Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In the second quarter of 2010 Ford had a pretax profit of nearly $3billion and the company’s market
share had jumped 1.4%. Ford was also considered to be the best-regarded auto brand in the U.S.
according to Kelley Blue Book. The recent success at Ford is attributed to CEO Alan Mulally and his
emphasis on:
a. product mix with Ford trucks and SUVs leading the way
b. teamwork
c. restructuring to a process type design
d. paying back government sponsored bankruptcy debt
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 315|p. 339
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Thinking Ahead | Looking Back MSC: K&C
3. A group is a collection of two or more persons with common interests or objectives, whereas a team:
a. consists of two or more persons who are loosely tied together, yet each member works
independently
b. may be dozens of people who are quickly assembled to perform a task that may only take
a few minutes
c. has several persons but the performance or contribution of any particular member is
inconsequential for the team's output
d. is usually a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a
common goal for which they are mutually accountable
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 316
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Introduction MSC: K&C
4. A small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common mission,
performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable is known as
a/an:
a. group
b. cohesive group
c. work team
d. effective group
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 316
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Introduction MSC: K&C
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .
5. Groups emphasize all of the following except:
a. collective work products
b. individual leadership
c. individual work products
d. individual accountability
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 316
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Introduction MSC: K&C
7. The standards that a work group uses to evaluate the behavior of its members are called:
a. role congruence
b. expectation consistency
c. norms of behavior
d. superordinate goals
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 317
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Norms of Behavior MSC: K&C
8. The behavioral norms expected within work groups and considered to be among the most important
from the organization's perspective are known as:
a. visions
b. organizational culture and credos
c. group cohesion
d. groupthink
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 317
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Norms of Behavior MSC: Analysis
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .
b. supportive of the development of group cohesion
c. detrimental to the group and may cause interpersonal conflict within the group
d. a stimulant to increased group performance
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 318
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Social Loafing MSC: K&C
12. People may engage in immoral acts or even violent behavior as committed members of their group
when:
a. group cohesion declines
b. social loafing is emphasized
c. there is a loss of individuality
d. there is not a norm for moral behavior
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 318
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Loss of Individuality MSC: Analysis
13. All of the following would be considered positive norms of behavior within a group except:
a. consensus decision making
b. shared leadership
c. loss of individuality
d. open discussion, or free exchange, of information concerning problems confronting the
group
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 318
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Loss of Individuality MSC: K&C
14. One of the contributing factors to the violent and aggressive acts that led to the riot that destroyed Los
Angeles following the Rodney King verdict in the early 1990s included:
a. group cohesion
b. loss of individuality
c. group sanctions
d. integrated involvement
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 318
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Loss of Individuality MSC: Analysis
15. According to the group development model discussed in your text, a group addresses which of the
following issues?
a. personal, task, and authority issues
b. cultural, interpersonal, and task issues
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .
c. task, authority, and cultural issues
d. interpersonal, task, and authority issues
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 319
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Stages of Group Development MSC: K&C
16. Which of the following includes the set of interpersonal issues that need to be addressed according to
the group development model?
a. purpose, methods, and outcomes
b. trust, personal comfort, and security
c. trust, personal comfort, and inclusion
d. inclusion, personal comfort, and control
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 319
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Group Formation and Development MSC: K&C
17. According to the group development model, which of the following set of issues need to be addressed
as part of a group’s authority issues?
a. who is in charge, management of power and influence, and security
b. expected group outcomes, who is in charge, and management of power and influence
c. expected group outcomes, who is in charge, and who has the right to tell whom to do what
d. who is in charge, management of power and influence, and who has the right to tell whom
to do what
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 319
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Group Formation and Development MSC: Analysis
18. In the formation of effective groups, diversity is an important consideration. Which of the following is
not a type of diversity in groups?
a. interpersonal
b. ethnics
c. cultural
d. age
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 319
NAT: AACSB: Diversity | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Group Formation and Development MSC: K&C
19. Which of the following would NOT be considered a formal or deliberately designed group in a work
setting?
a. project team
b. council of department heads
c. executive committee
d. lunch hour table group
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 319
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Group Formation and Development MSC: K&C
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .
c. informal group
d. temporary group
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 319
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Group Formation and Development MSC: K&C
22. A group's interpersonal compatibility may be assessed by examining which set of interpersonal needs?
a. need for achievement, inclusion, and control
b. need for affection, achievement, and power
c. need for inclusion, affection, and achievement
d. need for inclusion, control, and affection
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: pp. 319-320
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Group Formation and Development MSC: K&C
23. Dependence on guidance and direction is the defining characteristic in what stage of group
development?
a. norming
b. forming
c. performing
d. adjourning
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 320
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Stages of Group Development MSC: K&C
24. Which stage requires that team members feel they are a part of the team for further progression in
group development to occur?
a. forming
b. storming
c. norming
d. performing
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: p. 320
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Stages of Group Development MSC: K&C
25. At what stage of group development does the leader need to adopt a coaching style due to team
challenges?
a. forming
b. storming
c. norming
d. performing
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 320
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Stages of Group Development MSC: K&C
26. At what stage of group development is the leader’s role primarily one of recognition of the group’s
achievements?
a. forming
b. norming
c. storming
d. adjourning
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 322
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Stages of Group Development MSC: K&C
27. The Science Feature of Chapter 9 provided the results of research that examined the relationship
between psychological collectivism on team performance. Which of the following best reflects the
results of this study?
a. Preference, which is the alignment of team member interests, is beneficial at the time of
group formation.
b. Team member reliance on others in the group taking responsibility can be damaging at the
time of group formation.
c. There is value in acceptance of personal responsibility within the team and in leaders
encouraging team members to get to know one another interpersonally before turning to
the team’s task.
d. All of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 321
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Stages of Group Development | Science Feature MSC: K&C
28. Which of the following statements best reflects the punctuated equilibrium model of group
development?
a. Teams experience relational conflicts at different times and in different contexts.
b. Groups do not necessarily progress linearly from one stage to another in sequential steps
or stages.
c. Groups alternate between periods of inertia and progress toward goals with bursts of
energy.
d. All of these.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 322
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Stages of Group Development MSC: K&C
29. The notion that groups alternate between periods of inertia and bursts of energy as they develop is
most consistent with:
a. storming–norming stage
b. forming–storming stage
c. punctuated equilibrium
d. evolution–revolution in group development
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 322
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Stages of Group Development MSC: K&C
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .
30. Considerable research has examined cohesiveness of groups and its consequences. Which of the
following statements is incorrect with regard to the results of cohesiveness research?
a. Members of a highly cohesive group tend to display and experience less tension and
anxiety than members of a group that exhibits very low cohesiveness.
b. Highly cohesive groups with low productivity standards tend to produce at levels
significantly above groups with low cohesiveness.
c. Groups with low cohesiveness have more difficulty exercising control of members and
enforcing norms.
d. A highly cohesive group has minimal internal competition and can more easily resist
external pressure.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: p. 324
NAT: AACSB: Analytic | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Characteristics of a Mature Group MSC: Analysis
31. The set of authority and task relations among group members is known as:
a. control and sanctions
b. mutual acceptance
c. status structure
d. cohesiveness
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 325
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Characteristics of a Mature Group MSC: K&C
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .
35. An effective team exhibits:
a. no weaknesses
b. shared leadership
c. intragroup conflict
d. formal, designated leadership
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 325
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Characteristics of a Mature Group MSC: Analysis
36. Which of the following statements most accurately reflects research findings on gender and emergent
leadership?
a. Men were more likely to emerge as leaders than women.
b. Women were more likely to emerge as leaders than men.
c. Group members who described themselves in masculine terms were more likely to emerge
as leaders than members who described themselves as feminine.
d. Group members who described themselves in feminine terms were more likely to emerge
as leaders than members who described themselves as masculine.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 326
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Characteristics of a Mature Group MSC: Analysis
37. The Real World Feature (9.1) revealed some of the challenges encountered by the Miami Heat during
the 2011 NBA season after signing LeBron James (LBJ) in the 2010 free agent market. To turn things
around the increase cohesion, LBJ set out guidelines that included all of the following Except:
a. start with sacrifice
b. when the going gets tough, the tough get going
c. adversity is an asset
d. manage from the inside out
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 325
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Characteristics of a Mature Group | Real World 9.1 MSC: K&C
39. Task functions relate to a group's efforts to complete an assignment. These functions include all of the
following except:
a. seeking information
b. coordinating activities
c. testing ideas
d. consensus testing
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: p. 326
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .
TOP: Task and Maintenance Functions MSC: Analysis
40. As a member of a quality circle, you frequently check with other members to make sure all are focused
on the same problem and that everyone has opportunities to contribute. You are performing the group
maintenance function of:
a. seeking consensus
b. testing ideas
c. gatekeeping communication
d. giving information
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: p. 326
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Task and Maintenance Functions MSC: Analysis
44. Cooperative rewards in work teams will have the most effective impact on:
a. speed of performance
b. accuracy of performance
c. individual satisfaction
d. none of these
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 329
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Work Teams Structures and Work Team Process MSC: K&C
45. Work team effectiveness in the new team environment requires attention by management to both:
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .
a. training and work team process
b. team structure and work team training
c. team structure and team process
d. roles and leadership
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 329
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Work Teams Structures and Work Team Process MSC: K&C
46. All of the following are considered important work process issues except:
a. diversity
b. competitive behaviors
c. cooperative behaviors
d. role specification
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 329
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Work Teams Structures and Work Team Process MSC: K&C
47. Which of the following problems would a quality circle NOT likely concern itself?
a. production scheduling
b. machine layout
c. quality inspection procedures
d. pay increases
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 330
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Quality Teams and Circles MSC: Application
49. A small group of employees who work voluntarily on company time, typically one hour per week, to
address work-related problems defines:
a. a quality team
b. a quality circle
c. an empowered team
d. a self-managed team
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 330
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Quality Teams and Circles MSC: K&C
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .
d. interpersonal openness
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: p. 330
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Social Benefits MSC: K&C
51. The two sets of social benefits available to team or group members includes:
a. recognition and integrated involvement
b. integrated involvement and achievement
c. psychological intimacy and recognition
d. psychological intimacy and integrated involvement
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 330
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Social Benefits MSC: K&C
52. Which of the following is most accurate regarding the impact of dissimilarity on teams and team
members?
a. value dissimilarity is negatively related to task conflict
b. functional dissimilarity is negatively related to team involvement
c. value dissimilarity is negatively related to team involvement
d. demographic dissimilarity has no impact on OCB
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: p. 331
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Diversity and Creativity in Teams MSC: K&C
53. All of the following were consequences of work reorganization at Southwest Industries except:
a. a group or team compensation was designed through team effort
b. a one-third decrease in production costs
c. middle managers functioned as facilitators of change and consultants to work teams
d. order lead time decreased by 30 percent
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: p. 334
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Teamwork and Self-Managed Teams MSC: K&C
54. Which of the following is not considered to be a foundation for successful teamwork?
a. working together
b. empowerment skills
c. goal clarity
d. team diversity
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 332
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Teamwork and Self-Managed Teams MSC: K&C
55. Team diversity includes surface level and deep level diversity. Which of the following is not a surface
level indicator of diversity?
a. age
b. values
c. race
d. sex
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 332
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .
NAT: AACSB: Diversity | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Teamwork and Self-Managed Teams MSC: K&C
57. Hambrick and Fukutomi's research on CEO tenure found that the second stage of tenure involved:
a. selecting an enduring corporate theme
b. responding to a Board of Directors mandate
c. convergence or pulling together for performance
d. experimentation
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 335
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Upper Echelons: Teams at the Top MSC: K&C
58. For successful chief executive officers, their peak performance years are usually after:
a. two years
b. ten years
c. five to seven years
d. three to four years
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 335
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Upper Echelons: Teams at the Top MSC: K&C
61. Chief executive Robert Iger of Walt Disney has used “job swapping” as a way of preventing
stagnation. Which of the following is no a possible outcome of executive job swapping?
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .
a. broadening an executive for further advancement
b. failure in the new role
c. loss of experience and perspective
d. all of the above are outcomes
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 336
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
TOP: Diversity at the Top | Real World 9.2 MSC: K&C
TRUE/FALSE
1. All work teams are groups, but not all groups are work teams.
2. Groups emphasize shared leadership, mutual accountability, and collective work products.
3. A group member who becomes a social loafer may negatively affect cohesiveness.
4. The most common way for decisions to be made within a cohesive group is to vote and follow a
simple majority rule.
5. The standards that a work group uses to evaluate the behavior of its members are its norms of
behavior.
6. Performance norms are among the most important group norms from the organization's perspective.
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .
7. Dependence on guidance and direction is the declining characteristic in the forming stage.
9. According to Tuckman, a group goes through predictable stages of development after it is developed.
10. Informal groups do not go through the same stages of group development that formal groups go
through.
11. After its formation, a group goes through stages of development that unfortunately cannot be
predicted.
12. In the performing stage of development, the group requires a coaching style from the leader.
13. The punctuated equilibrium model of group development proposes that groups do not necessarily
progress linearly from one step to another in a predetermined sequence.
14. Role and status structures tend to be highly defined and relatively unchanged in a fully developed
mature group.
15. A highly cohesive group can set performance output at a level below standard.
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
17. A hierarchical status structure within a group facilitates collaborative effort and ensures that each
member contributes according to his/her ability and potential.
18. Company imposed work pressure can disrupt group cohesion by increasing internal competition and
reducing cooperative interpersonal activity.
19. The contributor is data driven, information sensitive, and one who adheres to performance standards.
20. Group maintenance functions are commonly performed or provided by the designated group leader.
21. The primary elements of group structure include goals, operating guidelines, performance measures,
and specification of roles.
22. In order to increase the speed of a group’s performance, competitive rewards would have a better
impact then cooperative rewards.
23. The issue of work team process issues has become less complex in the global workplace due to the
ability to use virtual work teams.
25. Quality teams are different from QCs in that they are less formal.
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .
26. Whereas psychological intimacy is more emotion based, integrated involvement is more behavior and
activity based.
27. Work teams tend to be more effective and efficient when the designated leader is socially and
psychologically distant from team members.
28. Although teams are an essential feature of a total quality work environment, there is a danger of
insufficient training and direction if too many teams are formed quickly.
29. Psychological intimacy and integrated involvement need to be achieved in the same team or group.
30. Self-managed teams are broad-based work teams that deal with issues beyond quality.
31. Employees must be properly focused through careful planning and preparation before the power of
empowerment strikes.
32. Dissimilarity tends to increase the creativity in groups and accordingly has positive impacts on groups.
33. Demographic dissimilarity may have positive or negative effects in teams and on team members.
34. The most critical process skill for empowerment is goal setting.
35. The presence of a wild turkey in the top management team can be a particularly negative force.
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .
MATCHING
1. ANS: C PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
2. ANS: E PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
3. ANS: D PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
4. ANS: B PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
5. ANS: A PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
6. ANS: C PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
7. ANS: D PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
8. ANS: A PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
9. ANS: E PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .
10. ANS: B PTS: 1
NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking | AACSB: Group Dynamics
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .
b. A work team that can make decisions formally made by managers.
c. Top level or executive managers.
d. The shifting of authority and responsibility downward into the organization.
e. To act alone.
21. Delegation
22. Upper Echelon
23. Autonomously
24. Self-Managed Teams
25. Empowerment
ESSAY
1. Identify the stages of group development in Tuckman’s 5-stage model, and briefly discuss the
differences between the 5-stage model and Gersick’s punctuated equilibrium model.
ANS:
Tuckman’s 5-stage model suggests groups progress through five stages of development, which include
forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Groups evolve through the stages in a
sequential fashion with predictable behaviors associated with each stage. Gersick’s model suggests the
5-stage model may be unrealistic. Gersick proposes that groups do not necessarily progress linearly
from one step to another in a predetermined sequence, but alternate between periods of inertia and
bursts of energy as work groups develop.
ANS:
Numerous factors can positively and negatively influence cohesiveness; some of these are size or
number of employees, length of time for task accomplishment and length of time the group is together,
external pressures, organization, location and prestige of the group, group norms, internal competitive
behavior, and closeness of supervision. Large groups (more than 25 to 30 employees) may inhibit the
development of cohesiveness. The longer the time period for group development, the greater the
cohesiveness. External pressures (in the form of close supervision) could accelerate development of
cohesion. The higher the prestige, the more likely cohesiveness will develop. Strong group norms also
increase cohesiveness. However, internal competitive behavior may hinder cohesiveness.
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .
Test Bank for Organizational Behavior Science The Real World and You 8th Edition by Nelson
3. Distinguish between and provide examples of task and maintenance functions of groups.
ANS:
Task functions related to getting the job done, the problem solved, and/or evaluating results. Seeking
and distributing information, assembling and coordinating resources, diagnosing the problem,
assigning personnel, and controlling work activities are task functions. Maintenance functions involve
keeping the group operating in positive ways and retaining individuals or group members. Mutual
support, tension reduction, conflict resolution, and enforcing group norms are maintenance functions.
4. Identify and briefly discuss the four distinguishing characteristics of a mature (well-functioning)
group.
ANS:
The distinguishing characteristics includes (1) a clear purpose and mission, (2) well-understood norms
and standards of conduct, (3) a high level of group cohesion, and (4) a flexible status structure. Stating
the purpose in terms specific goals enhances productivity over and above any performance benefits
achieved through individual goal setting. Behavioral norms for high performance and productivity set
above organizational norms characterizes high performing work groups. Smaller groups tend to be
more cohesive than large groups, and cohesion based on attraction results in effective control over
members with respect to important performance norms. Successful resolution of authority issues
within a group result in a well understood status structure. This contributes to group functioning.
5. Assume you have been selected to serve on a quality team of students to assess teaching performance
in your college. What aspects of teaching and the instructional environment might your team examine?
ANS:
In terms of the instructional environment, you could study course and class scheduling, the mix of
courses (required vs. elective), class size, educational technology (computer, labs, etc.) length of class
periods, course registration procedures, classroom seating arrangements, and physical accessibility for
disabled students. Teaching performance can be assessed by direct observation, pre- and post-course
testing procedures, and through student opinion surveys of teaching effectiveness. Grading procedures,
types of tests and other course requirements, instructor preparedness, instructor availability for
individual assistance, and numerous other aspects of course instruction could be examined.
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part .