos gone was not wel eed inthe Soviet Union Relatively ew ems were pubis, und ose were published re iil to et ecaseSovetWhilognplies donot meat meee and tography a 4 Aisieeaegoy nation proving extensive of mano yates, rons Soviet Meo ec chor wo he re Dograpleaes 1 ‘meri i parca arn that hve been pulsed ‘Unde lames, mea ofthe 1930s fave sare to be publishes in lage goats by te "ik journals nd weds ik Moscow News and Opont. ‘Tita very welcome deepen, ace he newly published mero en desk rth previo ajc te Great Purge sod hefner coment ‘tas sme degre peered i th “sumizdat” and tana” publication of ‘be 196s and 1970 (xe Karomiy,Emigré Memoin), and hey peel flowste conventions of tat gene, Ar with mot mais, tease ar fo the mos put nella od plc figures, an hs sluton i ily toca, sine {Belden darunemerhabl propl'stive ar worth repatng stanished by atc ‘Tin wih th gtwriten mmole of Stkhanovites fo he Satin period. One ‘ounle exception, however, rth eiling meme of n dead pease \ovkerwinrhappenad to be a rater of tbe poet Aleksandr Terdovakii— Dist eat Birpbi! dconares ave ben rary inthe Sve Union since he 19205, ‘when th enyclopein "Oana icaded sort Who's Whoo party an gover Then leaders oner ise on the USSR, and tbe Society of Former Pica Prisoners begat to publi a ition of fevelutomary biographies Noting of {he Ln! wes puhed ine 190 nd 1040s, te the post Sain pei, the [Restmy of Soences pblbed 2 twoselame Who's Whe in the eld of etal ‘Since td wchsogy and snr enewolume doar of Oretalists 9p ‘ewe in ho mid-1970-" With thereat f some Great Purge vii, [lorebiographies of gatplical gues began to ape in ie Bol salve ‘moped (a en and spent, a wel nora ike oprony ‘Mort PS ond he Leningrad brinch of te haat of Paty History plied a ‘tefl to volumes of togapies of prticpan inthe October Keron in Parola.” Short bopper of mabe of miliary Purp vite appeared in the jure Yemo-trches sural ne sth of e196, bt ef 0 Dun amore sponte dtonay of mary ogephy were dare was hiya end thee 19%, withthe fll abn of former Oppostinsts tug vit btlarge umber of bogapical ates on sch persons eas {oappenr once ao shorn popaa jours. This presunabh meas at {be pehiaton Hoppa ica ely resume i the 1908. ‘he Ww, boop dia on Soviet politcal leaders was sytematically celeste by monteringertzation ie he U.S. Cesta ligene Ageny, ‘Munich Inte forte Study of te USSR, and Rado Liter/Radio ree Ba pen te 1981, Ach ety an Wiis Chas se Via Mesto ad tes ‘Cotes to reat a computerize blogrpcal a bank onthe 920 and 1990s oe ‘Gey, City Doi nth vole). Abou the sate, Soviets: V2" Dros bean wore on computerized databases, Thr achieves! 0a in be je fom the fated ating of 4 dats bases Which since ni ‘Stame aan Appendix (Sot Compterzed Daa Bases) tothe at by Db {Bev Solo, and Prorat on Perso ud the Sy of Source. This cos ‘Be fine desi eoeon oe aa beso be poabed ele inthe Soviet, Union or be West "Wile indivi poli graphic in were nt published inthe Stain sods tre were cfr mareye of leading cares und pei Lp ‘dninsttive and profesional lit) nthe ate 1920s ud ext 19808 whose ‘esl wre pubis nrurmary form.” The variable inthe rveys wee thse (Ga Communists of te pei seared at polialy ri: vocal eg, ssa, peice bureeuceni rank and service wader he old regime, education, party ee Sareea ees Dee oer egercie Soe Sceenneabetnnt baronies Goce ncaa Iie leaie e ipmicasiarens mae anes bee pelo ree SceeThaimectteas cece cristae ee aan woes ae eh rt eso mente tame Tact feianestenteece nents nacie Se eee promotions inthe 1930s, systematic malls of party member dts was so Research posites onthe 130: stand are perspectives De ln ia rh a dere rg ped etsy G79) or ep San on pig SS fa napa cima cee ply eat pe S'S as mavcng aa coe Shy eee of ‘ttn win cy ts sig Se oly fl ees) oti ein pc id qu ce ‘on iy ti nr a es Sin a Fle nine ger eto targa oar ‘eaten rch ey reel ot i Spay ag SSulapin our cape’ tps eek leer pi: Conmprry ee pralielpsne ions ‘IAS on tio gene pr se So Uo te pein nt ah he Sle pepe ca ras re Sd el, xi mt ety, We we pte ly St [et tiniest eso ef, Set ‘aia pn enw er fe al pet ‘Sly ul tanga Rega ocelot ‘Sin nme ne m5, dh ge gh ne atc of ste! om nag tan fom 19 pina tS whch pr ein is 199 Sa a iS At edt ope ne la i oe {in hrs om te Wa sae os emp eee Seetee Sov couterpars, Neverbless, Western shoal puleaton were gener ‘iy cer ignred In Soin profeiona oars or eticand at “bourgeis fain" Many pchems romaine fr Wesernrscarces,evenin tb 170s ante ft half the 198, Archival soon war sll ested, especialy for te Sulla vod. Research Soviet bras became easier it some ways, bot Western ‘ot ound edd tele ring fom he pb culos or uravaable ‘Sree partly he Lenin Liban Moscow. Some types of atrial ke exis ener newspapers wee very fica o ota Soviet scholars ‘agus uta wh Wester colar onan formal bass, bu hy were easy ‘Sekt dings pb and collabarative SoveUWanern sly projets were {shied by » arity of nstttonl and atonal aces. Systematic orl ‘hor pjess cul ot be unfere by Water chlars inhe Soviet Union, deed were rary conducted even by Sot scars For acceso Sovit ‘serio wich canbe importante to rinary sures hat ar te ‘Ste for feign cola”, Weer itorine were required 1 cin pei ‘esto from hl eal Soviet mvs Thc mid 1980s, ooo bough ter change, Historia ein came ‘nee inte ols artis, nt rom profesor, porta ork ine pest Soviet pare of he politely daring storie fel began appear te "ik" ours. Those on th 1990s ine B Marine's Macht bay (Dor, 1987 0. J-3), onthe callctivizton deve of 1929-30; N,Skzomays Pron Sever, 1886, os. 10-12), on he epetation of lak er eontonet e Kaban: Mita Alls’ Drachany Mow ‘ow, 1982), on cllectvition andthe fins: A. Rybaiow's Dal Arbats, ‘mama of pobtcal and soil fe ithe ety fo mi-1930e seen fom he npc of 8 young Kars and lu Trilenov's lchzrovene (Dnchbs ‘irons 967.) on te Great Pure, These noveacanotbe ea pinay ‘Tork of tic, Thy are ended fests shout Sovet hisiny. Sone (or ‘ample, the works by Alctcey and Trifonov) are based on personal childhood SSpetenc, Others to et party based on staal research using ble, fetal, abd on story sources. Sov horas ve ea ary rice forlguing behind te nove and Journals inthe rewrng of Seve sory. At w conference of Risa and ‘hur eld in Moncow i Apri 1988 he wre VP. Astor sid tate othe dopo have teri (0 se cha sacred word uh "Tey hve lst tego that by thd, ti uplicy. They ned repent elie themes (ochinou),”™"Te tran abe meg edie at Sele refeoson had bad smal record le the 19205, that Kh bees = formed ine Sin ad Brecacy periods, and tht i ow found wel in & ‘ston of rss So reg wath coment approval at he meting fe eel pray of he tah (poe) soot Soviet Boy, Icon to 30 nth read)” writen by Sov historians in te past, hat aty eae irerbte crea wo hint that there might be potential problems in me pa paatenc neces ces sceeeeener ane eecuee neta emmateams Feemet to topes ee 19-19 rat ares een fSaeate cee Siege eee ee cnsces ees Seca eee Steere ace inten anata an een gee earner Sia seen Shan depanetee ane enn ot ieee oaneeens Sees Saare eis Sireciteetegenem meres Se eee See ee Seams emers See oman Se teeeeniicemeee eee than Churchill's report of an enigmatic remark Stalin made him more than ‘8 decade after the event. “ aetna ce penetra mess ns Sears Sha reaseanee oe Tae ims cone oe Seeing rane eee mere Seca atten aera Timmubene ee tgee some Sate ee arg ee Sonn oe Sir ere eres Seen eennemeeene Scheer cheteeenememaermee een Spee in ee gee oe ea ee eamrree een Sanh aceeteeon maemo Slcoeaeeee Se cay Sem cokequ and ying 1 fi common language of dssou, ‘A thie of weting(Ftrary 1983), widely asad ht lant wi met socal gree acceso mater or bsh Weer ané Soviet hioans ihe fine n Soviet baa, the ld omcept of sper ett acces 10 published materls eemodpaliealyseneve or eherwise salable bs falen to disrepue: and ie Sepeter 196, the Lain Libary antoced tat wat opnirg the pli al bt S00 of te 10,00 volsmar previo om rested oes Inthe archives, vishal oud thr arcs mic proved, hgh ‘his dnt ply ol colar inal ecives,Wesern slurs wee being tl at ‘he begLninga 969th ty woulshave mich reser acer out archives ‘TSGAOR and TsGANK nh ote, en tat they wold even be wl wi op. Wi regu tothe 1930s, however, tisha yt Don oly partly contre the acl experience of Amerean scholars ad graduate ween Some TREX ‘utcipants working in Moscow in 987-88 worl eocoutrng whi ro Jem of the friar type Others pariclary rane tents oo he jr ichange, report srg sscnmer ini searchin archives tn laches nd em fel thatthe aw esta fly dawned. "osu: sian exteney propio nonce Western and Soviet scholar ship Sov social history. Te opportuni exit fr sigan weakough 9 ‘many reas, eclaingecess to ture, The mare we now sot he source td (he pculares ant problems, th exit lb for bs—Western and Soviet. Sehols—t0 ake advange of he now seserch cpp ad contin he ‘evelopment snd improvement of slasip on te soi hitoy ofthe 1930 tes 1 eget hn ete erm Sees Sea eco mete Soiree eae cr netenen eae tse = ee cease cy aoevanecaeee no nomeren ep Naokl nd a nara ee alee Eee seme ee = pea ee nan rion tan int ges otra’ eA tary a 5 Stas ny Wi 2 ut ow rit ie er of eee spa 9 eC Com ee spt en tn SERS eee ae a ruins gohan ce es ee etree Sonor case amar r ae meaner Meta we Toki CVD (Santor, 1967. . ” salto feo ore tan Soot ie mire sentra icrehiee ec imac teonacee a Seaton reagan eee raen ee ‘arf Sito, 18-1867, 4 wa lr: Unni o econ Pe i 2, Meet et ose Rg i Car. ae vexed wf ced eof be Sv Ua an sos agent Seer Se, ws ‘Soy Sortele etree fgersoe naire Spat amie pana) wr pu cesar i eg eae 1 Rohe pei pret ro ese prensa, 6) A sate a er et iced incline gegen trate ‘he basis of woos ropa porictlatfescbtioa wer sed cn I Sorat i ey peo Se Moxon 95, IE laste Poa de a Ss a iF be, Deke Goce 9h 9 Kleene it cea sk ‘he rate Rntee pi eos ana VEDI Wem tr tar, SE a i ap ER er ea ie ie pitie ee ee, am i ec fete ace nema oi Sa Se os tt SEO eager eee “Eee Rina Sk Co mune dBc fat eae EE meerapeeicecer dro a, iSaiaat gag aememrmiraetions inahic anaemia Segre ts Sea alae vitae inte gtacpeae on alta een Sh he cuneate yuan ved Se ier etn ster‘oi, N68) Cem. 8. Moti nV A es ‘Sere Whi Nene + glee cher wy To Tle evn ep a sti, yO ‘ia, ageand sex breakdown af gets, mol wd bith ries of bus and ‘pai de, ance oan of en in Deh, Pies sl Sols wl in iv. bese at fe ‘Novo poy bree vt to ie Aca of Sens a ae ‘any al Arse fe Uru Seoal of with Pfr VW Alar "Te meager lbs dat ie gens wl be ed many Klee oe ulna plete, Staats sh (None Long, 33) aad ‘red wa pel ne ahr rape co Lega, {Som tae y Core Now a a ee et lee norety edit ew“) aA Mai VM Sir, Sch Ir peldan SSSR. BDloqrfeha ia” eco, 187), WT Om tee lepers sure Ayan Seay go ey ant ‘ee a0 gy kk mbes tc nd IV Anta, ¥- Deon BL ‘cttow Sv octetr taney shay ped ehh ry.” oh “ators ny ka {S00 ibrar a Sorte chk, Pemy at SSR com, 2 wen tin ni ig eam ‘Se Cel Conan’ Sua Depress acu rade Poe Sei rato ice ham FPO! oped rad ol havo ‘Princ prt co Wy Teo sd Cn geri aa he "osprey nV pr nc 7a 1926 Ered, 8 oy 192,14 andi ore Prog ptt ‘rs Vt rp sain pe Nc a A ‘Siar ont Pooh de aol rr Vso prep ace) err eugenics mld 12 Never 1924 6a pi, 24 November, 11 Decne 198, 4, vi 17 esr 193, 3 as ‘Cima ar ne perl ing in cpt cum engl ‘fer cemotng ep randoms 3 hao, 10 die 90,1 fora] mare tea, 199). 'B. oe any penn artogn aoe le] feted Kew ui tol VED() 9-2 fora 153g) Senco ha (arn, 83). et a ea tye Scary Mica Kaa ref 31 gS Stn SR. th nemo wih ailrheth rp ney is Gna aa Kg ae “2” doco, ch Te et peg 33, Pecunia har bn ae sso nih prot ence Olay 0 tat eee ‘Shh onan naa ce sso A 30a 8 Sesh acer Ge 5 3a ns Ses el a 6,14, 19, 192 194 18 sh lg peep, 5s Unmanned fru out oem er ls sae ce Pape age Secs Raper ct foe as ‘Se Aston fr tr Aivncenant of Sve Sac. Honda, Roeaber 3 he a nee rr ee den Sle SI pean 9 yt B58 a Ba outta ee ‘repeat en or ee cae ie Soar ‘Severe Ria steer Hep pa 3 Ati atone iV. 2. Db 1D Kon cit inh Ybor sas fe SR ic SSE ese 9 1B 8 45 239. han Tardowk, “Sian peeing,” man, 198, no. 3, 10-30. 1, Fie sa’ Reston bef ba et, 7 vot fre 3, Memon 9 ple “SSN “Peat ak ‘eines Mri sins, Nas fis en Rovio Ges Seach ‘versity Press, 1974), ie "el ons ie Ra: stems trod fl arin Weds Se foe Son ner ath ty ga Sei re sea {2 Bef ode tern ti, 2 al co, 84- ap Sa ee aorta Saige i Getta econ ot Sen UT, cng es a a a. hems ustretitnn chart taeTaam caesar af et Son eat ac eat teen zen et Sian a ea sors as ad eg cee mayer ne spite pe memset SESS C nce pée aria no ioamnime Sc tee ae ae FC ntact San eeeeeamcuen eine Soci es me ta SS ee care ttt rt ‘ions and Other Sources on Cures inthe 19%." Ruslan latoryBlsore ste 2-2-4 ‘sonics ener hes Sees es 3 tnt oe nr pre eens aio lt err or Ieee ee ae a eae fete crema aa paras ere Bre TS Pia atten 2 ores ame ore ree ere wats Be A oan nrc octny ssi poete cee cance Serece meena ener aeriearate Seven omer ae reenact seat acea nian ae aerate ca meas Seria t aremen caaneaee ee ee er ean a age intoetineee rane rd ESE er ocr esy aera Sea Seal emai na ee teen fe: contacts een So ud Wars sri. "At ccc fom Sapam FCahe farn andthe Boek Rowton. 4 ‘Paul Boor T8258 Ne Yt) beat ge ada he ot ‘Demat evn Sain al ge donb Coles, Ope wae Ses aoe car Ma ete ae ‘wold remain in spesbivan. " ™Archival Resources from the 1920s and 1930s Soviet Archival Developments and Reference Aids for the Social Historian PATRICIA KENNEDY GRIMSTED Recet calls for more sar bout te history of Soviet society sug sew slits sus cholera and more honest bition inthe USSR abot vents and developments rig te tuoltaos decals ofthe 1920s and 1930s t ‘teres toberel pee inh cholate wil ees bave to be fos archival rach apd 4 more earefel examination ofthe emaiing ‘civ dcumenttion om tae yeare. Several plished Western commentaice onthe cen Soviet dco of ory ar keine fred conchae at tl sora sat tring Srey to he achive, may of he pending Msi ontoversies wil reinvested." Puc dsctson in tbe spf lasast"hasetnded acl prblens, an src ede have ben imolved inthe contoversy shot the stab By, ‘tll about pending plne fr archi! reform. Conse alr bas been ‘aie oat de sae of archival aah county, forename nan open ete tothe wspuper Severna al are. Inet he Schl Cun of ie Moscow Site Hstonco ArchitalIslinte (MGIAD comple that aloo a Chives ae “[leposed to Be esgaaed scents of calture an sence, ing Teac erm earch exp nh Sv Un oe ha ete eum, mn of wh wa slr the prof wales chs propane beget Ae of Ld Rtn aa oe ‘USE, ite by he inernnenRearch and Eng Bow REX). I i ore eee port fang regen povided y TREX andy fein rere SS heap ton er ye 2 geet ee ony oh Spee ye of nh ‘Si tt ral emt SE tinge, DC: Kem (he year of stagnation sey ture bursa ormnizton wth he main sim preserving’ ageny sere.” The MGIA coun cls for “oss ‘rota’ or “the satice of acl moryte arbres of te USSR ‘Avot October 98, new hgh evel ctacl on rhives wa bing ces, 1 recommenced by MGIAL Question roma, however, shut he exe wich ‘efor wil be ez ad aout he etn fo hich he Soviet Sat and Prt chives om he 19208 an 1930s real ready forthe istrns, Compliated ‘questions sl re snewen Fito what eta haveschitl ecards ben esned frm he 19208 an 0, an what ecards have bern desea beyond recall? ‘Seco has an adage referee syst arn developed fr historians wet oe and sls pip sere? “An hiro wht etn wl Borin be lowe aces wo Party archives els recor in sat arcve and, once adit o wht exe wl ye eteouragd to explore ey fr sources they might dc ler ano ph be elt oftheir esearch o he doaments hy fin? ‘Thereeet open dlacson af archival prblonsinthe pres ay beh abigee ‘of refrm in he achialservice. But changer i present poles ted paces ‘moot eure decantation ht wet he pape fats in cai rae ‘wer oriented reference sys cannot be prodned overnight. Recorcecping Prats ro archival pice of eater decades hve nib stamps of ‘tue one, nd argent of that Scitation, aswel on post tcl cofigiratin Slee charges neces come omy nth wea la, ‘sare aoe nesta the ogaizationl pers nd wha procedures os they have developed since 1917.* 1, The organization and administration of Soviet archives ‘he revlton that brought Lenin an his Balabevk Pay to power in October 1917 watson followed by reveutonary developmen inthe archi rea, nung ‘atonlzationsnd government cond not only of allahive and msrp bat oof records management i al agoing ages fsa nd sce at wel at terporary or aol oes. The areal sre eed under Leni’ sigan 1 ane 198 provided atheortcal nd praca ls wih egal and nae story for wal ercial enrol The Sate Archive! Fond Nationa td ipl contol ove all archival materi as beta exenda ‘Grog the istatiolizaton of te sale Sate Archival Fons-GAF (Gone darren arti fond ital th Blin gondarreny arbi fond, ep concept that embraces all archival mr der sate sont, oi smanascrpt collection, throghout he Soviet Union, Flowing he ogneton ofessabsbed for ech spurte union pbc altoogh with cont rm Moscow, Siar los enties mee extend fo the Baie republic and f the Molsvan SSR, flowing Beir annesation daring Word Wa dl he concept would hve exeded wo records ccted bythe Communist Pry, bt then separate syste of Party archives was rated in the I 1920 [tert Archival ond fhe Common Party (AP KPSS) wa legally fined ers separate nity nds adinstered enti indepedemly rm te Sate Archival Fem The exci of Comanant Party recor from he Sate Archival Fea ‘lousy gros ln Hs compressive and places many of bees rca {tnd historical eseding post 1917wcival matt ous of ate contra "The mort een Seve och elton se 198 pte erier pro sion forte GAP, and lois eight separate agencies tat have abortion for tte longterm ttn of thei owa echiven? Most maby, te mii of orsign Ala and Defers, the Academy of Sciences an bas and seo under the Ministry of Cultural have permanent uriton ovr thi own rch ‘al records and relied manasrip celetons. Other indeed archives are ‘ahnined by he All-Union Geological Fond, the Crtoprapi nd Gade Fos, {he All-Union State Fond of Feature Fis (Gael fond) the All-Union Repay ‘ot Sanda and the Pond of Hydro Metrology an Environmental Dt. The, ‘ne thencepton ofthe Sat Archival Fond has Boat acoaliation toms of {he Soviet archive wealth a ipicant lel of sdinative dena ‘he State Agency for Archit Adinitration— “Te cetralzton and plagued Sv schinalachivenest tho ate con ofthe isolate ad ply senetive recor ‘of sate and soity have been coordinate, an largely made posable, by the ince of an independent agency charged wi he overall adminisation ofthe ‘Sie Archal Fond, “Known since 1958 a the Main Arch Adminisiation (Glomoe arthinoe sprevlne),h formal naehas changed nmber ines, releting he pen) S ‘ace within to Sot breacrae hersrchy, buts genera funtion bs been ‘eave cues Illy rm 19181 1922 ude the esdtien ofthe Pope's (Conant of Beatin, twas subsequently diet suberdaate othe Cea ‘Executive Commits, bt ia 1938 the Archival Admission cue ude the sui oft People's Conminarit (od Inter Minis) finer Aff. 1960 twas shied tos quanto status tached oe Cota of Ministers tf be USSR, withthe sficl name of Glrmcearthino yep Soe ‘miiroy SSSR Th eater ofialveronym "GAU' as since he ety 1980s ten replced by “Glau” Whilehe Mencow usd Gaara of te USSR charg with he adminsteaton of achialtfsson he luo eel nd the cordon of cial wminiatin taghout th USSR parallels are ‘Cpanized under he Councils of Minlstors ofeach anion repubie and om the oblast ‘te oa eve nde he aproprnteExestve Commits. ‘A sew archival launder asco a 198 pret te rans of he ne archival service tothe Mins fast asa uno seaming and eng eset op Aesy cenrlzed sire sce Ey i 948, plane wee ‘tmouced inthe Bale republic and Armenia shit theirs erices othe ‘epulilevel Minsties of Fst, bot ese reforms ere sles ony ‘adil. Opposition toe proposed change was etre, amy eal of 988, ‘ese plas were frnale or revered, Pri reial oral peed, comprehensive activa lve are being drfed ov republican llton lvls "The fnctions of Glaa ae extemal toad and cmprebensive od ech swore elie ha igh ase inthe non Comes wel. OF parca portnce io roarcher, a division knwwn atthe Sekai Reference Service (Natchnopraechny opera), handes rival ference syste, ncaa on tale fs for epttion ofl ons inte repsbiclvel or all-in Ste Archinl Food (GAP). All sich stv wet least in theory standardize ‘roghon the USSR by pled rule od resins” Gl Bs e- search nd developmen fection, whic clan te pean of the All Uni ‘StentiieResearch Insite, VNIIDAD (Vesouanynowchrovledontel at inn dlumetoedei throne del) te ot bigh evel esearch nite seo archiva ats ne Word" Glas haa pei foreign elation: ‘vision wh conto exchange pogran with frig tread adnson of oignrescrchers to sate arcives trophont he USER. Records manegemen! (opted dokamentovedene) Asartos tt conra over the ain! documentary gay, Gabi diely soperies records mangement (aproodson) in all governmem agen, eon ceris, and dh organs sts ate. The Rossa rm might tester be and "corhaeping paces, asi wat aitonally sed in he Russian Empire before th Revlon wih relereace to chancery fncons in goverment fies an ter graces, Inte contmporay Soviet cnet, ower: and in ine win cotomgeary Weer be, he Engl anguage em re ‘ods mangeent would beth coset equaent ners fhe selene, ‘nd managerment of econds produced by given ofc o agency. ‘Sic the 197s, Soviet pci se he new oie! Ratan xm olan vedere, whic wld be erally tare the seve of doce to ent th sudy and planing for in andadzing documento, er ang documentary factions, and crag cpinal documentation of fi ctv with an eet ite lafrnaton sce, Tie erm i oe mae fe ‘quel encountered fr he ener eld of records mange, along erm Akiopratedino wil be foie in exer Verve on the set. shoud be tdersood, however, at records mugemet ae pret! in Sv sgences ner he ireton of Gari sch ee compton ge procs than coresponing practices in the Unied Stes and many Were coms ‘Giavarthiy congrol parts with the prescription of standardized forms for documentsfor mot offi ses, he supervision of document management, ad pape ow ‘win goverment offices ieluding santa oe reper Be hg Vacs In fc, usally he documentary restr, indexes, ad ote art of he ele ace apart preucdy govern agencies eevee oni ndg is ‘nc the records ivlved are tanaerted o permanent sate archives. Paso ‘epultins enue that he repters prepared wl evesaly seve a inenoiot (eps) when he recor reach hei sei deinaton Such cote ove apc) ‘ecodheping pacts ensures a evel of comity betwen agecy rete ed ‘wil depsts—steadig conti ia te rpatatin ts 2 fond Regulations plied in 1974 ethic the s-lo Gonera Ste Syste of Recor Managemest, which apis 1 oes inal tte asa, wi sample forms ano fonat pilin or may ofthe procesesmvved.° Anew eden In peprateaprtdly would ke aeeace ote pescbed prctocs mane tory ial ffi Toe imprtance sage the Fld of records manages ute evened ‘yt spec dvison deve o een a plocing onthe sj te gh {evel Sivit archival esearch instte"VRIIDAD, the reserch nd develope srmof Gard te 1973, Glavin pubatd fanmentalmonogr pe ed une he auspices of VNIDAD, sting forth “contermpoeny Josue Sraggnientsysem for docanen managenent within overeat ics cad {nginesrangemsnt of resort in peanet le ni wh ancy see cota ‘nd cordination betnen the ecrds being protared in goverment ofl aad ther event archalsoape and retieva Sine the erty 1970, even moe ‘tention fas ben deve tothe orn of docamens being Wel in goverment ‘es For xan 1981 publication provides gilins or eddie fers ‘nd practices to eed in many sate gece." Under te wpe of VNDAD, {Garb speciatie are developing heretics plas for wht they now ttm ‘Unified Ste Syte for Improved Records Mangere’ (Edina godarte ‘ai seme delamentionsgo oberpechena prvi) tt wil provi & "odl forcing, ling sa eievng batho sana fos acon ‘zd camer record. ‘Atos suc tens wll dramatically fet the rcods being peter frm ‘oneporary year, they hve ie bering on th nse of econ e th 19204 ‘tn 19% Ta eater donde of Soviet le, recoding practises were rela ‘Sibu conformity with replation was ofa Nhl ee, Presb sande Sin the repuhicn, preseried Ungutieenge-wore changed seer times, ‘requenty te ck of ors an rap trnoes or pooty uli af, among ‘the ators, mea tha record ep fl ell ew the nr A caleton Of Sele carer Sov laws and decrecs eating records management wae in 973.7 Aa dp snpresion of ome th fect wk beng done ith en of omated records syste sd ltl problem of eons anager fm ‘chr persectve is apparent n 197 calltion of rep published by MTA, * few of which relate record fom the earice Soviet pero. “The lose cordinaion betwen records management within ongoing agencies nh afer of ear to permanent archival epost ht it nist be inca acquined wih te interna sacs and ncn of Seve ition, their documentary Tors, recordkeeping pric, td gine or ‘cords mingereat und even! ncial ante Some reenter nro textos ar wale on he sujet Yet from the tandpoitof he researtr interest inthe 19905 end 1930» deed, early seer amabtic sy sil nats to be made regaringveerhecing practice io sutly estes of Soviet le together wit re rece information set he apie dips pace tht were llowed a recs spend, Appraisal Inte Soviet ott apral—as Wess cvs would em elton Th eta ne chef he Ras Sve Feder Si Rec (SES ae overt rety n compen decry pbdty Caves iapttngy eer, Spon ae pve fr ech ‘fe cml ste sec! repair, a wel a tn fr autonseptic, kas, an al ass, ts igre is minina—and gost incom Pee mir of wate pn roe pain ro iv-lagnge direoy of Uist sate arches p- cin ot wth inal papi o Ging ts tho ee ‘jr ond More dad coverage Wlogrpy of adig sd po ‘id in ny owe Bgl angogs incor whch appeared tend of 1988.5 Shor eos have Ben poll separately for ter Sov epic. dcaeny of ne cto Mh wore sista coveng as es fb- {ict ei big a Acdey fScr ur ee ne Gt seat onan alan le Abad at pl ey ned {S15 ins moan fads oe Ace sn Meco tod Utne fnd ay de rf soe tense of pond perish oe esa Sn be ca ‘irae dnc cpl pre etd tio Persona pope er of rts covering iva materi nortan enti, hse aume reson or erly ner ante!) of pr ‘onl papers rept tong te USSR irs ier scheremen a Sake terrenries ln" ie ail se ‘fay pps any Wenra ois can ppt th ‘his omen! descrpve tor. Yt the puted version hs potting ‘toed many ingore ial. Gags pray iveig in epee of play estv individ eb 90rd 990 pri {ha eo pd day he pages of he 900 Tare eto map an ‘ong nore, ely howe sein pro-Svie pate Commit ‘ug aves dist parca nth sey: ee os pope nog alt aiding rao excid Is 1 be hoped at in tS of plano eae ‘plea voume wil be ined ig be my etal Ciel a {500 sla wl a ber poo of Fenca ph ave cone it seinen Arca pds, I te rarchy of Soviet ach fers publics, on {eat oa dracon, wich provid pence reper eve coverage ny ‘lire ciel nso, «guide (ewe!) proves acomrebensv tated lis ofthe aor for win given epson. The puede sje Calves nc an designation ofeach ed, basi a sont fe ge) fom wich camo. meer he al mat of fle unt ae fod ee Inclsve es, nds bet dseigtion of ir cote, However. he deeiption rarely reflects tbe aca strusureorarangeneat of te fn, sine ists of opi ot lsiaton op viens ee ot prove. Aad, co reo nein of ‘hierar pie cnn tase for ipciceacrcer out fo Sbewrnttion win te fxd "Reretaiy,many of egies prepay se arctives under asi in ‘be 19705 o 1980s ae sgiscanty less die, wth uch es sactaton tan thos publi inh 1830s ad 196, Acedingy, leva has ane toe ‘thei rape, or "sort decry" rasta putes ae thee shouldbe considered inthe category of gids. The nmouno eta feet 'n chal ules (or shor dirctors) ares considera fel one tele te sother, ta researchers cant ssune tl import bigs te metre, ‘spel toe from the 19208 and 1930, Farhermee, esac t ot sstume tat he meat ofa fon, ose fle within fond inan caer pag tot in ter eon, means tt the sterile loge we, Kshs ‘soumed that the nos recent fond murs and aril engatons ss te ee arent, and more likly to be cont tun cisions ins revlon paces ‘monograph, bt references should always be checked incr gues od descr, ons, pray when theater cone mote ao if he fread men ‘ne ot cd inthe mon ret fg i ut, atl for cna ate tchies, theres cg ay tgs ‘sh suc «plan. Nonescte, or openly are, and reiely pdas ‘ses arabe fo ny to of cloves cnr starve ome el ale level, and for ont four ofthe cleven te rhe nde the RSPSR a Maso a ‘Leningrad, Givactiv RSFSR has a beter tick eso out of Monson se ids oshort dtr hae ben poblod for fourteen ot oft sieraoao Sut archives of osaoos republis, fve out of ax keel te arene ad far fore ot ofthe forty-eight calves archives of he RSP, Ye many of thse te not widely avaliable, Saintes vary fo he war Rosa nice repute. he spalling lack of distin of, and hence the bse lck of sce 1, ‘blisbd fining ais for state archives soe ofthese prensa ‘esarcers. The probs have malin inthe Ite 1870 and 1960, a burly as a rl of changes in Giararhiy refsteme pois aad pbtinn ‘rocomics. Apparent nan for suring nota doce oot lowe pacts tad save paper, mosf the Glia gules seeing sed tal pee ‘bm (ich, house edo, and they are nok de tengh nol Sok iarbaion chaos, Although allbta fe bear acetorhip unter legions ‘bliatons, many arent repstered with he All Ulon Bonk Chai Sea a ‘sued as ware (pan) oi pletion, which epacty ho ena tic isesbuon equeneats and wail prkibis exper Such lake el tetlon an istnbtoneqrements may lo expnwhy Clg pot pes Ine ot ben received by the Lein Livy ad shor marian Mongo nd Lesage Bidogrophies of archiva eroare ‘Ths lack of dsqutBbliogphy of Sading sid nd oer escrtve Heire, ‘ong wit te penraly sper quality of eet Glas aictrie, malesican imperative for reeurhers wo cont «wide range of ater Harr in ‘humping fo tack down he reference infrmition hey md ad 1 ently te etd thy ight with conto vrou archival nts, afore, there ras yto single cumulative compendin can aequntly serve er is ths sks br ee a a nanber of ogra ie wort contig ‘Sever ie Sov hore iblogaphes hve rome cunslatve corenge of scaling si and documentary plication, some othe mere sei {ae biographer on pie abet bu here salto snge compend- Uintobe recommend covering waren forthe 120s nd 193s, Most lpi as ‘sie ohinonal Biographi! e estedkon ofthe noted siggy of Fistor biographies proper by the Ste Pubic Hitoeal Libary (OP RSFSR) sad the Lain Libary (GBL) in Moscow” Te caret aapottions and ‘eve blogged cantar researc a loeaiag appropriate biog Pesta might la hem owitonl Astor sources er secondaire "The mot hep peneraconpeadion of rival tee specifely etd forty ofthe 1920 sd 19800 th cet two-seat ography ‘pevfilly Sota whatrel sore ay eed in 197-1989y taste of Hotry ofthe USSR in Moscone ™ Theft Ylne lle 60 parts, one with ‘npn th period 1917-197 andthe secon mn the years 1938-1967. The ‘Sond volume cover Itenare that peared fom 1961 1964 Mos eleat for ‘how wing ecives isthe win each part for ove ofc Badlags, ‘which indo acivalguies av well at more gener survey deacons of ‘rc foads or goof materials, Tecovergeabouph emis ope, ‘Pine ote othe researcher than he Glonsihiv ait mentioned telow Enh son hides onthe alvaion ll, wih oly seater coverage of ‘ina interme of nom Rania res. Aloo ce are the rb for trae on ‘ecordsmanagaen bial af, nd the spr and th cllectng faction ‘farves, Oterseprte bce of hil rane nach art re devel © {CPSU woores, lp ce, atta! sources, menos aad dar, edlviseal sources, ad he haoiogphy of sure sy. DespoIacuse, is the most lingo ogy sve for whirl research onthe 1930 nd 1930s, Gover cumaaivebbigraphis. The comaive bogie of whirl Pblcaton ued by Giavacyuslly Uist nly ofl, learhi-apensored [blcatons, andy are ac esr pt te han the Lv hasdbook. They atest {De ange of pblationsaalbe, bot ae i hewslves poorly oped as ‘elrence ad Tn 961 oo separate biographies werd by Givi, oe iting ach aller pblitd ofl by sw archives,iecuding Fading ads ad tbe ‘method ead chal obicatons rain ech fas and ascend {or plied editions of dotmens, again priary tom ra archives Thee ‘cpp ylunes were ued, combing he coverage of seal erature tu documentary pablo, bu wd eatillyierenig tie eg a ‘rns covered nee, te lat vole ined in 1977 ends the coverage far ‘ab eos 170 npn. Te at spent edng oven seh 1975 ings, wae prprd, bt the bly manips are ten ens Ses in he VIDAD mucin.” Cones oes i of more mange nd evtnestion hes fort pre UTA is compels pare wo, bso els elas i YNUDADY ‘Until, coding pec ia NDAD, Ue sets nn coat oi, sd heen deg eplacenet, ‘The biklepte coverage of Gti docunesary palates tas now ter, copy" atlepah A etnecinetsepany c hoetiv tpn dring te pra 1917-1970 oppure in 974 Sang oak, e Weleens covey eae fa te per 71 1 at wee fecal 176d 90 epee pan ‘bold wll medicines vee 0905 eae lg cng ioeh 980 igi mch mew cae ese ‘mao ergs, bet erent ihren" ars Se Pen tre, onan ses etn epee 5 rpc te cnn Gis ard seve ake esi lanes ti res esata wir be aero ‘Aine nde re hue, gy af nee se ‘en tive eet ef neha tse Se the gna ead by VAIDAD he Groans nt ey unl le cumenay pois ht yee wt aly ans by or with the cosonsorhip of Cir or by the sate arches aoe Wythe ste achive une he inayat, More ert sn pt Cis {ric comne now ng prin oy measure bate ek ‘eves cane lining Aas cpane Seep Sat {tcl ed Semen i sae toe ‘Sad, tect ti mot enna toue neal stoped ae So pwd VAHDAD nr Gtr sp ora gh ‘nett ay exch or arma cor chs na winseee oo say of hang cr npr ms haat sed Dingess colectnyns ev sed soi ies Ts eet we te duchy no eet eee ‘sire. ous be ws covey os manic kone ‘a have simran ech Lis ober iin Sgn ‘te ir ena eas ay Cala A 1 it rina fd) win Ady ef Ses oa Suit in Ge 1980, neaniag tt fee we soca der rn a et belg Opa pus asl tt mre42 PACA KEKEDY cHISTED tn he VNIDAD depository for approved, but unpublished, manuscripts, Sct {O78 VNIDAD has onc an tact ses, Epresnformatsia, dat provides lengthy suman of any of ee import works, and ee of hem eid oral with saations in Sores arti Archival and archeographic veils Cet jonal, Ts pte ny cin onal pi by Gere ere any, eon pti wd ely Sr cnc conprd on hceny pation ees Wik SEPMRINSTASL fees tag een ns pre wih ‘eputtot bento into be Asef Ses USSR, ce i felt coin fo ti. Teel a es ee onsen coins ode eet mace Sc sie nti of lr ie Spel eei icin ley po tte ee ec excep in he wet ram, Bete 1986 sere anc pest sen en oie eb a ec srs sec Aaa port rig coy pl ol i o yf aig ls sa es jes B- Rs ran saver mer xe, Soe ew inrctadsforen bogey at wea i Ey tre ose us” Sve oes ave Shain of damon pain” "Agra al ou ol yt Archit Adio fe RSFSR 2 ee ap 8, Howes wa rer ese w+ a pry ees Renae ied Usa ane aoe te tony orl fe Uni sea in, Sou e Sy ae enn ene ope ma ‘Pus Suave rcs plied on sce 1971 Some ft Ben atte dior al chlorate pose chore Commision sis. Much more soy inne compre oe tcplcaios of te Arosopapi Cane of Ae Se Hoantnly, be Aceoppic Commision ws one pic at Teacemey oe peta) Posed, ib mato aeon reer arey sce, mre a and, bow AO. Fa. Common ms ben concer more widely wit api whi wi me og tn Aen eSoeen a ecate a rtian to te mach mor sila of SSSR rel anbeogragic eto ve brn mac ane ra SETERE SIE tn ee hr Somer igh eabook, Athena echegodhh, sad draw te careful atts of ‘hl resets fn any fel uring the fr eae of ts publication, Artheograchti chon as- sured mao biiographic lewih smal compendia of et aera he achiral fed Sic 1967, however, sch functions ce regretbly dropped. A ‘pane cumulive bloga of archival ad archeopop cae ood a 1 covers imprints uring the Yar 19681972, ning decane public, sions, archival fining aids, and elated reference works. Organised er eet reference tse thn the Garay bilogeapier mentioned above, an with « ‘pantera oe pubes pertaining tothe Sov pra, ere were high ‘ope fr contain. Mont egret his eset Boga cin ingen byte Arheagaie Commie" secs have appeared unde he ponterhp of real bch of he ‘Archcograpie Coin, bt ee rrly ave coverage petaingf sources fom the Sve period The Leningrad Bitch of te Archeographic Comson bles the anual series Vpomoatel me ltricheste diy which ee ‘mow import plication vee fo arlesrelting tothe sneay histor ine op, which canbe nxn oe of he ioe couraging Slope TIGANKA ‘As is name india, the Cental State Archive ofthe Nass! Boman, TWOANKG SSSK (Taewral yl gandarsrenyt crthiv naradnogeae: 1817 Moco, Bai Prog 17 sees a Se png rnc ag sta eo Mo Be SEI fost mend» HAM fom GAR SSS ter be tre le fos watered nee or co le Tree Lh osruan ssa Cnr Sur Admire, fe SEMSGYG/ae Use et ne oem nd er omer) Save ey my ad iy, conection and metal, ‘SINS ttre potion conmorcion Dp taser © oe ne St ro RSP may fms pv ea ‘escapees ing eno fom tis TA Se any eh 98, ae mote TANK. Se ‘Mafatae nan cane! inte pn, bray renin np Sme ‘Shana om ef ow yom he 1 al 180, cae iecly Tage Eola aes aft Seng sgn, eee me Sogn n cos of te Krunchy oem er eal ah ssn, ing ea on TDOANKY ws aed sn fbf teh reid rural "Te eso Ba ‘Roto ce te sens pep rier we, sa i inc esas tetinne jr rely ine ‘alr sues mpage mer sages of cai “Ten fis ined wt png, aii, al poplion ‘Cons incl ns cing re vis, a ra a ‘Shiu ot anf cy (ing Aen See) ae ANS ete, imeay spre sd commas ent sic op cl ps nna GANT), tec age ad ele, see, cao ‘ taupe sh ta bl noe opie nnd TOES ROE Fetes yr A moe ea ie ‘Scene ne stage preprtn ndi htld xei were tb Sov teatime 12 str as TNGAOH wt ey 1 ge HOAOR, be ee Se iy ce wh ots were fee ™ Pan sed guide contig personal fonds in TXGANKA wat itned in 1987, bat tater Sy dared hoe ail by ow of ie eos Se cy of esos ar tebe rei ober ne we Soe Salt ttimey eee sor etn wen oper PaetPSscnkh wes opened npn VNIDAD poster at SD emt ne ete Tata of br pu spss TANK nial ie een of sc Se ne Gdns 197 dsb autem ge speedy Morreale Geman on Ka ecny en bt ae), ETS he sew mon aes pied tt hes The EE Tico er coun! sa aes prone «mpi sap ey of SST Gaels orci ta props» Te Denia studies menond above provid more deta historic backgroud nthe sta ‘und prof ofthe archive, wich ahelpl reat fr rscarcer igo figure out the eases. Drei also matin he een acti inthe hive inclaing the preparation of coed finding ie ‘AcestoBldings in TAGANK has eased for friars in the ps eae and artical ice the fil of 198. Some fonds deposed In TSGAN sl have ‘stricions by their ceating agencies, re tae been mbes of ong ‘in he Soviet pees abut the df proces of suring permis 1 we such ‘eens. Sov schlar farher complain at even if heya aly shown the ‘tera thy nod afer te log bureaus proces of soaring permission, they eno permit ce he docamen.” According toa 1984 caret by the ect wots of the fds in THGANKS od tee abject 0 such estos by ht depsting agencie, bt that miner hs naw bern redo toon hi ‘According to creat poly, the iting of ech tition ad te eclniftion ‘proces extent orga as welt Sov researcher Tis 8 most welcome ‘lange in policy, sine In recat years TSGANKE SSSR hs shown conser ‘ucice fo communis munj obevise open record fo frien rahe, tala fey ave ao en std a dtl by Soviet schol ‘Asn ain important development inte past ya reference acts ave Secon more ie fig aan, Note a fg ela mn remit sere to te 1973 guide, bs, even moe important, sec ate 15 Feigners ae a Ist eng given acces 0 Ital opts prting Deter tndersanding of the comemt and orpnzatio f nv fonds td the pasha ‘ny of odeing appropriae materials de, ther central starches of the USSR ‘Among alsin archives, the two ceil sae archives maton sbore will, ‘unloedybe he mos import fo sail store of ie prewar Sali ers Soper aint it wes slo mana ers fom bei TIGARED SSSR. Documentary Sm ad photograph fom he Soviet period ee mainte in he special Cetal Sue Archive of Film and Photo Doaets {TSGAKFD SSSR (Tera no ganudarsvenny rth nfoedoamentoy SSP, Jnkrasogosk, ouside of Meow alr: 143400 g.Krszogora, Rehnaa 1, Fear ms re kapt inthe spc etre fl rive ew led Gof ‘din Bele Say, no fa om Moscow, which diced put rom Sate eh sytem T1GAZ SSSR. Sound secorings ae pt te es ean, bt hea now hosed separuly in the Cente Sate Archive of Sound Recordings TSGAZ SSR (Ceram gonudarstenny aruda SSR Mono (res: 10705 Moscow, 2a Basmansiin 3}.‘GAL SSSR, Record intnton incur el, studing erate ad the {along wid many personal fond of individuals se hosed athe Cea Stat ‘Archive of erate od Artttbe USSR —THGALTSSSR (Tae gorda ‘em arbi dura asa SSR) (cs: 125512 Moscow, Wtorsaia Snr aie Bt Sac fl of een se (Schneier of opto de gies nd plied vente of many india {bods ned, rete nw six vlumesin thesis of gue TSGALS teat which pared in 1988 and cover aceon uring th Years 178 t 1983." Of tremendous elerce for the soil ston, TSGALT SSSR tadonly bas ‘Sermo acces to fogs ates of oiigs om the Soviet per han fer cena ate hier alte station for foreignes inter centr state reves in Monson, rendre ae lowed secs tobe maa TALI rang rom, usin the ping DK, thy oe big peed acess ope and any oe ‘5 car age covering Yrs parts te boldigs. ToGASA, The Conta Sate Area he Soviet Army —THGASA (ena 9 vey rin Soet Armd) contain try ees eng ‘Soup in Te 1982 Cini Gey proves» bet pei sue) oF AGASA bins. Te oy pb ue, swell ive {Ste coers ny trp of Word War an eC Wer to ‘ey 1920. ‘ly rvs with std from he Soviet pd sil nai he est acceso fogs, yo ti blings a) wel be fence es {Si of be pti fo tps of ol sey "TAGAVME SSR. Holdings for the Sov peo in te Conn Sate Archive of be ‘Navy ofthe USSR—TSGAVIRF SSSR eran onuarteny ary Voema- ‘MoraogoFloa SSSR) re ot sted a any ede ‘State archives ofthe RSFSR “he existe of 1980 directory of sat arives ofthe RSFSR makes ss ‘npr ocauner the vate ste archives on he level f te RSFSR now ‘ceted in Moscow an Leningrad. Netra, mihtbe well tometon several lhe met importa nettatons long wih evsbe gues, partly sce ‘her ofc eign: have een changed sae mos ofthe air eres igus were ble, "TGA RSFSR. The sparse Cot Site Acive ofthe RSFSR—TIGA RSFSR (Centralnyi gorudarstvenylarkhiv RSFSR) (ares: 121059 Moscow ‘erahtovlianabererhain, 26, ese in 1957, of hgh importance for cil storie he 192s and 1930s. Ax mevsoned ear, it recived any ‘rouge of eon eaer eld by TAGAOR SSSR and ised inthe 1946 pbliied |THGAOR gue" Tose re pail the bldings of peel agencies of [RSFSR aris exablishent in 1923, whic rng he 19205 lo served many allanie wins. There sre records few of tee agence at hve sees ‘oiigs going backer han 923 ln TSOA RSFSR. lsu ented at here ‘sa parm Cental Sate Are forte RSFSR (THG4 RSFSE Del neo ests) ‘a Torta bole recods of provenance in Far Earn ron, wh edigy ‘ung back the eigtenth century No pie sale for is archive adap fer rise of tling in te poe 1980 dreary o RSFSR ae ‘Ate shor guide or TSGA RSFSR in Mosc was sued in 1973, nly fo ‘lic elato, but, nfrtnat, as an example of rice laa pal ‘es repuding moe recent gue, twat widen sd cased "for iteral se nly." A offal 1988 a rescon a il not bee ite, Before, ery linia list ffs in TSCA RSFSR was auc in 1939, two yas eer be ‘saben, bat before rested the taser fom TYGAOR SOS. That ‘ie descites an exensve rp of istiuonal reat fm misses ot ‘lied agencies n be RSFSR, partly ine of manufacture nd ae at er ile ia 1957, apart ofthe sje regional economic dnstave ‘efors under Nikita Kirach. Thee masve cco, pedoienty ang {fom te 1540s and arty 1930s, were taser fr perma prs tion ie newly estublihed chive. Few of the fonds dt fon ee tan he ed of be 190s, so this eary guide wil tae relatively Feo ofer te rarer for te seca history of exter decades Inston to bit coverage in he 1960 RSFSR ives, hte ae several other desrigtion of TAGA RSFSR tt merit tan Moscow bast rcive—TYGAMO. The Cat Ste Archive cf Moscow Oat TWGAMO CTueurlny.gomdaraennyartiv Mela oblate 113148 Moscow, Azovaslain ul, 17) as cured orpniand, hee ely poste uionay records from oblate nites, Alte ela eel wees Ie te ps were alnays Known iy she State,” aera te “Cetra S'™ archive of parca ob, the Moscow ola rchive ws give i ger ss in 1960, Now administered byte Acie Adair ofthe Meow Oat. Enzcutve Commitee (AU Mossispolo), i ha ben sje to «sin af complicated reoeprizaon in een decades slong wih ober eal Mosca ae ‘rcves "ls crren oration ed alin are eles compecensive ‘new ude aed in 983," This recent ude cuenta for rach aloogh ‘ore description fame fonds, iw tcopar te eater 1989 gi ned ner the ce aume ofthe rive (GAORSS NO," Tow ree abot ‘soy wil aso want to coma he sto ery etry ed lb ea ely ‘hearchive ince in aplication rmbt 1930 A late 1999 ising of aor roots i the chive fas es etal, lthoagh some ution fon ae ‘clad and all hve he then caren fon ates" Labo sures rome the Mow elo rte prod ofthe Fit Five eat Ps rendre surveyed ina 961 ati by a Livesovr, bowever thyme of hes balding of mor paey manip ponennc of ‘Prtnencs cal held bye former OAMO (aber GAORSS MO) have been Eensfeed tothe newly eal Mancow cy archive for posretusionsry Tailings CGAORSS g, Moukvy) (sce below). This woul ince records from Some factories physical let inte of Moro tl nd wae anon fends ftom cy onion organizations sd coun Moscow cy archives. Ae arent of he eguization of Moscow cy aches in 1976, ter ae ow thre spare ani evel cel ste archives in the ‘pla From 1976 to 1988 Dey were all reponsble dived 0 the Arinl ‘Administration of the Mancow City Exeotve Commine (AU Mosgoisplkom), tat starting I988 they wee adminsraively Hakod move coy der the Mossow iy Atri Archiver stove ordi bedinet arto) “Two of hen ar releanthereforpsteaunary bogs, since the tide ‘Conl Sse Historical Arve of te Cy of Moscow T2GIA g. Masky)—lds purely prevsltonry records Al tee re lord in ew bling nace {ibe Racha mx tion (Address 117399 Meso, Profcuaan aL, dar serviced ty modern earch its tain ulege edig rom. Ascot ‘Sing 198, focln scolar are peri et access otis fi. {TAGAORSSg. Mesyy. Mout spore forthe Soviet ped, the Cental Sate ‘Archive ofthe Ocaber Rowton and Sorat Cnsbucton ofthe iy of Mos Coe _TGAORSS g Mosivy (Tol x garudarameny! ary Olibrstt ‘oviuit i etalinichesogo roel seg Mosty)—now bls poster Sy record designed for permanent preservation fom lsat istitons cen {ered within the etal cy Hull. Theoret, there i aw nai, distinc. terra dvsonetween yan oat archiver ners of epson intron rom which ty eve ecords,butaltinug heallocaton of records ‘ropes follow loge pater, ines of emareaton ar occasoaly blared Flowing th orantatonn 97S, THGAOKSS . Mosk wording ook ver ome cy bused ort fom he former GAMO {oom THGAMO). A ie wi ‘et anton of major nde in THGAORSSg, Morir bas ben prepared ads Scholes at tee of 1989. Deal of fond ie eater being hein the ole archive sad ubquety nae tthe ity achive shal beled yt now gua "TGGAKPFD g, Moto, Adorn materi of documentary nae citing Inthe cy of Moscow reno be ia te separ Cena Ste Archive of Fim, Phat and Phonograph Docnesatin of he cy of Mascow—TsGAKFFD ‘Moskry Cental gosndarneny ara tnfotfonodlamen'vg. Mosk). ‘Asher gue the lings of ioc! Moscow anova escive wa ised in Leningrad yan oblast archives, Leal te ecivesin Leningrad ave aso bees ‘worgnized in recent decades. Thee ae now fie ae archives for the cy of ‘eninge and one ado oe for Leingra ols alo wich ress ered the Leningrad Oblast sn City Executive Commis (AU Lemblgoapl om) Five of tes have pertiet holding fo the onteoltionry peso The sinh she Cental Sine Histol Ache of Lsiagred (SGIAL), Store 1969, sicily now ws the Leningrad Sat Wisercal Archive (LOIA), whch hall rervltinary record frm th ity nd gberlia of. Peery." Ginea his compte reorganization, scarcer shoal wary ofthe tings in "be 1960 shor etry of bling in Leningrad wate arches? TGAORSL, Mos tase fr he scl brian of th 120 nd 19908 Cental Sate Arcive ofthe OcterRetion at Soci Dereopent of Uningtad—TGAORSSL (Tew gone erty Oa eos {it stlcichstogo sr Leningrad), wish ten tae fe icp pean epost. Before 198i was knows whe Leg Sut Archive othe OxoherRemistion Soci Deeopmet (LOADS) sate, he Sate Archie af be Osaber Revlon and Seals Cone Lesingrd Oblast (GAORSS LO). The preset chive il eis many of he Iekings desert ine 192 gue. Blog sina he Ce Mossy, emt of es heaton cl tes coe! me ont eae oie the i el—ae held y fe newly erp Ll bln Stat Astve in Vpborg (LOGAN). ta aden to owe changes, sane Delis rom cll rgtztons a Leningrad are dy te newiy sed ‘sr Ste Arve of Leste ad rt Lean GALI, ‘An arte devering sources for abr bor inte former LOAORSS wat piled in 196 mesa vane ao wo for ares appeal nd totem, Mot ote emia n TSGAORSS sr ob xen nye hat were Ise 3 1959 plane LOGY. The former LOAORSS branch archive in Vytorg has now become fe scprat Leningrad Oba Sue Archive ls Vyorg--LOGAW (eningradi abla. ‘i gonanmeny ry: eae The heey hls pon ‘samy psteveatinay recor from Lenigred Oba nso bat cae he city of Leningrad, bt I also had seme sated lca rons for Vhong therm ding to We eget cetury ‘GAL. Unio sinter Cea Sat ce itera ht aig TEOALL tret gsecae eee Troy lan Lena at 90 Kaw ofc ache Lee Sate Ate of Lirase 6 At“LOALT (Lana ersten he thea aah, o ht en tata fe crepes ouch ter eifbyLEAORSS. nba se Sepia pe sang of et agree od Nitin ote ony ena oS