Psychology From Inquiry To Understanding Australia 2nd Edition Lilienfeld Test Bank

Psychology From Inquiry to
Understanding Australia 2nd Edition

Lilienfeld Test Bank
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Chapter 9
1) The original purpose of the first intelligence test was to
A) identify areas of academic weakness in grade school children.

B) identify which children were likely to do well in school.
C) identify which children were likely to benefit from vocational education.
D) identify which students were in need of accelerated instruction.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 351
Learning Outcome: 9.1
2) Measuring intelligence by testing is a rather new concept in the history of the world. The idea of such testing came from
________.
A) the United States

B) the United Kingdom
C) the Soviet Union
D) France
3) People began measuring intelligence through tests roughly ________ years ago.
A) 50
B) 100
C) 200
D) 500
4) With all the controversy that surrounds intelligence testing, what is the most likely explanation as to why it is still a good
predictor of classroom performance?
A) The original intelligence tests were focused on predicting academic achievement.

B) Many teachers focus their lessons on items contained on those intelligence tests.
C) Most intelligence tests focus on vision and hearing, which are both important in the classroom.
D) The creators of the first intelligence test were focused on special learners, so the test was not as difficult as it should have
been.
5) Who is engaged in abstract thinking?
A) Susie, who says that most apples are coloured red

B) Benito, who says the sun might explode one day
C) Gene, who argues that the Red Sox are better than the Yankees this year
D) Marlita, who says her favourite television show is Hannah Montana
6) Alfred Binet and Sir Francis Galton would have likely disagreed about
A) the extent to which our senses influence intelligence.

B) the extent to which tests can measure intelligence.
C) the extent to which intelligence tests were reliable.
D) the extent to which intelligence tests were objective measures.
7) Who would have supported the notion that intelligence resulted from a single ability and could be represented by a
single test score?
A) Gardner
B) Spearman
C) Sternberg
D) Binet
8) According to Spearman, it is one's ________ intelligence that produces the positive correlations found between
vocabulary, spatial ability, and verbal reasoning tests.
A) general
B) emotional
C) crystallised
D) fluid
9) Ms Bouvier is a first-grade teacher. She has just given Chelsea her screening test in the area of reading. Chelsea scored
very high in word recognition, so Ms Bouvier assumes she will score high on the rest of the test. It is clear that Ms Bouvier
believes in the ________ factor of intelligence.
A) g
B) s
C) a
D) r
10) In addition to general intelligence, Charles Spearman believed that intelligence scores also reflected
A) specific intellectual abilities, or s factors.

B) fluid intelligence, or f factors.
C) crystallised intelligence, or c factors.
D) genetic abilities.
11) ________ hypothesised that there was one single common factor (g) that accounted for the intellectual differences
among people.
12) ________ intelligence refers to the accumulated knowledge we acquire as we age.

13) The distinction between fluid intelligence and crystallised intelligence was first postulated by
A) James McKeen Cattell and Louis Thurstone.

B) Robert Sternberg and Howard Gardner.
C) Raymond Cattell and John Horn.
D) Charles Spearman and William Stern.
14) The type of intelligence that allows you to learn to play your first few notes on a saxophone is called
A) crystallised intelligence.
B) emotional intelligence.
C) abstract intelligence.
D) fluid intelligence.
15) Because Ken's history lecturer was a university student during the 1970s, he has extraordinary insight and knowledge
of facts concerning the Vietnam War era. This knowledge is associated with the term
A) crystallised intelligence.
B) fluid intelligence.
C) general intelligence.
D) multiple intelligence.
16) Brandon can name all 50 states and their capitals. Which type of intelligence is he relying most on?
A) Semantic
B) Fluid
C) Crystallised
D) Static
17) According to Gardner, there are as many as ________ types of intelligence.
A) three
B) five
C) seven
D) nine
18) A theory of intelligence with eight components (and one tentative addition) was postulated by ________.
A) Gardner
B) Spearman
C) Sternberg
D) Terman
19) Whose theory suggests that Tiger Woods's ability to hit a golf ball might be considered a form of intelligence?
A) Spearman
B) Galton
C) Binet
D) Gardner
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 353-354
20) Kenneth is especially skilled when it comes to chart-reading, map-reading, and graph-reading tasks. According to
Gardner, Kenneth's skills reflect ________ intelligence.
A) spatial
B) linguistic
C) logic-mathematical
D) naturalistic
21) Stephanie's friends describe her as someone who has the uncanny ability to say the right thing at the right time
whenever someone is in need. According to Gardner, Stephanie's skills may reflect a type of ________ intelligence.
A) naturalistic
B) emotional
C) interpersonal
D) intrapersonal
22) Corrie is well-liked by all her classmates. She has lots of friends and is always one of the first people chosen whenever
there are group projects. According to Gardner, at which type of intelligence does Corrie likely excel?
A) Interpersonal
B) Intrapersonal
C) Naturalistic
D) Spatial
23) The phrase "know thyself" most accurately reflects ________ intelligence.
A) naturalistic
B) interpersonal
C) linguistic
D) intrapersonal
24) Marcos, a zoology professor, has always been fascinated by the study of alligators, crocodiles, and lizards. According to
Gardner, Marcos is strong in the area of ________ intelligence.
A) kinesthetic
B) naturalistic
C) spatial
D) logical
25) Which of the following principles of critical thinking represents one of the difficulties with Gardner's theory of
intelligence?
A) Replicability
B) Diversity
C) Accuracy
D) Falsifiability
26) What three types of intelligence constitute Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?
A) Global, intuitive, and special

B) General, global, and specific
C) Mathematical, reasoning, and verbal
D) Analytical, creative, and practical
27) According to Sternberg's theory, which of the following statements is the most accurate?
A) Creative intelligence is similar to crystallised intelligence.

B) Practical intelligence involves our ability to use original thinking to solve problems.
C) Analytical intelligence is similar to Spearman's g factor of intelligence.
D) Practical intelligence is similar to Gardner's naturalistic intelligence.
28) ________ suggested that intelligence could be comprised of musical ability, athletic ability, interpersonal skills, and
public-speaking ability, in addition to several other skills.
29) Gardner's intelligence type that is associated with the ability to excel in the arena of sports is ________ intelligence.
30) ________ proposed that intelligence was comprised of analytical, practical, and creative-thinking skills.
31) According to Sternberg, ________ intelligence is akin to the ability to reason logically.
A) analytical
B) creative
C) practical
D) fluid
32) According to the triarchic theory of intelligence, "street smarts" is to ________ intelligence as "book smarts" is to
________ intelligence.
A) creative; analytical
B) creative; practical
C) practical; analytical
D) fluid; crystallised
33) Shalissa is described as being tactful and able to analyse situations to her advantage. She is probably high in ________.
A) analytical intelligence
B) creative intelligence
C) practical intelligence
D) general intelligence
34) Justin was an average student in school. He ultimately earned his college degree, barely maintaining a "C" average. He
has since been named manager of a local retail store and is responsible for the store's unprecedented success. According to
Sternberg, at what type of intelligence does Justin excel?
A) Social
B) Practical
C) Analytical
D) Creative
35) According to Robert Sternberg, ________ is the ability to deal with new and different concepts and to come up with
new ways of solving problems.
36) According to Robert Sternberg, ________ is best described as "street smarts", or the ability to use information to get
along in life.
37) Which of the following statements is true concerning the relationship between brain size and intelligence?
A) The higher the brain volume is, the higher the intelligence test scores.
B) Higher brain volume causes higher intelligence test scores.
C) The higher the brain volume is, the lower the intelligence test scores.
D) Higher brain volume is unrelated to intelligence test scores.
38) General findings are that there is a moderate positive correlation–about .3 to .4–between brain size and measured
intelligence. We must remember, however, that this relationship does not mean that having a bigger brain is directly
responsible for higher intelligence. Some third variable, such as better nutrition, might explain this relationship. This
reminds us of the critical-thinking concept of
A) correlation versus causation.

B) replicability.
C) Occam's Razor.
D) extraordinary claims.
39) Which of the following methods would be best for investigating the correlates of differences between high and low IQ
scorers?
A) Using brain-imaging techniques to investigate which parts of the brain are more active on certain tasks
B) Using learning styles questionnaires to assess learning preferences
C) Using personality measures to assess behaviours and attitudes
D) Using vocational interest inventories to assess future career ambitions
40) Which subdivision of the cortex is most active on tasks involving planning, impulse control, and short-term memory?
A) Parietal cortex
B) Temporal lobes
C) Prefrontal cortex
D) Occipital cortex
41) Which of the following areas of the brain, by virtue of its dense neural connections to other brain structures, might
actually be the "command and control centre" of human intelligence?
A) The lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

B) The corpus callosum
C) The prefrontal cortex
D) The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST)
42) Concerning intelligence and memory, which statement is true?
A) Intelligence test scores tend to be positively correlated with scores on short-term memory tests.
B) Intelligence test scores tend to be negatively correlated with scores on short-term memory tests.
C) Intelligence test scores tend to be unrelated to scores on short-term memory tests.
D) Intelligence test scores tend to be inversely correlated with scores on short-term memory tests.
43) If you want to preserve your level of intelligence, which of the following should you be most concerned with?
A) A hard blow to the side of your head

B) A hard blow to the back of your head
C) A hard blow to the front of your head
D) A hard blow to any part of the head will have the same impact on intelligence.
44) The brain region found to be most active in tasks that involve planning, reasoning, and short-term memory is the
________.
45) The correlations between different assessed aspects of intelligence as measured by the Binet-Simon intelligence test
formed the basis of Spearman's concept of one general intelligence. These correlations have been supported by the use of
modern intelligence tests. The repeated findings of similar outcomes is the key to which critical-thinking concept?
A) Correlation versus causation

B) Replicability
C) Extraordinary claims
D) Falsifiability
46) Which of the following is an intelligence test that is commonly used to assess the cognitive functioning of children?
A) MMPI-2
B) Ravens Progressive Matrices
C) WAIS
D) WPPSI
47) A question asking why people need birth certificates would fall under which subscale area of the WAIS?
A) Comprehension
B) Information
C) Vocabulary
D) Evaluation
48) ________, a professor of psychology at Stanford University, revised the Binet—Simon scale and released it in a form
that is still used today (in its fifth edition).
A) William Stern
B) Lewis Terman
C) Henri Simon
D) David Wechsler
49) Binet and Simon's intelligence test included ________ items as one subtest area.
A) drawing pictures from memory

B) reciting poems
C) object assembly
D) tests of athletic ability
50) What famous quote from the movie Forrest Gump best exemplifies Edwin Boring's definition of intelligence?
A) "Life is like a box of chocolates."

B) "Run, Forrest, run!"
C) "Stupid is as stupid does."
D) "My name is Forrest ... Forrest Gump."
51) The cousin of Charles Darwin who believed that intelligence is a byproduct of sensory capacity was ________.
A) Alfred Binet
B) James Cattell
C) Henri Simon
D) Sir Francis Galton
52) Which researcher studied the effects of sensory abilities on intelligence?
A) Alfred Binet
B) Henri Simon
C) Sir Francis Galton
D) Charles Spearman
53) Despite Sir Francis Galton's belief that intelligence was strongly related to one's sensory capacity, later research found
that possessing one exceptional sense, like heightened hearing, highly correlated with overall intelligence. This is
important because it reminds us of the critical-thinking concept of
A) falsifiability.
B) correlation versus causation.
C) Occam's Razor.
D) ruling out rival hypotheses.
54) Frank doesn't necessarily have a high IQ as measured on standardised intelligence tests, but he is well aware of his
strengths and weaknesses. He chooses jobs that suit his strengths and is particularly skilled at adapting to any changes in
his environment. Frank likely has high ________ intelligence as defined in the triarchic theory.
A) creative
B) analytical
C) experiential
D) practical
55) "Tacit" intelligence is most related to which aspect of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?
A) Practical intelligence
B) Analytical intelligence
C) Fluid intelligence
D) Creative intelligence
56) This person devised a simple formula for calculating an index of intelligence, or intelligence quotient (IQ).
A) Theo Simon
B) Wilhelm Stern
C) Franz Gall
D) Louis Thurstone
57) Who has the highest IQ?
A) Clarissa, with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 9

B) Matt, with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 10
C) Cecilee, with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 7
D) They would all be close in IQ; the difference would not be significant.
58) William Stern's formula for the intelligence quotient was mental age/chronological age × 100. What is the IQ of a
12-year-old with a mental age of 9?
A) 75
B) 85
C) 125
D) 135
59) Twelve-year-old Arnold received an IQ test score of 75. What is his mental age?
A) 9
B) 10
C) 5
D) 7
60) Stern's formula for calculating IQ is ________.
61) The IQ of a 10-year-old with a mental age of 12 would be ________.

62) What is the IQ of a 12-year-old with a mental age of 16?
A) 147
B) 70
C) 133
D) 145
63) Based on IQ score information as described by Stern, a student with an IQ score of 120 is likely to answer IQ test
questions like someone who is age ________, even though the student is only ________.
A) 10; 12
B) 12; 11
C) 10; 8
D) 12; 10
64) Which of the following describes the main reason for using the deviation IQ formula instead of Stern's MA/CA × 100
formula to represent IQ scores?
A) Stern's formula underpredicts IQ scores for those under 20 years old.

B) Stern's formula is more difficult to calculate.
C) A 90-year-old would not likely be able to achieve an IQ of 100 using Stern's formula.
D) The older you are, the higher your IQ score will be according to Stern's formula.
65) Because of the need to measure the IQ of people of varying ages, newer IQ tests base their evaluation of IQ on ________.
A) mental age alone

B) deviation scores from the mean of the normal distribution
C) giving extra points for older people to compensate for their slower processing times
D) physical tests rather than pen-and-paper tests
66) The deviation IQ score
A) compares mental age to chronological age.

B) is an IQ score expressed as a standard deviation.
C) is a culture-free IQ score.
D) is an IQ score relative to one's same-aged peers.
67) After being referred for testing, Angela scored 102 on an IQ test. Angela is now likely to be
A) placed in a special education class.

B) given accommodations due to her low test scores.
C) left with no special placement.
D) placed in a gifted and talented programme.
68) Which movement was Hitler's rise to power and his quest to produce the master race analogous to?
A) Ebonics
B) Darwinism
C) Genocide
D) Eugenics
69) Concerning the historical misuses of IQ testing, which is true?
A) Immigrants scoring low on IQ tests usually did so because of a lack of familiarity with the English language.
B) A majority of immigrants who were given IQ tests tended to score in the average to above average range.
C) IQ tests given to immigrants in the early 1900s were valid measures of intelligence.
D) Women tended to outscore men on IQ tests during the early 1900s.
70) Which views would the eugenics movement have been most likely to support?
A) Using IQ testing as a way to measure the quality of teaching and learning occurring in the schools
B) Using IQ testing as a way to pinpoint areas of weakness in the curriculum
C) Using selective breeding as a way to create an intellectually superior race of people
D) Creating IQ tests that are less culturally and racially biased
71) The expressed purpose of the eugenics movement was to
A) improve a population's genetic stock by way of delivering increased educational training for those with high IQs.
B) improve a population's genetic stock by implementing sterilisation plans for those of low IQ to prevent them from
breeding.
C) improve a population's genetic stock by way of delivering increased educational training for those with low IQs.
D) improve a population's genetic stock by way of providing those with low IQ increased access to higher education.
72) Describe at least three ways in which IQ tests have been misused historically.
73) One of the first psychologists to misuse intelligence tests by administering them as a qualification for immigration into
the United States was
A) Gardner.
B) Sternberg.
C) Goddard.
D) Spearman.
74) The WAIS assesses performance across ________ different levels of intelligence.
A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 9
75) One's verbal comprehension IQ score on the WAIS primarily relates to which type of intelligence?
A) Fluid
B) Crystallised
C) Emotional
D) Multiple
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 353 & 360
76) The WAIS-IV, the most recent edition of this test, contains ________ different subtests that assess five different areas of
intelligence.
77) The ________ is the most widely used intelligence test for adults.
78) In your estimation, which subtests of the WAIS do you believe are most significantly environmentally influenced?
79) An item asking you about the temperature at which water boils would be found on the ________ subscale section of the
WAIS.
80) Items asking you to arrange blocks into a particular design are found on the ________ subscale section of the WAIS.
81) Items on the WAIS asking you to repeat random numbers forward and backward are found on the ________ subscale
section of the WAIS.
82) According to the WAIS, items requiring people to look at a visual stimulus with an essential part missing and identify
the absent element is called ________.
A) picture completion
B) object assembly
C) picture arrangement
D) block design
83) Which of the following subtests of the WAIS is the least likely to contain culturally biased items?
A) Vocabulary
B) Similarities
C) Picture completion
D) Comprehension
84) Which of the following subtests of the WAIS is most likely to contain culturally biased items?
A) Arithmetic
B) Digit span
C) Block design
D) Vocabulary
85) Culture-fair tests attempt to measure ________.
A) the intelligence of people coming from inside the culture in which the test was devised
B) cultural background
C) the effects of culture on people's intellectual and creative skills
D) the intelligence of people coming from outside the culture in which the test was devised
86) Zoe wants to test the IQ of a group of ESL students who do not speak any English. What test might you recommend to
her?
A) Stanford-Binet
B) Raven's Progressive Matrices
C) WISC-IV
D) WPPSI
87) What is a dominant characteristic of culture-fair IQ tests?
A) Minimal verbal skills are required.

B) They feature a large number of items pertaining to the test taker's culture.
C) They offer a large percentage of math-based questions to reduce the strain on language.
D) They are always administered orally.
88) Describe two ways in which IQ tests can be culturally biased. What would be the primary feature of a "culture-fair" IQ
test?
89) Ken received a score of 125 on the WAIS and is taking it again in three weeks. What should we expect about Ken's
upcoming test score?
A) Ken should score nearly the same on the second administration of the test.
B) Ken should score slightly higher on the second administration due to item familiarity.
C) Ken should score lower on the second administration because it is hard to replicate such a high score.
D) Ken should score slightly higher on the second administration due to increased motivation.
90) Regarding the stability of IQ test scores throughout the life span, which is generally assumed to be true?
A) IQ scores in infancy are negatively correlated with IQ scores in adulthood.

B) IQ scores in infancy are not strongly correlated with IQ scores in adulthood.
C) IQ scores in infancy are strongly correlated with IQ scores in adulthood.
D) IQ scores obtained in infancy are relatively stable over time.
91) Psychological tests that yield relatively consistent results are said to be ________.
A) valid
B) normed
C) reliable
D) standardised
92) On a newly-developed IQ test, an individual scores at the 110 level on the first half of the test, and 150 on the second
half of the test. What does this test appear to lack?
A) Reliability
B) Standardisation
C) Predictive validity
D) Appropriate norms
93) IQ tests for children tend to measure ________, while adult IQ tests tend to measure ________.
A) logical reasoning; abstract reasoning

B) comprehension; abstract reasoning
C) memory skills; abstract reasoning
D) sensory skills; abstract reasoning
94) Hannah took a reading test to see what her level of reading ability was. Although the tests did measure something
related to reading skills, the first test showed that she had very poor reading skills, whereas the second test showed she
had average reading skills. Which of the following is TRUE regarding this scenario?
A) The reading tests are likely valid but not reliable.

B) The reading tests did not measure what they were intended to measure.
C) The reading tests did not demonstrate validity.
D) The tests had low validity and low reliability.
95) A test that is classified as a "valid" measure is one that
A) measures what it is intended to measure.

B) produces repeatable scores over time.
C) allows for comparison across groups of people.
D) produces both repeatable scores and measures what it is intended to measure.
96) A psychological test that measures what we intend it to measure is said to be ________.
A) valid
B) normed
C) reliable
D) standardised
97) In the Middle Ages, people accused of being witches were often tested by being dunked in a river or pond. If they
floated to the surface, they were condemned as witches. If they sank and drowned, they were posthumously acquitted.
This test obviously lacks
A) reliability.
B) norms.
C) validity.
D) bias.
98) If you discover a near zero correlation between some firefighters' aptitude test scores and their actual performance on
the job, you can conclude that the test is
A) valid.
B) reliable.
C) not reliable.
D) not valid.
99) Most standardised tests of intelligence have a distribution of scores that ________.
A) follows the bell curve

B) has a positive skew
C) has a negative skew
D) appears bimodal with two peaks of high frequency
100) Approximately what percentage of IQ scores falls between 70 and 130?
A) 50 per cent
B) 67 per cent
C) 75 per cent
D) 95 per cent
101) Regarding bell curve assumptions, which of the following is true?
A) About 95 per cent of the population will achieve an IQ test score between 70 and 130.
B) About 75 per cent of the population will achieve an IQ test score above 130.
C) About 20 per cent of the population will achieve an IQ test score below 70.
D) About 20 per cent of the population will achieve an IQ test score above 150.
102) Which of these is an element of the formal definition of intellectual disability?
A) Inadequate adaptive functioning in a variety of areas

B) Evidence of brain damage
C) Slower than normal reflexes
D) Onset of deficits prior to age six
103) An IQ score below ________ may lead to a classification of intellectual disability.
A) 100
B) 90
C) 80
D) 70
104) Which of the following individuals might be suffering from intellectual disability?
A) Camille, who has an IQ of 67 as a result of a motorcycle accident when she was 35

B) Ivan, who was assessed with an IQ of 62 when he was nine and lives with his mother now that he's an adult
C) Jess, who has an IQ of 68 and lives by herself
D) Arius, who has an IQ of 82 and holds down a job as a custodian
105) Some experts have emphasised ________ as an essential criterion of intellectual disability, since the inability to protect
one's self from scams and being taken advantage of is an important aspect of cognitive limitations.
A) gullibility
B) extraversion
C) victimality
D) neuroticism
106) Which classification of developmental delay affects most of the population classified in this fashion?
A) Mild
B) Moderate
C) Severe
D) Profound
107) The term "intellectual disability" is associated with IQ scores falling under ________.
108) Although those with high IQs are found across professional fields, which professional group tends to obtain the
highest average IQs?
A) Social workers
B) Law enforcement officers
C) University professors
D) Plumbers
109) In order to qualify for membership in an organisation called Mensa, you would need to have an intelligence quotient
that is in the top ________ per cent of the IQ range.
A) .1
B) .5
C) 1
D) 2
110) The term "Terman's Termites" refers to ________.
A) a set of developmentally delayed students that Terman studied intensively

B) a group of Army soldiers who, on the basis of their IQ, were followed through their military career
C) a sample of gifted children who were studied and followed into adulthood
D) a group of individuals from the National Institute of Mental Health who are responsible for overseeing research on
intelligence in children
111) What did Terman's groundbreaking study of gifted children accomplish?
A) It put to rest the myths that existed about genius in the early part of the twentieth century.
B) It proved that gifted children and adults are more prone to mental illnesses or odd behaviour than other groups.
C) It demonstrated that they also have more than their share of failures.
D) It demonstrated that genius is the only factor that influences real success in life.
112) The first true longitudinal study of the effects of giftedness on social success was conducted by ________.
A) Wechsler
B) Terman
C) Binet
D) Merrill
113) Which of the following is representative of Sir Francis Galton's perspective on the causes of IQ?
A) Galton believed that intelligence was determined 50 per cent by environment and 50 per cent by genes.
B) Galton placed a lot of stock in heredity and believed that genes significantly influenced IQ.
C) Galton was an environmentalist and believed that social factors significantly influenced IQ.
D) Galton believed that intelligence was a trait that changed significantly over time.
114) Who coined the phrase "nature and nurture"?
A) Alfred Binet
B) Sir Francis Galton
C) Charles Darwin
D) Thomas Bouchard
115) ________ twin types are found to have the most similar IQs.
116) Identical twins have IQ correlations around .7 to .8, whereas fraternal twins have IQ correlations of about .3 to .4.
What do these correlations suggest?
A) Identical twins have very similar IQs while fraternal twins do not.
B) Both identical twins and fraternal twins have similar IQs.
C) Fraternal twins have very similar IQs while identical twins do not.
D) Neither identical twins nor fraternal twins have very similar IQs.
117) Which of the following statements about heredity and intelligence is TRUE?
A) Similarities in intelligence between identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different houses must be
due to heredity.
B) Differences in intelligence between identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different houses must be
due to heredity.
C) Differences in intelligence between identical twins must be due to differences in their environments.
D) If identical twins are separated at birth and raised in different homes, yet still have similar intelligence scores, the
similarity in their scores must be due to hereditary influences.
118) If intelligence is determined primarily by heredity, which pair should show the highest correlation between IQ scores?
A) Fraternal twins
B) Identical twins
C) Brothers and sisters
D) Parents and children
119) Which of the following is true concerning "twin study" research findings?
A) Identical twins and fraternal twins share similarly high IQ correlations.

B) Fraternal twins have more similar IQ scores than identical twins.
C) Identical twins have more similar IQ scores than fraternal twins.
D) Identical twins raised together have less similar scores than identical twins raised apart.
120) Based on your understanding of family, twin, and adoption studies, provide examples of findings that would support
the claim that intelligence is chiefly genetically determined.
121) Research involving family and adoption studies have demonstrated that
A) the higher the percentage of shared genes between people, the higher their IQ correlations will be.
B) siblings reared together and cousins reared together have similar IQ correlations.
C) the correlations between the IQ scores of cousins reared together are very strong.
D) the correlations between the IQ scores of cousins reared together are negative.
122) According to the research of psychologist ________, people who believe that intelligence is a fixed quality that does
not change tend to take fewer academic risks, such as enrolling in more challenging classes.
A) Carol Dweck
B) Phillip Zimbardo
C) James Rogers
D) Nels Sandaahl
123) Regarding IQ similarities between parents and adopted children, which findings are most common?
A) Over time, the IQs of adopted children are more similar to their biological parents than their adoptive parents.
B) Over time, the IQs of adopted children are more similar to their adoptive parents than their biological parents.
C) Adoptive parents do not tend to have much influence on their children's IQs.
D) Biological parents do not tend to have much influence on their children's IQs.
124) Which is true regarding correlational research that focuses on family size and IQ?
A) Children from larger families report higher IQs than children from smaller families.
B) Children from smaller families report higher IQs than children from larger families.
C) The IQ correlations of children from large families are similar to the IQ correlations of children from small families.
D) Positive correlations between family size and IQ have mainly been found.
125) According to Robert Zajonc, which of the following individuals would be likely to have the lowest intelligence?
A) Erika, who is an only child

B) Roscoe, who is the second born of four children
C) Ennis, who is the youngest of five children
D) Jessica, who is the only child in her family and who was adopted
126) Which statement would best reflect Arthur Jensen's views concerning IQ and preschool enrichment programmes?
A) Exceptional teaching strategies can boost children's IQ scores.

B) Preschool enrichment programmes are likely to negatively affect children's IQ scores.
C) Preschool enrichment programmes cannot appreciably boost children's IQ scores.
D) Preschool enrichment programmes can significantly boost children's IQ scores.
127) Rosenthal's "bloomers" study demonstrated that
A) higher teacher expectations of students led to higher academic performance.

B) students who believed they were smart outperformed those who did not believe that they were smart.
C) students who believed they were less intelligent performed worse than students believing that they were more
intelligent.
D) students with high achievement motivation tended to outperform students with low achievement motivation.
128) The phenomenon of IQ test scores rising three points per decade is referred to as the ________.
129) The "Flynn effect" refers to
A) the finding that IQ scores have stayed the same over the last decade.
B) the finding that IQ scores have steadily increased over the last decade.
C) the finding that IQ scores have steadily decreased over the last decade.
D) the finding that IQ scores are negatively correlated with education levels.
130) In the 1980s, political scientist James Flynn observed that the IQs of Americans were rising at a rate of about ________
point(s) per decade.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
131) According to the Flynn effect, for at least several generations
A) the IQ scores of children are higher than those of their parents and grandparents.
B) the IQ scores of children are lower than those of their parents.
C) the IQ scores of both children and parents have remained about the same.
D) there is no correlation between the IQ scores of children and their parents.
132) General findings concerning gender differences and IQ scores reveal that
A) women tend to score higher on some spatial ability tasks than men.
B) women tend to score higher on some verbal tasks than men.
C) women tend to score higher on some advanced maths reasoning tasks than do men.
D) women tend to score higher on some geographical tasks than men.
133) No matter how hard she tries, Karen can never seem to do as well as her brother when it comes to tasks such as
reading maps, solving mazes, or mentally orienting objects in proper fashion. Karen's experience
A) is cause for concern and may reflect damage in the prefrontal cortex.
B) is cause for concern and may reflect perceptual problems.
C) is not cause for concern, as this is a trend that occurs quite often.
D) is not cause for concern because her brother likely has a special talent.
134) Women tend to outscore men on ________ tasks.

135) Men tend to outscore women on ________ tasks.

136) Which of the following factors are cited by the authors as being at least partially responsible for the
underrepresentation of women in the "hard sciences"?
A) Discrimination and societal expectations

B) Genetic disadvantages
C) Stereotype threat
D) Demand characteristics
137) The difference between the scores of African Americans and Caucasians has been estimated to be as high as ________
points.
A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 25
138) Which controversial book caused a rather significant uproar when its authors, Richard Herrnstein and Charles
Murray, suggested that some of the IQ gap between the races is genetic in origin?
A) The Cottingley Fairies

B) Outliers
C) The Mismeasure of Man
D) The Bell Curve
139) In the 1960s, a psychologist named Arthur Jensen claimed the difference in scores on IQ tests between African
Americans and White Americans was due to
A) social circumstances.
B) environmental disadvantages.
C) genetics.
D) educational opportunities.
140) Dr Cho wants to know if differences in the growth rate of fish are based on genetics or the environment. He buys two
fish. Fish 1 is fed every day, while fish 2 is fed every other day. At the end of a month, fish 1 is nearly 15 per cent larger than
fish 2) . Considering the fish have a nearly identical genetic makeup, what can Dr Cho conclude?
A) Environmental changes can account for all the differences in growth rate.
B) Genetic influences must account for a majority of the differences in growth rate.
C) Environmental conditions were more favourable for fish 2.
D) Differences in growth rate cannot be determined by this simple experiment.
141) Which of the following is an example of "stereotype threat"?
A) Julie becomes anxious when told that women perform worse than men on standardised maths tests, but she uses this as
incentive to earn a high score on the SAT maths section.
B) Julie becomes anxious when told that women perform worse than men on standardised maths tests and, even though
she is a gifted mathematician, she performs below average on the SAT maths section.
C) Julie is told that women perform worse than men on standardised math tests, but she ignores this information and earns
a high score on the SAT maths section.
D) Julie is told that women perform worse than men on standardised math tests, but her preparation for the test allows her
to earn a high score on the SAT maths section.
142) Taylor is the only girl on her baseball team. Today she will be playing in the championship game and is worried that
she will not be able to play as well as she usually does because she was told that girls always do worse in the big games.
What concept is being represented?
A) Between-group heritability
B) Confirmation bias
C) Stereotype threat
D) Test bias
143) The tendency to underperform on standardised tests due to perceptions that you come from a group that has fared
poorly on such tests is called ________.
144) The ability to produce solutions to problems that are novel and successful is called ________.
A) creativity
B) insight
C) latent learning
D) convergent thinking
145) Professor Bach hands each of his students an eraser. He then asks them to list as many possible uses for the eraser as
they can think of. Which aspect of thought was Professor Bach exploring?
A) Divergent thinking
B) Convergent thinking
C) Dichotomous thinking
D) Creative thinking
146) What type of thinking could be described as taking different directions in search of a variety of answers to a question?
A) Decisive
B) Convergent
C) Heuristic
D) Divergent
147) A person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point. The
person is engaging in ________.
A) functional thinking
B) circular thinking
C) convergent thinking
D) divergent thinking
148) Which type of thinking is most closely related to creativity?

A) Heuristic
B) Divergent
C) Insightful
D) Convergent
149) Linus, Adjoa, and Jelani were all asked by their professor to take 60 seconds and list as many different uses for a note
card as they could think of in that time frame. Jelani came up with two uses and Linus came up with only one. Adjoa,
however, was able to come up with fourteen uses for a note card. Based on the research, which of the following is likely
true of Adjoa?
A) She is a convergent thinker.

B) She prefers to think in a conventional manner.
C) She is experienced a mental set.
D) She is a divergent thinker.
150) Which of the following questions would be more likely to produce divergent thinking?
A) "What is a stapler?"
B) "How do you spell stapler?"
C) "How many uses can you think of for a stapler?"
D) "What does a stapler look like?"
151) ________ thinking refers to the capacity to generate the single best solution to a problem.
A) Convergent
B) Divergent
C) Crystallised
D) Creative
152) Marvis, the manager of a large business, always says, "Those are all great ideas, but now we need to pick the best one".
What aspect of thought is Marvis focusing on?
A) Divergent thinking
B) Convergent thinking
C) Dichotomous thinking
D) Thinking outside the box
153) A form of intelligence that refers to how effectively people perceive and understand their own feelings and the
feelings of others, and can regulate and manage their emotional behaviour, is ________ intelligence.
A) interpersonal
B) emotional
C) crystallised
D) fluid
154) Dillan really wants a turn at the swing, but there are two more children in front of him. If Dillan pushes the other two
children out of the way, it will be his turn, but the other children will be angry and might get hurt. What aspect of thought
is involved in Dillan's decision making?
A) Emotional intelligence
B) Social intelligence
C) Ideological intelligence
D) Empathetic intelligence
155) Kabi is a well-respected supervisor at a major corporation. Co-workers describe her as very self-aware, empathic
toward others, and very good at managing relationships. Based on this information, it is likely that Kabi has a high degree
of
A) heritability.
B) emotional intelligence.
C) convergent thinking abilities.
D) culture-fair intelligence.
156) While some have suggested that emotional intelligence is a concept that is distinct from other measures of cognitive
skill, others have posited that emotional intelligence is nothing new, and is simply a measure of certain personality traits
that have been studied for decades. This simplistic way of conceptualising emotional intelligence is consistent with the
critical-thinking concept of
A) correlation versus causation.

B) falsifiability.
C) Occam's Razor.
D) ruling out rival hypotheses.
157) The duping of famed author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in the "Cottingley fairies" hoax reminds us of which principle of
critical thinking?
A) Correlation versus causation

B) Extraordinary claims
C) Replicability
D) Ruling out rival hypotheses
158) Researchers have identified that people with high IQs are ________ as prone as other people to believe in conspiracy
theories
1) A
2) D
3) B
4) A
5) B
6) A
7) B
8) A
9) A
10) A
11) (Charles) Spearman
12) Crystallised
13) C
14) D
15) A
16) C
17) D
18) A
19) D
20) A
21) C
22) A
23) D
24) B
25) D
26) D
27) C
28) Gardner
29) bodily kinaesthetic
30) Sternberg
31) A
32) C
33) C
34) B
35) B
36) C
37) A
38) A
39) A
40) C
41) C
42) A
43) C
44) prefrontal cortex
45) B
46) D
47) A
48) B
49) A
50) C
51) D
52) C
53) A
54) D
55) A
56) B
57) C
58) A
59) A
60) MA/CA × 100
61) 120
62) C
63) D
64) C
65) B
66) D
67) C
68) D
69) A
70) C
71) B
72) Answers should be associated with the eugenics movement and its involvement in the following:
• Eugenics was a social policy that suggested that those with less favourable characteristics, including IQs, should be
prohibited from reproducing. This would, in theory, enhance the quality of the human species.
• Establishing immigration restriction laws for low-scoring groups
• Sterilisation plans for low-scoring groups
• Classification of certain groups as intellectually inferior
73) C
74) A
75) B
76) fifteen (15)
77) WAIS
78) Scores on the information and vocabulary section are likely the result of schooling and exposure to certain information
through upbringing. Scores on the comprehension section are likely linked to familiarity with the social norms, traditions,
and morals of those writing IQ test items.
79) information
80) block design
81) digit span
82) A
83) C
84) D
85) D
86) B
87) A
88) Answers should include some discussion of the following:
• Familiarity with the primary language, lexicon, and testing-based expectations of the test writer
• In addition, some mention of the impact of socioeconomic status on test scores could be mentioned
• A culture-fair IQ test would be one that consists of abstract reasoning skills that are not dependent on language; more
specifically, the test taker would not be artificially handicapped if her or his native language differed from that of the
person administering the test or the person/people who created the test
89) A
90) B
91) C
92) A
93) D
94) D
95) A
96) A
97) C
98) D
99) A
100) D
101) A
102) A
103) D
104) B
105) A
106) A
107) 70
108) C
109) D
110) C
111) A
112) B
113) B
114) B
115) Monozygotic (identical)
116) A
117) C
118) B
119) C
120) Answers should include some mention of higher IQ correlations found for MZ twins as compared to DZ twins and
higher correlations found between biological parent and child as compared to adoptive parent and child. In order to
strengthen the answer, information regarding research into various environmental influences on IQ can also be provided.
121) A
122) A
123) A
124) B
125) C
126) C
127) A
128) Flynn effect
129) B
130) C
131) A
132) B
133) C
134) verbal
135) spatial
136) A
137) C
138) D
139) C
140) A
141) B
142) C
143) stereotype threat
144) A
145) A
146) D
147) D
148) B
149) D
150) C
151) A
152) B
153) B
154) A
155) B
156) C
157) B
158) equally/at least

Psychology From Inquiry To Understanding Australia 2nd Edition Lilienfeld Test Bank

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Psychology From Inquiry To Understanding Australia 2nd Edition Lilienfeld Test Bank

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Psychology From Inquiry to

Understanding Australia 2nd Edition

1) The original purpose of the first intelligence test was to

A) identify areas of academic weakness in grade school children.

A) the United States

A) The original intelligence tests were focused on predicting academic achievement.

5) Who is engaged in abstract thinking?

A) Susie, who says that most apples are coloured red

A) the extent to which our senses influence intelligence.

A) specific intellectual abilities, or s factors.

12) ________ intelligence refers to the accumulated knowledge we acquire as we age.

A) James McKeen Cattell and Louis Thurstone.

17) According to Gardner, there are as many as ________ types of intelligence.

A) Global, intuitive, and special

A) Creative intelligence is similar to crystallised intelligence.

A) correlation versus causation.

A) The lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

42) Concerning intelligence and memory, which statement is true?

A) A hard blow to the side of your head

A) Correlation versus causation

A) drawing pictures from memory

A) "Life is like a box of chocolates."

52) Which researcher studied the effects of sensory abilities on intelligence?

57) Who has the highest IQ?

A) Clarissa, with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 9

61) The IQ of a 10-year-old with a mental age of 12 would be ________.

62) What is the IQ of a 12-year-old with a mental age of 16?

A) Stern's formula underpredicts IQ scores for those under 20 years old.

A) mental age alone

66) The deviation IQ score

A) compares mental age to chronological age.

A) placed in a special education class.

69) Concerning the historical misuses of IQ testing, which is true?

71) The expressed purpose of the eugenics movement was to

85) Culture-fair tests attempt to measure ________.

87) What is a dominant characteristic of culture-fair IQ tests?

A) Minimal verbal skills are required.

A) IQ scores in infancy are negatively correlated with IQ scores in adulthood.

A) logical reasoning; abstract reasoning

A) The reading tests are likely valid but not reliable.

95) A test that is classified as a "valid" measure is one that

A) measures what it is intended to measure.

A) follows the bell curve

100) Approximately what percentage of IQ scores falls between 70 and 130?

101) Regarding bell curve assumptions, which of the following is true?

102) Which of these is an element of the formal definition of intellectual disability?

A) Inadequate adaptive functioning in a variety of areas

103) An IQ score below ________ may lead to a classification of intellectual disability.

A) Camille, who has an IQ of 67 as a result of a motorcycle accident when she was 35

110) The term "Terman's Termites" refers to ________.

A) a set of developmentally delayed students that Terman studied intensively

111) What did Terman's groundbreaking study of gifted children accomplish?

114) Who coined the phrase "nature and nurture"?

A) Identical twins and fraternal twins share similarly high IQ correlations.

A) Erika, who is an only child

A) Exceptional teaching strategies can boost children's IQ scores.

127) Rosenthal's "bloomers" study demonstrated that

A) higher teacher expectations of students led to higher academic performance.

129) The "Flynn effect" refers to

131) According to the Flynn effect, for at least several generations

134) Women tend to outscore men on ________ tasks.

135) Men tend to outscore women on ________ tasks.

A) Discrimination and societal expectations