BLOOD

BRIGITTE ANNE FONTE

ALEA ALEXANDRA MARANAN
WHAT IS BLOOD?

• It is a body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrate.

• It transports everything that must be carried from one place to another within
the body— nutrients, hormones, wastes (headed for elimination from the
body), and body heat—through blood vessels. Long before modern medicine,
blood was viewed as magical because when it drained from the body, life
departed as well.
• It is the “river of life”. Blood does circulate (like a river) and delivers nutrients
and oxygen to the body's cells (is life-giving).
• It has four main components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and
platelets.

➢ Plasma is the liquid component of your blood that contributes to 55% of

your blood's total volume. It is necessary to help your body recover from
injury, distribute nutrients, remove waste and prevent infection.
➢ Red blood cells are the most common type of blood cell and the
vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen to the body tissues—
via blood flow through the circulatory system.
➢ White blood cells is a type of blood cell that is made in the bone marrow
and found in the blood and lymph tissue. They help the body fight
infection and other diseases.
➢ Platelets, or thrombocytes, are small, colourless cell fragments in our
blood that form clots and stop or prevent bleeding.

• Blood is unique: It is the only fluid tissue in the body.

THE TWO MAIN BLOOD GROUPS

• ABO

✓ Type A: This blood type has a marker known as A.

✓ Type B: This blood type has a marker known as B.
✓ Type AB: This blood type has both A and B markers.
✓ Type O: This blood type has neither A nor B markers.

• Rh

✓ Rh factor is an inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells. If

your blood has the protein, you're Rh positive. If your blood doesn't have the
protein, you're Rh negative. The "+" or "–" you might see after your blood
type refers to Rh positive or Rh negative.
TYPES OF BLOOD

TYPE A

➢ Contains antigen A; agglutinates with anti-A serum.

BLOOD TYPE DONATE BLOOD RECEIVE BLOOD

TO FROM
A+ AB+, A+ O+, O-, A-, A+

A- A+, A-, AB+, AB- A-, O-

TYPE B

➢ Contains antigen B; agglutinates with anti-B serum.

BLOOD TYPE DONATE BLOOD RECEIVE BLOOD

TO FROM
B+
B+, AB+ B+, B-, O+, O-

B- B-, B+, AB-, AB+ B-, O-

TYPE AB

➢ Contains antigens A and B; agglutinates with both sera

➢ “Universal Recipient”

BLOOD TYPE DONATE BLOOD RECEIVE BLOOD

TO FROM
AB+
AB+ EVERYONE

AB- AB-, AB+ AB-, A-, B-, O-

TYPE O

➢ Contains no antigens; does not agglutinate with either serum.

➢ “Universal Donor”

BLOOD TYPE DONATE BLOOD RECEIVE BLOOD

TO FROM
O+
AB+, O+, A+, B+ O+, O-

O- EVERYONE O-

FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD

Main functions of blood are transportation, protection and homeostasis.

Blood is involved with temperature regulation and protects against foreign
substances, such as microorganisms and toxins.
Blood clotting prevents fluid and cell loss and is part of tissue repair.
Blood transport gases, nutrients, waste products, processed molecules, and
regulatory molecules.
Blood regulates pH as well as fluid and ion balance.

IMPORTANCE OF BLOOD

Blood is essential to life. As blood flows throughout the body, it carries

components that are necessary for life. Without blood, the body's organs
wouldn't be able to acquire the oxygen and nutrition they require for survival,
we couldn't remain warm or cool, fight infections, or get rid of our own waste
products, and we'd weaken and die.

All of the body's components can continue to function by receiving oxygen

and nutrition through the blood. The lungs, kidneys, and digestive system use
the blood to transport carbon dioxide and other waste products for elimination
from the body. Additionally, blood distributes hormones throughout the body
and fights infections.

Our body's systems all use oxygen to generate energy. We wouldn't be able to
perform daily tasks like moving our muscles, digesting food, or thinking if our
blood weren't transporting the oxygen we breathe into our organs and tissues.
Blood sustains our life.