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A-level
MATHEMATICS
Topical Test: Numerical Methods

Tuesday 21 February 2023 Time allowed: 2 hours

Materials For Examiner’s Use
l You must have the AQA Formulae for A‑level Mathematics booklet.
l You should have a graphical or scientific calculator that meets the Question Mark
requirements of the specification. 1
Instructions 2
l Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Pencil should only be used for drawing. 3
l Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. 4
l Answer all questions.
l You must answer each question in the space provided for that question. 5
If you require extra space, use an AQA supplementary answer book; do not 6
use the space provided for a different question. 7
l Show all necessary working; otherwise marks for method may be lost.
l Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work that you do not want 8
to be marked. 9
10
Information
l The marks for questions are shown in brackets. 11
l The maximum mark for this paper is [ ] 12
13
Advice
14
l Unless stated otherwise, you may quote formulae, without proof, from the
booklet. 15
l You do not necessarily need to use all the space provided. 16
17
TOTAL

(JUN187357/201)
PB/Jun18/E4 7357/2
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1 The region R enclosed by the lines x ¼ 1 , x ¼ 6 , y ¼ 0 and the curve box

y ¼ ln (8  x)

is shown shaded in Figure 3 below.

Figure 3
y

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x

All distances are measured in centimetres.

1 (a) Use a single trapezium to find an approximate value of the area of the shaded region,
giving your answer in cm2 to two decimal places.
[2 marks]

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1 (b) Shape B is made from four copies of region R as shown in Figure 4 below. box

Figure 4

Shape B is cut from metal of thickness 2 mm

The metal has a density of 10.5 g/cm3

Use the trapezium rule with six ordinates to calculate an approximate value of the
mass of Shape B.

Give your answer to the nearest gram.

[5 marks]

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1 (c) Without further calculation, give one reason why the mass found in part (b) may be:

1 (c) (i) an underestimate.

[1 mark]

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1 (c) (ii) an overestimate.

[1 mark]

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2 A particle is moving in a straight line with velocity v m s1 at time t seconds as shown box
by the graph below.

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 t

2 (a) Use the trapezium rule with four strips to estimate the distance travelled by the
particle during the time period 20  t  100
[4 marks]

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2 (b) Over the same time period, the curve can be very closely modelled by a particular
quadratic.

Explain how you could find an alternative estimate using this quadratic.
[1 mark]

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3 The graph of y ¼ is shown for 0  x  4
x2 þ 1

2
A

0
0 2 4 x

Caroline is attempting to approximate the shaded area, A, under the curve using the
trapezium rule by splitting the area into n trapezia.

3 (a) When n ¼ 4

3 (a) (i) State the number of ordinates that Caroline uses.

[1 mark]

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3 (a) (ii) Calculate the area that Caroline should obtain using this method.

Give your answer correct to two decimal places.

[3 marks]

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3 (b) Show that the exact area of A is

16  ln 17

Fully justify your answer.

[5 marks]

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3 (c) Explain what would happen to Caroline’s answer to part (a)(ii) as n ! 1 box
[1 mark]

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4 The diagram shows a sector of a circle OAB. box

C is the midpoint of OB.

Angle AOB is y radians.

θ
O C B

4 (a) Given that the area of the triangle OAC is equal to one quarter of the area of the
sector OAB, show that y ¼ 2 sin y
[4 marks]

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4 (b) Use the Newton-Raphson method with y 1 ¼ p , to find y 3 as an approximation for y . box
Give your answer correct to five decimal places.
[3 marks]

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4 (c) Given that y ¼ 1.89549 to five decimal places, find an estimate for the percentage
error in the approximation found in part (b).
[1 mark]

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5 The equation x 2 ¼ x 3 þ x  3 has a single solution, x ¼ a box

5 (a) By considering a suitable change of sign, show that a lies between 1.5 and 1.6
[2 marks]

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5 (b) Show that the equation x 2 ¼ x 3 þ x  3 can be rearranged into the form

3
x2 ¼ x  1 þ
x
[2 marks]

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5 (c) Use the iterative formula box

sffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
3
xnþ1 ¼ xn  1 þ
xn

with x1 ¼ 1:5 , to find x2 , x3 and x4 , giving your answers to four decimal places.
[2 marks]

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5 (d) Hence, deduce an interval of width 0.001 in which a lies.

[1 mark]

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6 The function h is defined by box

pffiffiffi
x
h(x) ¼
x3
where h has its maximum possible domain.

6 (a) Find the domain of h.

Give your answer using set notation.

[3 marks]

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6 (b) Alice correctly calculates

h(1) ¼ 0:5 and h(4) ¼ 2

She then argues that since there is a change of sign there must be a value of x in the
interval 1 < x < 4 that gives h(x) ¼ 0

Explain the error in Alice’s argument.

[2 marks]

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6 (c) By considering any turning points of h, determine whether h has an inverse function. box

Fully justify your answer.

[6 marks]

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7 The function f is defined by box

pffiffiffi
f (x) ¼ 3x x  1 where x  0

7 (a) f (x) ¼ 0 has a single solution at the point x ¼ a

By considering a suitable change of sign, show that a lies between 0 and 1

[2 marks]

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7 (b) (i) Show that

3x ð1 þ x ln 9)
f 0 (x) ¼ pffiffiffi
2 x
[3 marks]

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7 (b) (ii) Use the Newton–Raphson method with x1 ¼ 1 to find x3 , an approximation for a . box

Give your answer to five decimal places.

[2 marks]

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7 (b) (iii) Explain why the Newton–Raphson method fails to find a with x1 ¼ 0
[2 marks]

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8 A student is searching for a solution to the equation f (x) ¼ 0 box

He correctly evaluates

f (1) ¼ 1 and f (1) ¼ 1

and concludes that there must be a root between 1 and 1 due to the change of sign.

Select the function f (x) for which the conclusion is incorrect.

Circle your answer.

[1 mark]

1 2x þ 1
f (x) ¼ f (x) ¼ x f (x) ¼ x 3 f (x) ¼
x xþ2

9 The diagram shows a sector OAB of a circle with centre O and radius 2

A B

θ
O

The angle AOB is y radians and the perimeter of the sector is 6

Find the value of y

Circle your answer.

[1 mark]
pffiffiffi
1 3 2 3

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10 (a) By sketching the graphs of y ¼ and y ¼ sec 2 x on the axes below, show that the
x
equation

1
¼ sec 2 x
x
has exactly one solution for x > 0
[3 marks]
y

O
2
x

10 (b) By considering a suitable change of sign, show that the solution to the equation lies
between 0.4 and 0.6
[2 marks]

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10 (c) Show that the equation can be rearranged to give

1
x ¼ cos1 x
2
[2 marks]

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10 (d) (i) Use the iterative formula

1
xnþ1 ¼ cos1 xn
2

with x1 ¼ 0:4 , to find x2 , x3 and x4 , giving your answers to four decimal places.
[2 marks]

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10 (d) (ii) On the graph below, draw a cobweb or staircase diagram to show how convergence
takes place, indicating the positions of x2 , x3 and x4 .
[2 marks]

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

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