Historical Development of Calculus

A Project Work Report

By

Name of Student: Utsav Chaulagain

Stream: Science Section: D3
NEB Registration Number:……….

Submitted to
The Department of Mathematics
Kathmandu Model Secondary School
Bagbazar, Kathmandu
Nepal

A Report on the partial fulfillment of the requirements of the

Internal evaluation of
Grade XI

Declaration

I
I hear by declare that the report presented in this project report has
been done by myself under the supervision of Mr. Mausham Adhikari
and has not been submitted elsewhere for any examination.

All sources of the information have been specifically acknowledged by

references to authors or institutions.

Signature:

Name of Student: Utsav Chaulagain

Stream: Science

Section: D3

Date:

II
 Subject Teacher’s Recommendation

The project work report entitled ‘TITLE OF PROJECT WORK REPORT’

submitted by Utsav Chaulagain of Kathmandu Model Secondary School,
Bagbazar, Kathmandu, Nepal is prepared under my supervision as per the
procedure and format requirements laid by the Department of Mathematics,
Kathmandu Model Secondary School, as the partial fulfillment of the requirements
of the internal evaluation of grade XI. I, therefore, recommend the report for
evaluation.

Signature

Name of Subject Teacher: Mausham Adhikari

Date:

III
 Endorsement

We here by endorse the project work entitled ‘A Historical development of

Calculus’ submitted by Utsav Chaulagain of Kathmandu Model Secondary School,
Bagbazar, Kathmandu, Nepal in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the
internal evaluation of mathematics of grade XI.

Signature: Signature:

() ()
Head of Department of Mathematics Principal
Date: Date:

IV
 Acknowledgements

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Mr. Mausham

Adhikari for bringing this topic to my attention and for his support and guidance
during the preparation of this project work. I am grateful to my respected
mathematics teachers who contributed to build strong foundation of
mathematics. Special thanks go to my classmate who helped me while preparing
this project report.

Utsav Chaulagain

V
Table of Contents

Title Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

Declaration . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II

Subject Teacher’ recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III

Endorsement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV

Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V

Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI

Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII

List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII

List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX

Abbreviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

VI
Historical backgrounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Motivations, significance and scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

CHPATER II: RESULTS AND ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Preliminaries (Definitions, Principles, laws etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Literature review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Analysis of Results (Theorems, Lemmas, Corollaries etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

CHAPTER III: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION……………………………..19

Findings……………………………………………………………………………..19

Summary……………………………………………………………………………24

Conclusion…………………………….……………………………………………25

BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………..26

APPENDICES………………………………………………………………………27

VII
VIII
IX