List of substation primary equipment.

Lightning arresters
 Lightning arrester
• Lightning arrester is a device used on electrical power systems to protect
the insulation on the system from the damaging effect of lightning.
• Current from the surge is diverted around the protected insulation in most
cases to earth.

Tests for Lightning arrester/surge suppressor.

Test performed. Equipment used.

Continuity check from top to bottom section Digital multimeter

Insulation resistance
Digital IR test kit (ex. Megger)

Surge counter and Leakage meter AC voltage source.

Potential transformer/Voltage transformer
 POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
• A potential transformer is mainly used to measure high alternating voltage in a power
system.

• Potential transformers are step-down transformers, i.e., they have many turns in the
primary winding while the secondary has few turns.

Test for Potential transformer

Test performed. Equipment used.

Continuity check of primary and secondary winding Digital multimeter

Winding resistance test Digital multimeter

Insulation resistance Digital IR test kit (ex. Megger)

Polarity check Galvanometer

Ratio test Step-up transformer & Digital multimeter

CAPACITIVE VOLATGE TRANSFORMER
 CAPACITIVE VOLATGE TRANSFORMER
• Capacitor Voltage Transformer (CVT), Capacitance Coupled Voltage Transformer(CCVT) To step
down extra high voltage signals and provide a low voltage .
• For measurement or to operate a protective relay.

Test for CVT

Test performed. Equipment used.

Continuity check of secondary winding Digital multimeter

Winding resistance test – secondary winding. Digital multimeter

Insulation resistance Digital IR test kit (ex. Megger)

Polarity check Galvanometer

Ratio test Step-up transformer & Digital multimeter

CURRENT TRANSFORMER
 CURRENT TRANSFORMER
• Current transformers are used for Stepping down current for measurement, protection and
control.
• Current transformers are of two types
 Protective CT
 Measuring CT

Test for Current transformer

Test performed. Equipment used.

Winding resistance test Digital multimeter

Insulation resistance Digital IR test kit (ex. Megger)

Polarity check Galvanometer

Loading transformer, Variator, AC clamp meter, AC
Ratio test
leakage meter.
Step-up transformer, Digital multimeter, AC leakage
Knee point test- for PS/PX class CTs only.
meter.
ISOLATOR
 Isolator
• Disconnector or Isolator switch is used to make sure that an electrical circuit can be completely de-
energised for service or maintenance.
• Isolator is an off-load device.
• Types of Isolators are
 Central rotating, horizontal swing
 Centre-Break
 Vertical swing
 Pantograph type

Test for Isolators

Test performed. Equipment used.

Contact resistance test Digital multimeter

Insulation resistance test Digital IR test kit (ex. Megger)

Circuit breaker
 Circuit breaker -Air insulated
CB/VCB/GIS CB (SF6).
• Circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical
circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit.

• Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately
discontinue electrical flow.

• All circuit breakers have common features in their operation, although details vary substantially
depending on the voltage class, current rating and type of the circuit breaker.
Test for Circuit Breaker
Test performed. Equipment used.
Insulation resistance test
Digital IR test kit (ex. Megger)

Coil Resistance – Close & Trip Coils Digital multimeter

CB Contact resistance test Micro OHM Meter(CRM)

Time Interval Test CB Time Interval Meter

Dynamic Contact Resistance Test DCRM Test Kit

Bus-Duct in switchgear
Busbar in switch yard
 Busbar & Bus-Duct
• Busbars receive power from incoming circuits and deliver power to outgoing circuits

 Single Bus Bar.  Sectionalized Type Arrangement.

 Single Bus Bar with Bus Sectionalized.  One and Half Breaker.
 Main and Transfer Type.  Ring Arrangement.
 Double Bus Bar Double Breaker.  Mesh Arrangement.

Test for Busbar & Bus-Duct

Test performed. Equipment used.

Continuity Check Digital multimeter

Insulation Resistance Test Digital IR test kit (ex. Megger)

Contact Resistance Test Micro OHM Meter(CRM)

High Voltage Withstand Test (<11kV) Hi-Pot Test Kit

HV cable
 HV cable
• A high-voltage cable (HV cable) is a cable used for electric power transmission at high voltage.
• A cable includes a conductor, insulation and a metallic shield.
• Cable with paper insulation are tested with DC insulation resistance tests.
• Cable with solid dielectric are tested with partial discharge test.

Test for HV Cables

Test performed. Equipment used.

Insulation resistance test Digital IR test kit (ex. Megger)

High Voltage Test Hi-Pot Test Kit

Thank you