Growth and Development

Growth refers to the increase in mass and size of a body or

organs. It typically occurs through the multiplication of cells and
an increase in intracellular substance

Development refers to the physiological and functional

maturation of the organism. It also refers to the increase in
capacity and skill to effectively function.
 Types of growth
Primary and Secondary Growth: The mitotic divisions in
meristematic cells at the root and shoot apex hikes the
length of the plant. This is called Primary Growth while
Secondary meristem, which results in an increased diameter
of the plant is known as Secondary growth.
 Characteristics of Growth
Plants exhibit the ability to grow throughout their life. It is
because of the presence of meristems at particular locations on
the body and meristems have the capability to divide and self-
perpetuate.

Growth is measurable. Growth is the consequence of the

increase in protoplasm and this rise is not easy to measure.
Growth is measured by different methods such as the rise in dry
weight, the number of cells, volume, hike in fresh weight or
volume.

the position of root apical meristem, vascular cambium and

shoot apical meristem. The arrows show the growth direction of
organs and cells.
External Growth Factors
Light – Light is one of the most crucial components of photosynthesis
in plants.
Temperature – Every organism needs a suitable temperature to
survive, to grow, to develop various tissues and organs, and also to
reproduce.
Water – Plants absorb water through their roots and use it for
photosynthesis and other biochemical processes.
Mineral Nutrients – Other than light, water, and a perfect
temperature, organisms need special nutrients to support their food-
making process and metabolism, which ultimately boosts growth in
them.