JEE (Advanced) d(H] Challenging Problems For -JEE ADVANCED PHYSICS Challenging Problems FOR LAKSHYA BATCHPreface The primary objective this book is to help students to develop command over fundamentals and their application through challenging questions. In this book, only those problems have been selected, which in the opinion of Career Point Faculty team, are most important for mastering application of concepts. ‘This book covers variety of questions asked in the examination ~ be it MCQ (One or More than One correct choice), Numeric Response Type, Matrix match type, paragraph bbased questions etc. A mix of questions helps stimulated and strengthen question solving skills of the student, The majority of questions are not easy; some of them are definitely difficult. We believe if you solve these questions at your own, you will achieve higher degree of understanding of concepts. We suggest you to attempt this book only after you complete a chapter. This book is also used by “Lakshya Batch” students of Career Point to give finishing touch to their preparation for JEE-Advanced. We hope this book would immensely help genuine, hardworking students in sharpening their questions solving skills enabling them to achieve a seat in most prestigious colleges. We take this opportunity to express our deepest appreciation to CP Publishing team, who helped in editing of the book. We will greatly appreciate if the users of this book communicate to us any errors, misprints or weaknesses tliat they may detect, We will incorporate the same in the subsequent editions. Authors Career Pointay 23, 30. Vectors Unit & Dimension Kinematics Laws of motion Friction Circular Motion Work, Power 8 Enerey Law of conservation of momentum Rotational Notion Gravitation Simple Harmonic Motion Properties of Matter Fluid Mechanics Calorimetry Kinetic Theory of Gases Thermodynamics Heat Transfer Transverse wave Sound Wave Electrostatics & Gauss's aw Capacitance Current Electricity Electro magnetic induction Alternating current ‘Magnetic effect of current Reflection Refraction Wave Optics ‘Modern Physics-1 (Atomic structure, Photoelectric effect & X-rays) Modern Physics-2 (Nuclear Physics & Radioactivity) CONTENTS 56 733 3353, 54-70 7188 85-103 104-127 128-164 165-175 176-193 194-202 203-230, 231-236 237-248, 249-273 274-289 290-302 303-314 315-346 347-360 361-378 379.399 400-410 aia 433.442 443-468 469.482 483-496 497-508,Thermodynamics \ sinse Correct Option Type ies aa Q2 Q3 Figure show the variation of internal energy U with the density of one mole of monoatomic gas for a thermodynamic cycle ABCA. AB process is a rectangular hyperbola. The amount of work done in the process A> Bis - y w 20 om? w, aw, au ay (ay 2s 4 cy #00 wo @-% o*% os ‘One mole ofa gas expands cbeying the relation as shown in P-V diagram. The maximum temperature in this process is equal to- P Pi Po] 4 Vv Pao 3PeVo SPNo a a ae er OR (D) None of these _An ideal gas is taken along the reversible processes as represented by the adjoining diagram, PON Select the incorrect statement (A) For process B-> C, AU>0 (B) For process C + A, work dane by gas is negative (©) For isochorie process change in internal energy is 2er0 (D) For Isochorie process werk done by gas is 2er0a Chatening tems, 24 -Timole of fle and 2 moles of O; are contained in an adiabatic cylinder at pressures and temperatures as shown in figure, Ifthe adiabatic partition wall is removed then the final pressure will be Adiabatic partition wall I mole He ff 2 mole O; Po'Te Po, To 2 B wer @pr on (D) None ofthese 25 One mole of an ideal gas undergoes a process AB where A (2Ps, Vs) & B (1.5 Pp, 15 Vo). The process is shown in the PV diagram, The temperature ofthe gas (select the WRONG statement) = (A) Increases and then decreases. (B) Only increases Pao (©) Has a maximum vate of 2 FOYE (D) Is more at B than a. 26 For a process, relation between temperature and volume is TV? = constant. Ifa monatomic gas follows this process, then find the molar specific heat for this process [R isa gas constant] 7R R UR oe BF oF (D)zer0 27 A cart setigeratoneyele absorbs heat at 270 K and rejects het at 3OBK. I the eyeleis absorbing 1260 Kin a 270K, then work required per seconds (a)233Esee (B) AG Wee (Chee ()AWssce 28 Twoadiabatic vessels, each containing the same mass m of water but at different temperatures, are connected by a rod of length L, cross-section A, and thermal conductivity K. The ends of the rod are inserted into the ‘vessels, while the rest ofthe rod is insulated so that there is negligible loss of heat into the atmosphere. The specific heat capacity of water is s, while that ofthe rod is negligible. “The temperature difference between the two vessels reduces to + ofits original value aera time, At ‘The thermal conduct ty (K) ofthe rod may be expressed by ems ms msl. Oy pat © Fenat © oak mL barr)Sore ai Q9 Quo Qui Qu a3 ‘He work done by the one mole gas in the cyclie process shown in graph is W. Then T+ WTA, w w @n= 3h e) 1,- ith aw p) T= & ) e @) Tor RI? OM ae ©) T= 2 ‘The relation between intemal energy U, pressure P and volume V ofa gas in an adiabatic process is U=atbpv Where a and bare constants. What is the value of the ratio ofthe specific heats ? a be atl » we et oi om? ‘The internal eneray of system remains constant when it undergo ~ (@) a cyclic process (b) an isothermal process (©) an adiabatic process (@ any process in which the heat given out by the system is equal tothe work done on the system Abad Babe Oba (D)None ‘Three moles of an inert monatomic gas is mixed with two moles of diatomic gas and mixture is heated by @ process V= KL, where V and Tare volume and temperature of mixture and K is constant The molar heat wT capacity ofthis proces for the mixture. Ore oF om (D)None ofthese “The density (p) versus pressure (P) graph of an ideal gas (monoatomic) undergoing a cyclic proces is shown in figure. The gas taken has molecular weight M and one mole gas is taken. The heat reject by gas in process 3to L ineyeleis. p (density) Pe 2%, prestue) 3M. wo 22M osm eo 205 20 PoEl ee Q.14- A thermal engine having lee moles of movo-atomic gas as its working fluid undergoes the eyele Process as shown inthe figure Find the mechanical work over one eele approximately (R = 8.314 Hmole/K) - PON") 00800 1200 2460 Tink) wow @30u (mw (uw Q.15 An ideal gxs undergoes a circular eyele as shoven in the Figure, Find the ratio of maximum temperature of cycle to minimum temperature of eycle - “ ( Qu16 A gasis undergoing an adiabatic process. At a certain state, the value of volume and temperature = (Vo, Ts) ‘nd the magnitude of the slope of V-T curve isa. The value of Cy is al, RVs _ ot) RT, a oO VB-1, Quiz 1 diatomic gas undergoes « process in which the heat absorbed by the gus is twice the increment of its intemal energy. Then the polytropic exponent ofthe process is we (B) 3/5 2s (52 [A perfect gas of a given mass is heated first in a sinallyesel and then in a large vessel, such tha thet volumes remain unchanged. The P-T curves are (A) parabolic with same curvature (8) parabolic with diferent curvature (©) linear with ame slopes () linear with diferent slopesTHERMODYNAMICS Qu Qo at Statement Based Questions ; qa 23 Pressure versus temperature graph of an ideal gas is shown in figure (A) During the process AB work done by the ga in positive (B) during the process CD work done by the gas is negative (C) during the process BC intemal energy ofthe ga is increasing, (D)None ‘Two moles of monoatomic gas is expanded from (Pp, Vs) to (Pe, 2V4) under isobaric condition. Let AQu, be the beat given to the gas, AW; the work done by the gas and AU; the change in internal energy. Now the ‘monoatomic gas is replaced by a diatomic gas. Other conditions remaining the same, The corresponding values in this case are AQ, AWs, AUz respectively, then (A) 4Q1~ 8Q2= aU, AU; (B) AU; + AW3> AU; + AWs (AU; > AU, (D)All ofthese The relation between U, p and V for an ideal gas in an adiabatic process is given by relation U = a + bpV. Find the value of adiabatic exponent (1) ofthis eas bel bal a (ay Bt bat ial wr @- Ort Statement-1 : A gas is taken ffom state A to state B through two different paths. Molar specific heat capacity in path (1) is more as compared to (2). Satenen2: c= 2240-30 Wan oyna daa, (A) Statement is tre, statement-2is true and statement-2 i correct explanation for statement (B) Statement is tru, statement-2 true and statement-2 is NOT is correct explanation for statement, (C) Statement| i tue, statement-2 is false. (D) Statement| is false, stalement-2 is tue. ‘Statement-1 : Work done in proces | is greater than work done in process 2 ‘Statement-2 Process | is isothermal and process 2is adiabatic, (A) Statement| is tru, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement (B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 true and statement-2 is NOT is correct explanation for statement, (©) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 i false. (D) Statement is false, statement-?is tue.Q24 Qas Challenging Problems Statement-1: For sume compression ratio & adiabatic process, if nal emperatue, pressure and volume are same, Statement-2: Siope ofthe adiabatic process is more than fothermal process in P-V diagram. (A) Statement is tre, statement? i tue and sttement-2 correct explanation for statement. (@) Statement is toe, statement-2 tre and statemen-2 is NOT is correct explanation for statement. (© Statement| is tue, statements false (©) Statement is ese, statement? ist, thermal process is ess than the ) wink done onsen Statement-1 : Temperature of Real gases often changes when undergoing a free expansion under adiabatic condition whereas that ofan ideal gas does not Statement-2 First law of thermodynamics holds for ideal goes only. (A) Statement i tue, statement-2is true and statement-2 is correet explanation for statement (B) Statement-1 is tru, statement-2 true and statement-2 is NOT is correct explanation for statement. (C) Statement is tu, statement-2is false, (D) Statement is false, staterneht-2 is true. Multiple Correct Option Type Qo a 26 Qa7 28 929 For I mole of monoatomic gas process is T= V" and temperature changes from 100 K to 400 K, then choose the correct option(s) (A) Work done by the gas is 300 R (B) Work done by the gas is 150 R (C) Heat supplied tothe gas is 600 R (D) Heat supplied tothe gas is 150 R Two cylinders A and B of equal capacity are connected to each other via a stop cock. A contains a gas at standard temperature and pressure. B is completely evacuated, The entire system is thermally insulated. Ifthe stop cock is suddenly opened then = (A) Final pressure of gas in A and B is 0.5 atm (B) There is no change in internal energy ofthe system (C) The intermediate states ofthe system (before setting to the final equilibrium state) are well defined (D) Through out the process, temperature remains constant. Inthe arrangement shown in figure, vessel is thormally insulated. An ial esi fille inthe eylnder having pressure P greater than atmospheric presse Py. The sping of force constant K is inaly unsetched. The Fiston of mass mand area sis fictionless. neqiliram, the piston ses upa distance xa. then = Ko, ME (A) Final pressure of the gas is Py (B) Work done by the gas is jed+ mpxo (© Decrease innteral energy ofthe avis $463 + mero Pose (D) Temperature ofthe gas increases “The molar heat capacity for an ideal gas {A) is zero for an adiabatic process {B)is infinite for an isothermal process (©) depends only on the nature ofthe gas fora proces in which ether volume or pressure is constant (D)is equal tothe product ofthe molecular weight and specif heat capacity for any acessais Fe] 30 Qa Qa 933 34 The figure shows a 1/p versus T graph from ideal gas. Choose the correct statements (A) The graph represents in isobaric expansion, _(B) Large the slope of straight line higher the pressure. (©) Internal energy of the gas increase. (D) Work done during the proces is positive. ‘An ideal gas undergoes a process such that Pc The molar heat capacity of this process is 33.24 J/mol K. ly esotdniytnpsbtat. "(bgt sie pre (Oersfitinesis. nS) riven ‘A partition divides a container having insulated walls into two compartments I and IL. The same gas fills the ‘wo compartments whose initial parameters are given. The partition is a conducting wall which ean move fieely without friction. Which of the following statements is/are correct, with reference to the final ‘equilibrium postion ? pvt |2,2v,7 (8) Meg cpt (Vale ocomptmen is SY (© Vue cempurine tis BY (OF pesca compartments $2 3 Cone meloan a 5s meV, es Fad epee Ts ape tly ie volume and then compressed at constant pressure to (Ve/2) and the gas is brought back to original state by process in which Pee V (Pressure i directly proportional to volume). The correct representation of process is constant (p= density ofthe gx). The ssn at temperate T pressreP and density p, The ens expands such tht ei changes to 2 (A) The pressure ofthe gas changes to 2P (©) The temperate ofthe gas changes to V3T (©) Te grep the above process onthe P— Tagramispraboa (D) Th graph ofthe above proces onthe P— Tiagamis rectangular hyperbolaQ35 936 Q37 Q38 Q39 Challenging Problems, ‘a mixture oftwo diatomic gases A and B. Molar mass of A is 16 times that of B and nes that of B - ‘A closed vessel conta mass of gas A, contained in the vessel is 2 (A) Average kinetic energy per molecule of gas A is equal to that of gas B (B) Root mean square value of translational velocity of gas B is four times that of A (C) Pressure exerted by gas B is eight times ofthat exerted by gas A (D) Number of motecules of gas B inthe cylinder is eight times tht of gas A ‘An insulated 0.2 m° tank contains helium at 1200 kPa and 47°C. A valve is now opened, allowing some helium to escape, The valve is elosed when one hl of inal mis as escaped and pressure becomes 375 KP, ‘Then fmt temperature ofthe gas is (44 =1.6) (4) 100K 20K one oe ‘An ideal pas undergoes a process such Pac >, The molar heat capacity of his process is 33.24 J/mol K. (A) The work done by the gas is 2RAT. (B) Degree of freedom ofthe gas is 4, (©) Degree of freedom ofthe gas is 3, on{&) forthe gas is 1.5 ‘An insulating cylinder contains equal volumes of He and O; separated by a massless freely moving adiabatic Piston as shown. The gas is compressed by moving the insulating piston so that volume of He becomes half. Select the correct alternatives), Lavon Area-Ae 04] He (A) Pressure in He chamber will be equal to pressure in O; chamber (B) Pressure in He chamber willbe less then pressure in O, chamber (C) Volume of He chamber will be equal to volume of O; chamber (0) Volume of 0s canter wl te ey i ss ras ape ae ee eee T+¥e/V)? ee suites ‘changed from V= Vo to V=3Vp- (A) temperature of gas when its volume is 3V¢ is 3¥s smperature of gas when its volume is Vp is T2N0, (B) temperature of gas when its =. (©) change in temperature is SPeVUBR (D) temperature remains constant_memwoonawes Gi 40 oat Qn Qa8 aaa The volume versus temperature graph given below, represents a process in which (j-Adiabatic exponent) (A) Work done by the gas is Ts (I-2loge2) © Hata begins Ee We 2g, 2-1 (tise thal een BEEE=! veh oo ORT, 0) Hated i @) ry the gas Ts 2M -V graph for an ideal gas undergoing poltropic process PV" = constant is shown hee. Then Nis at (2 (D) None of these v ‘One mole of a monoatomic ideal gas undergoes a thermodynamic process such that sonstant, Then, (9 oon byte si 200 en tempo edb 300K (8) espe atte inte pee ER (©) eck doe yt 230 Resp ti sy OOK (Dye ei atte ine pis ER ‘One mole an ideal gas expands obeying the relation as shown inthe P-V diagram, (A) The maximum temperature in this process is equal 10 9P6V/BR (B) The maximum temperature inthis proces is equal to 9PeVg/4R (©) Maximum temperature occurs when pressure is 3Pl4 (D) Minimum temperature in this process is PaVoR. Po Vo (2,20) v A gas is enclosed in a cylinder of volume Vo fitted with piston of cross-sectional area A and mass m. Atmospheric pressure is Py. Adiabatic exponent of gas is y. The piston is slightly depressed and released, (4 Time prio of eatin open ifthe poze sada 2 [PM (Tne piano nai (©) Time period of oscillation of piston ifthe process i isothermal is 2x [™™2 ‘AP, (ie radiant pistes orcas | ra,a a Q45 A process is shown in the diagram, Which ofthe following curves may represent the same process? , cht ic Trap P Meet “w ts @) © on P T T 46 An ideal gas expands in such a way that PV* = constant throughout the process. (A) The graph ofthe process of T-V diagrem isa parabola (B) The graph of the process of T-V diagrams a straight line, (C) Such an expansion is possible only with heating, (D) Such an expansion i possible only with cooling. ES Q47 A gas expands such that its intial and final temperature are equal. Also, the process followed by the traces a straight line on the P-V diagram (A) The temperature ofthe gas remains coastant throughout. (B) The temperature of the gas frst increases and then decreases. (C) The temperature ofthe gas first decreases and then increases. (D) The straight Line has a negative slop. Q.48 A mixture of ideal gases 7 kg of nitrogen and 11 kg of COp. Then (Take for 7 nitrogen and CO; as 1.4 and 1.3 respectively) (A) equivalent molecular weight ofthe mixture is 36 (B) equivalent molecular weight ofthe mixture is 18. (C) 1 for the mixture is 52 (D)y for the mixture is 47/3. Q.49 An ideal gas is taken from state 1 to state 2 through optional path A, B, C & D as shown in P-V diagram, Let Q, Wand U represent the heat supplied, work done & internal energy of the gas respectively. Then 00 - (A) Qu-We> Qe~ We (8) Q-Qo=Wa~ Wo (©) Wa< Wa < We Qa™ Qc> Qo(eames gi ‘Qs0 gst gsr ass ast ass ‘An enclosed ideal ans is taken through a eyele as shown inthe figure, Then ; we ak B ot WW (A) Along AB, temperature decreases while along BC temperature increases (B) Along AB, temperature increases while along BC the temperature decreases. (©) Along CA work is done by the gas and the internal energy remains constant (D) Along CA work is done on the gas and imernal energy of the gas increases. ‘Two gases have the same initial pressure, volume and temperature. They expand to the same final volume, ‘one adiabatically and the ther isothermally (A) The final temperature is greater forthe isothermal process (B) The final pressure is greater forthe isothermal process (C) The work done by the gas is greater fr the isothermal process (D) Alle above options are incorrect ‘The first law of thermodynamics can be writen as AU = AQ-+ AW for an ideal gas. Which of the following statement is correct? (A) AU is always zero when no heat enters or leaves the gas (B) AW is the work done by the gas inthis written law. (C) AU is zero when heat is supplied and the temperature stays constant (D) AQ=— AW when the temperature increases very slowly. 2 moles of a monoatomic gas are expanded to double its initial volume, through a process P/V its inital temperature is 300 K, then which ofthe following is not rue. (A) AT = 900K (B)AQ=3200R ——(C)AQ=3600R_—(D) W= 900K ‘Anideal gai subjected to thermodynamic proctsin whic its pressure increases but volume decreases. Then (A) the process may be isothermal (@) work done by the sis positive (the process may be adiabatic (D) change ints internal energy is equal tothe work dove bythe gas ‘An ideal gas undergoes a thermodynamics cycle as shown in figure. Which of the following graphs represents the same cycle? vec aChallenging Problems Passage Based Questions Passage # 1 (Q.56 t0 58) Open to ouside air pressure Pa F Piston, mass m Ideal gas lb AA vertical cylinder of radius r contains a quantity of ideal gas and is fited witha piston with mass m that is. {ree to move. The piston and the walls of the cylinder ae fritionless. Entire cylinder is placed in a constant temperature bath, The outside i pressures Fn equ the piston sis ata height above the bottom of the eylinde. 56 Absolute pressure of the gas trapped below the piston when it sin equilibrium = (Ayre (8) Po+ mg (rer 8 Py Q57 After the piston is displaced slightly fom equilitium and released, it oscillates up and down, The angular fiequency ofthese small oscillation is - Jef, Pont) 8(1. Bat) fe(,, Pert? REE) g(t) ff 8e Q.58 Ifthe displacement of piston is not small then motion of piston is- (A) simple harmonic motion (B) non-simple harmonic mation (©) no motion takes place (D) data is insufficient Passage # 2 (0.59 to 61) ‘One mole of an ideal gas hasan internal energy given by U= Us-+2 PV, where Pis the pressure and V the volume ofthe gas. Up isa constant. Ths gas undergoes the quasi-static cyclic process ABCD as shown in the U-V diagram, we 0.59 The molar heat capacity ofthe gst constant pressures wre 3K cdr (oar 0.60 The work done by the idl gas inthe process AB is (ayzer0 us Mh Q.61 Assuming that the gas consists ofa mixture of two gases, the gas is (A) Monatomic. {B) Diatomic. (C) A mixture of mono and diatomic gases. _(D) A mixture of di and w-atomie gases«THERMODYNAMICS Passage # 3 (Q.62 & 63) Figure shows the vatiation of internal energy U withthe density p of one mole of ideal monatomic gas for @ thermodynamics cyclic process ABCA. Here process AB isa part of rectangular hyperbola, Q.62 The P-V diagram ofabove PB P Pr I oz! ola o|N_ ol f27" © (niin Bt AY K a A. BY 463 Thetta amount of eat abserbed byte system fr eyclie proces it~ (Béas-2)ur @(Yeaos-2}ve sv, (Dy None ofthese Passage #4 (Q.64 & 65) ‘The figure shows P-V diagram of a thermodynamic eyele oT‘ 3¥0 Q.64 If Ta, Toy Te and To are the respective temperature at A, B, C and D. Then, choose the correct statement. TanTo (A) The maximum temperature during the cycle occurs at C (B) To~3To (© Te=2T (D)all the above Q.65 Identify the diagram which correctly represents the heat inflow and outflow of the systemPassage #5 (Q.66 & 67) (One mole of monatomic gas is taken through cyclic process. T, = 300K. Process AB is defined as PT = constant. Q.66 Work done by gas in provess AB is (A) more than work done by gas in process CA (B) 400 R (©)200R ()-300R Q.67 Change in internal energy in process CA (8)-900R (B) +900 (Cisnegatve (D)is positive Passage #6 (Q.68 to 70) ‘A mass less piston, which can move without fiction, loses a sample of Helium in a vertical, thermally insulated cylinder, when is closed at its bottom, and the cross-section of which is A = 2 dm. Above the piston there is a fixed stand to which an unstretched spring of spring constant 2000 N/m is attached, whose bottom end is at a distance of 2 dm from the piston when the volume ofthe gas is Vp = 8 dm’. The external pressure is pp = 10° Pa, g = 10 m/s’. The gas confined in the cylinder is heated with an electric heating clement. (1 dm = 10"' m) Q.68 How much heat is supplied by the element il it reaches the sping (A) Zer0 (6) 6003 (©8003 (©) 10003 Q.69 How will process look like on a PV diagram Pee Te (0.70 Whats the ratio of work done by ga in moving the piston fom ntl postion oA, and fom there toB 10 py it © 3 we OF oF Os— BH on qn Qn Column Matching Type Questions |) a4 ssage #7 (Q.71 to 73) ‘A sample of idcal gas is taken through the cyclic process shown in the figure, The temperature of the gas at state A is Ta 200 K. At states B and C the temperature of the gas isthe same, P Py Va 3Va [Net work done by the gas in the process is (2PAVa )APAVa (©6PAVa (D)8PaVa ‘Which ofthe following graphs best represent the cyclic process in T-V diagram t| B ‘tn a @ = ‘What isthe greatest temperature of the gas during the cyl process? (a) 600K (B) 1200 (©) 2400 (D)None of these Column I contain different process and column II contains molar heat capacity. Match the following: Column-t Columa-tt tate” mors P= Pee any (or-teran work O)T=te+0V (cy+Ra+ey (NoneQ.75. Column T shows certain thermodynamic Challenging Problems | ‘systems and column Il represents thermodynamic properties. Column 1 (A) An ideal gas is filled in a cylindrical vessel of which is enclosed by a massless piston. Mercury is filled above the piston as shown, Now gas is slowly supplied heat. Mereury does not spill. The system is kept in open atmosphere. (B) A cylindrical vessel is enclosed by a light piston. The piston is connected to-ceiling by an ideal spring as shown in figure. Spring is intially relaxed and then heat is supplied slowly to the ideal gas in the vessel. The system is kept in open atmesphere (©) A thermally insulated cylindrical vessel is enclosed by a light thermally insulated piston. Some sand is kept ontop of piston tas shown in figure. The system is kept in open atmosphere. "Now sand grains are removed slowly one by one mesre Ideal Gas (D)A good conducting cylindrical vessel is enclosed by a light ‘thermally insulated piston. Some sand is kept on top of piston fas shown in figure. The system is kept in open atmosphere. "Now sand grains are added slowly one by one. entre deal Gas Column 1 (P) Ieral energy of the gas is increasing. (Q Pressure of the gas is increasing (R) Temperature ofthe gas is decreasing, (S) Work done by gas is positive (1) Molar heat capacity of the gas is finitely positiverooms Figure shows a eyelie process for one mole of an ideal gas C, and C, of the gus is 20.8 S/moIK. and 12.5 JImolK respectively. Match the column A with B. Cotumn-t Column-tt OT" Te 18K (®)Te. (Q)=15). © agen). (R)- 2253, (av Go). (9) 192K. + 28 MO%m) Q.77 Match the following Column t Column 1 (A) Work done by an ideal gas ina closed system (P) ath dependent (B) Internal energy ofan ideal gas ina closed system (Q) State funtion (C) Molar heat capacity of an ideal yas ina closed system (R) May be constant (other than zero) (D) Heat absorbed or rejected by an ideal gas ina closed system (5) May be zero, Match the following. List Listtt (yw>o (ao>o @auso (ay au>o jws 3 is isochoric while 3 -> 1 is isobaric. If efficiency of the cycle is 1% where nis an integer. Find n.“snore a 290 ast ast 093 Q94 ‘Consider the shown diagram where the two chambers separated by piston-spring arrangement contain equal ‘amounts of certain ideal gas. Initially, when the temperatures of the gas in both the chambers are kept at 300 K. The compression in the spring is 1 m. The temperature of the le and the right chambers are now ‘ised to 400 K and $00 K respectively. the pistons are fre to slide, ifthe final compression inthe spring cmt) is 65 x. Find value of x Tre Tin ‘A vessel of volume 3V contains a gas at pressure 4Py and another vessel of volume 2V contains the same gas at pressure 1.5 Py, Both vessels have same temperature. When both vessels are connected by a tube of negligible volume, the equilibrium pressure is IPs, where is an integer. Find the value of 05 mole of an ideal gas is kept inside an adiabatic cylinder of length ‘Land D is 3 times Py Calculate heat absorbed in the cycle and ‘work done, Figure shows three processes for an ideal eas. The temperature at'' is 600 K., pressure 16 atm and volume | fitre. The volume at *' is 4 litre. Out of the two process ab and ac, one is adiabatic and he other is ‘isothermal, The ratio of specific heats ofthe gas is 1.5. Answer the followingQss 2.96 ost Challenging (Which of ab and ac processes is adiabatic. Why’? (i). Compute the pressure ofthe gus at band e, }Compute the temperature at b and c. (Gv) Compute the volume at At temperature of Ty = 273° K, two moles ofan ideal gas undergoes e process as shown, The total amount cof heat imparted to the ga equals Q = 27.7 kl Determine the ratio of molar specific heat capaci A cylinder containing a gas is closed by « movable piston. The cylinder is submerged in an ice-water mixture, The piston is quickly pushed down from position ! 10 position 2. The piston is held at positon 2 until the gas is again at O° C and then slowly raised back o position 1. Represent the whole process on P-V ram. If m= 100 gm of ie are melted during cyle, how much work is dane onthe gas. Latent heat of ie = 80 calor, Tie fie son an insula snd vente uA Dan Ps an I ae coed Migdrodanfc neve wes Sin ie nr en is portly enc eset i prey dating Teast he = 13) pt n eh computa 6 Band Shon, Now mprioet A cloiy gen ht ongh eH sc a he fale af veces Y, Armee i a ha B c LPaVorTa | PaVieTo (a) Final pressure in each compartment A, Band C (b) Final temperatures in each compartment A, Band C (@) Heat supplied by the heater (@) Work done by gas in A and B (@) Heat lowing across piston 1THERMODYNAMICS: 098 Q99 Qu100 aor Quer (2) Draw the P-V diagram forthe above procest (0) Find the net amount of heat absorbed by the system forthe eyelie process (6) Find the work done inthe process AB. ‘A thermally Insulated vessel is divided into two parts by a heat-insulating piston which ean move in the vewtel without tho ftetlon. The If pert ofthe vestelconstains one mole of an kdl monatomic ga, & the right pat Is vacuum. The piston is connected to te right wall ofthe vessel through a spring whose length in ffee sate Is equal to the length of the vessel as shown inthe figure Determine the heat eapacity C of the system, neglecting the heat capacities of the vessel, piston and spring. LrRTDOOOCER fides a thermally insulated cylinder into two parts of volumes V and 3V. 2 moles of an ‘deal gas at pressure P= 2 atmosphere are confined tothe part with volume V = 1 litre. The remainder of the cylinder is evacuated. The piston is now released and the gas expands to fill the entire space of the eylinder. ‘The piston is then pressed back to the initial postion. Find the increase of intemal energy in the process and final temperature of the gas. The ratio ofthe specific heat ofthe gasy = 1.5 (One mole ofan ideal monoatomic gas is taken round the cyclic process ABCA as shown in figure, calculate (@) the work done by the gas (}) the heat ejected by the gas in the path CA and the heat absorbed by the gas in the path AB. (6) the net heat absorbed by the gas in the path BC (@) the maximum temperature attained by the gas during the cycle. In a cycle ABCA consisting of isothermal expansion AB, isobaric compression BC and ‘compression CA, find the efficiency of eycle (Given : Ty= Ty = 400K, y= 1.5)TH ———_ctateins tiane ANSWER KEY Single Correct Option type Questions 1.0) 2) 3.0 4A) 8.(A) 6.(A) 7.04) 8D) 9.(B) 10.(B) 1.(A) 12.,(A) 13.(8) 14.0) 15.(D) 16.(D) 17.(8) 18.(D) 19.) 20.(0) 21.(A) Statement Based Questions 22.(A) 23.(0) 24.(A) 28.0) ‘Multiple Correct Option type Quest 26.(BC) —27.(AB) BAC) 29(A.BCD) (ACD) 34.(A,B,D)—32.(A,BCD) 33(CD) —-34.(BD)—3S(ABCD) 36.(BD) —-37.(A.BD)3K(AD) 39. (A.B) 40. (A.D) 41. (C) 42. (A.B) A3.(A,C,D) — 44,(A,D) 48.(C) 46.(D) 47.(B,D) 48. (A.D) 49. (B,D) 50.(A) SI(ABC) — 52.(C) 53. (B) SLAC S5(AB) Passage Based Questions 56.(C) 51.0) 8B) 9B) 6D) 6) a.(A) BA) LD) SB) IAB) BRIA) 68) .@) 70. (A) ‘71.(D) 72.(D) 73.(C) ‘Column Matching Type Ouestions : WADRBORC2ADSS — KAPPS;B+PQCIRSD QT T6.A+S;B4P;C>R:D>Q — TLA+PS;B+QRS;C-> PRS; DPS m0) B.A) 80.A-+P.QRS:B+P.ORS;C->P.Q:DIRS BLA+P;B>S;C->RD4Q AP bIGeIQ B.ASPQBIRSCIPQ HLA QBIRCIPRDO ‘Numeric Response Type Questions 85.7 86.7 87.7 88.2 89.4 90.2 91.3 92.0 93. 31PWVo;—SPaVo 2 atm, (ill) T, = 300 K, Te= 600 = 600 K, iv) Vem 8 ite 95. 1.63,(_ THERMODYNAMICS 97, 98. 101. (8) PeVo, (6) 52 PaVor 3P.Voy (6) V2 PV (A) Tr (Fil ence in A= 2 =F pen in Fin pein = 2 () Final temperature in A (and B) ‘To Final temperature in (©) 18 PWV (@ work done by gas in A=+ PeV, work done by gas in B= 0, 0 9 Zrave © 2 A able o,. s.0-(m2s-2)u9 6-2 as[l “Ay corr 100. 4001.27 1 3 )Single Correct Option Type Question Wi Heat Transfer o i a Qt Accube, a pyramid (with all four faces identical) and a sphere (all of them hollow) are made from the same ‘material heving same surface finish and have equal masses and bound equal volumes. They are heated to the same temperature and then left to cool. After some time 1. sphere will have the highest temperature 2. pyramid will have the highest temperature 3. cube will have the lowest temperature 4, sphere will have the lowest temperature 5. pyramid will have the lowest temperature ‘The correct option would be (A) 2and3 (B)3and1 (©) tana (D)2and4 2 The graph shown gives the temperature along an x-axis that extends directly through a wall consisting of Qs three layers A, B and C. The air temperature on one side of the wall is 150°C and on the other side is 80°C. ‘Thermal conduction through the wal is steady. Out of the three layers A, B and C thermal conductivity is ‘greatest ofthe layer - wo) 150] 149] 129] 80] ‘Two solid steel cylinders A end B of same temperature (higher than the surrounding temperature) are of same length and of radii r and 2r, respectively. Only radiation considered, ifthe rete of fll of temperature of ‘Ais ky then the rate of fil of temperature B would be « ark @) OF Os QuU2 The spectra ofa black body at temperatures 327°C and 627°C are shown in the Fig. If Ay and Az be the areas under the two curves respectively, the value of Ay/Ay is— 3 TS @? @2 os Q.13 Photons absorbed in matter are converted into heat. A source emitting n photow sec of frequency v is used to convert 1 kg of ice at 0.°C. Then, the time T taken forthe conversion, (decrease with increasing n, with v fixed, (i) decreases with n fixed, v increasing. (Gi) remains constant with n and v changing such that nv = constant. (iv) increase when the product nv increase (A) All the statements are correct (B) only () and Gi) are correct (C) Only (i) is correct, (D) Only (iv) is correct|; HEATTRANSFER Q.14 When the centre of earth is at a distance of 1.5 x 10" m from the centre of sun, the intensity of solar radiation reaching at the earth's surface is 1.26 kW/m?. There is a spherical cloud of cosmic dust, containing iron particles. The melting point for iron particles in the eloud is 2000 K. Find the distance of iron particles from the centre of sun at which the iron particle stars melting. (Assume sun and cloud asa black body, «= 5.6 10 Wie? K')- (A281 «108m (B)281% 10m (C281 1"’'m ——(D) 140 10!°m QS A wall of width £ and cross sectional ares A is having variable coefficient of thermal conductivity given by = ko + ax (where ky and are positive constant) and x is measured from outer surface of wall. Ifthe ‘temperature of surroundings is Tp °C and the temperature ofthe room is maintained at T, °C(To > T,). The temperature ofthe wall atx = {2 is (given wflKy = |S. uit, To=45°C, and T, = 20°C) 20 @2c 2c ()s037°¢ Q.16 A.rod of length Land uniform cross-sectional area have varying thermal conductivity which changes linearly fom 2K at end A to K at other end B. The ends A and B of the rod are maintained at constant temperature 100°C and 0°C, respectively. At steady state, the graph of temperature : T= T(x) where x = distance from end A will be T T 100% 100°C “w ® + x is Ty 100°C. oor © @) = a a aaa QT Statement-1 : Water is filled up in a hollow cylindrical container of conducting bases and adiabatic curved surface and Kept vertical in an isolated system. If temperature of cylinder is decreased slowly from the bottom, the ice formation will stat fiom the bottom, ‘Statement-2 : The temperature of liquid which is atthe top will be lowest frst (A) Statement is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2is a correct explanation for Statement| (8) Statement-1is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement.2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1 (©) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False (D) Statement-1 is False, Sttement-2 is TrueChallenging Problems Multiple Correct Option Type Questic Qus Qs Q20 gat A metal cylinder of mass 5 kg is heated electrically by a 20 W heater in a room at 20°C. The cylinder ‘temperature rises uniformly to 30°C in $ min and finally becomes constant at 45°C. Assume thatthe rate of heat loss is proportional to the excess temperature over the surroundings. Which of the following is/are correct ? (A) The rate of loss of heat of eylinder to surrounding at 25°C is 4W (B) The rate of loss of heat of eylinder to surrounding at 45°C is 20 W (C) The rate of loss of heat of cylinder to surrounding at 25°C is 8W (D) The rate of oss of heat of cylinder to surrounding at 45°C is zero. Thvee liquid baths are thermally connected with the help of two identical rods AB and CD, each having thermal resistance 1°C/W. There isa heater of 100 W in the middle bath; the temperature of the left hand liquid bath is maintained at 100°C and that of righthand side is maintained at 40°C. Assume there is no heat loss to surroundings, Bob lHeater (A) The steady temperature of the middle bath would be 121 (B) The heat current in the left hand side rod would be 20 W (C) The heat current in te right hand side rod would be 68 W (D) The heat current in the right hand side rod would be towards right ‘A polished metallic piece and a black painted wooden place (of same shape and size) are kept in open in ‘bright sun for along time. Choose the corect option(s) (A) the wooden piece will absorb less heat than the metallic piece (B) the wooden piece 1c lower temperature than the metallic piece (©) iftouched, the metalic piece wil be felt hotter than the wooden piece (D) when the two pieces are removed from the open to a cold room, the wooden piece willlose heat at a faster rate than the metalic piece ‘A 100 cm long cylindrical task with inner and outer diameters 2 cm and 4 em respectively is completely filled with ice as shown in the figure. The constant temperature ouside the flask is 40°C. (Thermal conductivity ofthe flask is 0.693 WiC, Le = 80 ce’gm). (A) Rate of heat flow from outside tothe flask is 80x J, (B) The rate at which ie melts Is TE Kgs (C) The rate at which ie melts is 1007 Kgs. (D) Rate of heat flow from outside to flesk is 40 JHEAT TRANSFER, Pare ‘Qn Qas Q24 Qas ‘An insulated container is filed with ice at °C, and another container is filled with water that is continuously | boiling at 100°C. In series of experiments the container connected by various, thick metal rods that pass through the walls of container as shown in the figure. Insulators Inthe experiment I; a copper rod is used and all ice melts in 20 minutes. In the experiment If: a steel rod of identical dimensions is used and all ice mets in 80 minutes, In the experiment IIT: both the rods are used in series and allie melts in to minutes. In the experiment IV : both rods are used in parallel all ce melts int minutes. (A) The value oft is 100 minutes (B) The value ofti is 50 minutes (C) The value of tay is 16 minutes (D) The value of ois 8 minutes ‘One end of a conducting rod is maintained at temperature SO°C and at the other end, ice is melting at 0°C. ‘The rate of melting of ice is doubled if: (A) the temperature is made 200°C and the area of cross-section of the rod is doubled (B) the temperature is made 100°C and length of rod is made four time (C) area of cross-section of rod is halved and length is doubled (D) the temperature is made 100°C and the area of cross-section of rod and length both are doubled. ‘Two bodies A and B have thermal emissivities of 0.01 and 0.81 respectively. The outer surface areas of the two bodies are the same. The two bodies radiate energy atthe same rate. The wavelength Aa, corresponding ‘to the maximum spectral radiancy in the radiation from B, is shifted from the wavelength corresponding to the maximum specelradianey inthe relation from A by 1.00 ym. I the temperature of Ais S802 K, (A) The temperature of Bis 1934 K (a= 15 4m (© The temperature of Bis 11608 K (D) The temperature ofB is 2901 K Tire bodies A, B and Chave equal surice are and thermal emisvts inthe ratioeg sence 1: bet. All the tree bodies are radiating at sme rate, The wavelength corespondng to maximum intensity ae i, ‘ay and 2 respectively and their temperatures are Ty, Ty and Te on Kelvin scale, then select the Incorrect statement YisTe =T (8) fingke =n (©) fenTa YecTe * (0) YenenTatubata *echcTePassage Based Questions Passage # 1 (Q.26 to 28) Q26 a7 928 ‘A.0.60 kg sample of water and a sample of ice are placed in two compartments A and B that are separated by 4 conducting wall in a thermally insulated container. The rate of heat transfer from the water to the ice through the conducting wall is constant P, until thermal equilibrium is reached. The temperatures T of the liquid water and the ice are given in graph as functions of time t. Temperature of the compartments remain hhomogencous during the whole heat transfer process, 4 oo Neer (min) conducting wall insulating wall Given, specific heat of ice = 2100 Jkg-K ‘specific heat of water = 4200 J/Kg-K. latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.3 * 10° kg ‘The value of rate P is - (a)36W, enw ouw Misw ‘The intial mass oficein the container is equal o- (8) 036g @)12kg (36k (0) 24g ‘The mass of the ice formed dve to conversion from the water till thermal equilibrium is reached, is equal to- (A) 0.12 kg. (B) 0.25 ke (0.15 kg (0) 040g Passage #2 (Q.29 to 31) Qu9 930 Q3t Five rods of same material and same length ae joined as shown. Cross-section of rods ab, ad and be are A, 2A and 3A respectively, Ends a and c are maintained at temperatures 200°C and 0°C respectively, b 200°C oc « For what cross-section x ofrod de there will be no heat flow through rod bd? (ayaa (B)2A (6A (9A If-xhas the value calculated in above question, then the emaperature of junction b or dis - (a) soc (B) 100°C (90°C (D) 150°C ‘The rate of heat flow through rod ba is equal to 150 50 0 oi Om fone ofthese (A) zee OR OR (D) None of thessear Tmansren | “Passage #3 (Q.32 034) End A of a rod AB of length ¢5 = Sm and cross-section area $ = Im is maintained at some constant temperature. The heat conductivity of the rod is varying with the distance x from, the end A as 2 me the other end B of this rod is radiating energy at the rate K=Ko(1 tax), where Ko= "Yanda ‘of P= 4560 J/s and the wavelength with maximum encrgy density emitted from this end is 145004. (Assume that except the ends, the rod is thermally insulated. Wein's constant b= 2.9 x 10° m-K.) 32 The temperature of end Bis - (A) 200K (B) 2000 K (©) 1000 K (D) 100K Q.33 The variation of temperature as a function of x can be expressed as - P_afleat (A)T= fn} 2 | + wore gige(at) P_a(tzat core Boole), 34 Thetemperstur ofthe end Ai xual to ~ 2 ft (4) T= 2000 [ 41 -.=2000 | 1 coreean [o( oa) eres)" (T= 2000 | of 41 0) T4~2000 [eof 2) 41 Ee im03x Ge iv0xx) Passage # 4 (Q.35 to 37) {A blac body is one which absorbs completly all the radiation fling on its surface whatever be the ‘wavelength. These hodis are also good radars, They emit radstion ofall wavelength posible. While tralyzng the seca distibuion of energy in adation of Back body at diferent temperatures on Hh graph the carves obtained show tat at given temperce with inrcsca in wavelength energy Ea fst intense, reaches am ‘This means at prtclar temperature, rin energy emited by a Back body is maximum fra parle wavelength. As the temperate increats, peak of carve shi towards shorter wavelength. For his ph he relation between T and Am (for which E, is maximum) is as under 2» T= constant ‘Ale looking onthe curve sewer the following gestions 035 _Asthe temperature of back boy ise, maximum energy of emited raiation shits towars (A) Shorter Wavelength (8) Longer Wavelength (©) Remain Same (0) Cannot be predicteda oe Q.36 Sun and moon emit maximum radiation at 5000 A and 15 % 10" A respectively. Ifthe temperature of sun is {6000 K, the temperature of moon will be (A) 00K (6) 200K (€)300K (0) 400K 37 On investigation of light from three different stars, A, B and C, it was found that in spectrum of A the intensity of red color is maximum, in B the intensity of blue color is maximum and in 'C the intensity of yellow color is maximum, From their observation we ean conclude that (A) Temperature of A is maximum, of B is minimum & 'C'isintermedite (B) Temperature ofA is maximam, of C is minimum & 'B' is intermediate (C) Temperature of B is maximum, of A is minimum & ‘C's intermediate (D) Temperature of C is maximum, of Bis minimum & is intermediate Passage #5 (Q.38 & 39) ‘Two ingulated metal bers each of length $ em and rectangular cross section with sides 2 em end 3 cm are wedged between two wall, one held at 100°C andthe other at OPC, The bar are made ofleud and silver, Kyy * 380 Wim, Kg 425 Wink, 100° oc Q38 Thermal current through lead bar is (a210W 4200 (sow (30 39 Total thermal current through the two-bar system is. (210 W @20W (stow 30 Passage #6 (Q.40 & 41) Heat generation may occur ina variety of radial geometries. Consider along, solid eylinder as shown inthe figure, which could represent a current-carrying wire or a fuel element in a nuclear reactor, For steady state conditions, the rate at which heat is generated within the eylinder must equal to the rate at which heat is cconvected from the surface ofthe cylinder to a moving fluid. This condition allows the surface temperature to be maintained ata fixed value of Ts To determine the temperature distribution in the cylinder, we begin with energy conservation principle, Consider a cylindrical section of radius r.HEAT TRANSFER, 40 Qat "The rat ‘which energy is generate within the given volume is conducted radially outward. sane Kart SE where q is the energy generated pe nit ime per unit volume, Kis he thermal condusivityand Tis the temperature gradient at aus. fq is constant Tet @a-geec Attar, Th) =Ts 24g it ‘Therefore, T(r) $e ( ") +Ts ‘The rate of heat convected to the surrounding fluid (at temperature Tr) by the surface at temperature Ts is proportional to the temperature difference (Ts Tr) and the surftce area in contact with the fluid. Rate of heat convection = h (2m ru) (Ty =) where h is a constant called heat convection coefficient . By overall energy balance, QCrgL) =h C2nte6) (Ts—T) 1) +90 Ts= 1; + = ae Consider a spherical nuclear fuel material of radius rp and rate of heat generation q (watvmm’), Find the temperature difference between the surface and surrounding fluid in steady state (his the heat convection coefficient). cu Ae, cuy at wt ® ot @ % h In the above passage, the ratio of temperature gradient at r= 1/2 and r= is wi @+ oF o Passage #7 (Q-42 & 43) Qar 43 Imagine a system, that can keep the room temperature within a narrow range between 20°C to 25°C. The system includes a heat engine operating with variable power P = 3 KT, where K is a constant coefficient, depending upon the thermal insulation of the room, the area of the walls and the thickness ofthe walls. Tis, temperature of the room in degree. When the room temperature drops lower than 20°C, the engine turs on, when the temperature inerease over 25°C, the engine turns off, oom looses energy at a rate of K(T ~ Ta). To iste outdoor temperate. The eat capac ofthe room is C. (Given : Te = 106, n (3) = 04, tn($) -o18, & ~ 73081. Suppose at t= 0, the engine turns off, after how much time interval, again, the engine will urn on = (A) 10min (B)5 minute (©) 1.125 minute (D) 2.25 minute Suppose at t= 0, the engine turns on, after how much time interval again, the engine will tum off (A) 10 minute (8) 5 minute (©1125 minute () 2.25 minuteChallenging massage # 8(Q.44 10 46) ‘A composite spherical shel is made up of two materials having thermal conductivities K and 2K respectively as shown in the figure. The temperature atthe innermost surface is mai at the outermost surface is maintained at 107. A,B, C and D are four p ined at T whereas the temperature nts in the outer material such that AB = BC = CD. Now answer the following vor Q.44 The effective thermal resistance between the inner surface ofthe shell and the outer surface ofthe shell for the radical heat flow is 1 1 1 6 a) saa laa © KR © TaKR © ea ©) ToaRR 445 The net rate of heat flow from the outermost surface tothe innermost surface of the shell will be weet rarer © Sacre ant Q.46 Out ofthe segments AB, BC and CD the magnitude ofthe temperature difference will be meximum across as (Bc joo (D) equal across all the three 0 #9 (Q.47 049) ‘A $009 teapot and an insulated thermos are ina 20°C room. The teapot is filled with 1000 g ofthe boiling ‘water. 12 tea bags are then placed into the teapot. The brewed te is allowed to coo! to 80°C, then 250 g of the tea is poured from the teapot into the thermos. The teapot is then kept on an insulated warmer tha transfers $00 camino the tea, Assume tha the spesific heat of brewed te isthe same as that of pure water and that the tea bags have a very small mass compared to that ofthe water, and a negligible effect on the temperature. The specific heat of teapot is 0.17 Jig K and thet of water is 4.18 J/g K. The entire procedure is done under atmospheric pressure. There are 4.18 Jin one calorie Q47 After the tea is added t0 the thermos, the temperature ofthe liquid quickly falls from 80°C to 75°C as it reaches thermal equilibrium with the thermos flask. What isthe heat capacity ofthe thermos ? (aos aK 4K (©)954K (Dy s789Kae g "Q48 An allemative method for Keeping the tea hot would be to place the teapot on @ 10 pound block the has been ‘heated in an oven to 300°C. A block of which of the following substances would best be able to keep the tea hot? (A) copper (specific heat = 0.39 J/g K) (B) granite (specific heat = 0.79 Wig K) (©) iron (specific heat= 0.45 Jig K) (D) pewter (specific heat = 0.17 J/g K) 49 IFafter some ofthe tea has been transfer to the thermos (as described in the passage) the teapot with ts contents (ata temperature of 80°C) was placed on the insulated warmer for 5 minutes, what would be the temperature at the end ofthis 5 minute period ? (Assume that no significant heat transfer occurs with the surroundings) aeore Base (aztec (ssa Panage #10 (Q80t0 82) ‘The figure shows a radiant energy spectrum graph fora back body at trperture al at B oo. Q.50 Choose the correct statemeni(s) (A) The radiant energy isnot equally distibuted among all the possible wavelengths (B) Fora particular wavelength the spectral intensity is maximum (©) The area under the curve is equal to the total rate at which heat is radiated by the body at that temperature (Dy None of these QS1_ IF the temperature ofthe body is raised toa higher temperature, then choose the correct statement(s) (A) The intensity of radiation for every wavelength increases (B) The maximum intensity occurs ata shorter wavelength (©) The area under the graph increases (D) The area under the graph is proportional tothe fourth power of temperature Q52 Identify the graph which correctly represents the spectral intensity versus wavelength graph at two temperatures T and T(TQ;C9S;DIR 54. (A) S5.A->R;B>P;C>S;D9QTransverse Wave ~ —— p< Single Correct Option Type Queso Qu Astring of mass m and length 1 is hanging ftom ceiling as shown inthe figure. Wave in string move upward. Vaand vp are the speed of wave at A and B respectively. Then vu is 8 2 @ abe $ (A) Vvq (B)vs S;C>PRDOS 0.A9P:BIRC>QD9S 4L.A>Q:B>R;C>S;D>P 2.0) 8.0) MA>PS:BOPRC>QT;DFQRT 48.(A) ‘Numerle Response Type Questions 46.9 474 48.6 49.3 50,2 31.7 82.1 53.4 sas 58.5 56.8 S15i Sound Wave Single Correct Option "6 UGE Q1 Find out frequency at which maximum intensity detected by observer O. If velocity of sound = 340 m/s" and, frequency range of source 2000 Hz to $000 Hz ——20em 10m so 0 Observer Source oom (a) 3350 (8) 4450 He (©) 2900 He (D) None of these Q2 A railway engine whistling at a constant frequency moves with a constant speed. It goes past a stationary observer standing beside the rail track, The frequency (n) of the sound beard by the observer is plotted against time (1). Which ofthe followings bes represents the resulting curve? Aha 3 Ata point onthe screen in YDSE experiment 3 maxima is observed a t= 0. Now sereen is slowly moved ‘with constant speed away from the slits in sucha way that the contre of sits and centre of seca lie on same line always and at t= 1 seo the intensity a that pont i observed (34) of maximum intensity in between 2% and 3" maxima, The speed of sereen may be (D = separation between the serzen and slits d= separation between thesis, <<, A= 5000 A) > 3D D wo? o> of (Dy None ofthese Q4 A radar wave (speed 3 * 10" mvs) has a frequency 7.9 10" Hz, is reflected from an aeroplane, shows @ frequency difference of 2.7 « 10° Hazon the higher side (if we assume that Dopplers effect can be applied on light wave similar as sound wave) (A) velocity of aeroplane is 1.87 « 10° km/m (8) velocity of aeroplane in the line of sights 1.87 » 10° knvm (©) velocity of aeroplane is 1.35 10° kfm (D) velocity of aeroplane in the line of sight is 1.35 « 10° kvm,Q6 qr Qs Qs Quo qu Quz Qu longing Problems vertone and in always resonance with ‘A closed organ pipe of lengih 99.4 em is vibrating in its first overtone : tunning fork having frequency f = (300 ~ 21) Hz. Where is time in second. The rate by which radius of ‘organ pipe changes when its radius is 1 em, is (speed of sound in organ pipe = 320 rs) + uy ae () bs ) pms ot ms Om 3 ‘Temperature dependence of speed of sound could be expressed as v = Ky/T, where k is some postive ‘constant In @ medium sound is traveling along x-axis. At x = 0 temperature is Ti and at x= ¢ temperature is ‘Tzand the temperature varies linearly with x. Time tke by sound to travel from x = 010x = Cis 2t t t 1 (a) (D) OUR) Onna) Oagiee) © Mie) ‘A closed organ pipe has length ‘ The ar init is vibrating in 3" overtone with maximum amplitude ‘a’, The amplitude ata distance of (77 from closed end ofthe pipe is equal to = Aa + @ar om (D)22%0 {Ina stationary longitudinal wave at peessure antinode (A) Pressure is maximum, (B) Pressure remains constant. (C) Pressure difference is maximum. {(D) density varies maximum to mainimum at a regular interval of time, ‘An organ pipe of eross sectional area 100 cm? resonates with a tuning fork of frequency 1000 Hz. in fundamental tone. The minimum volume of water to be drain out so that the pipe again resonate with the same tuning fork is (take velocity of wave = 320 mis) (A) 800 cm (B) 120m? (©) 1600 en? (D) 2000 em? {A closed organ pipe of length ¢ is sounded together with another closed organ pipe of length €+ x (x <<). ‘Both vibrate in their fundamental modes. Ifthe speed of sound is v, then the beat frequency heard is = at © ta wa On OF (DN “The sped of sound in air (A) independent of pesure (@) increases with temperature (©) increases it huiity (yall theabove are tue ‘A bat emits ultrasonic sound of frequency 1000 kHz in air. IF the sound encounters a water surface, what is ratio ofthe wavelengths ofthe reflected sound, to the reffacted sound? Speed of sound in air is 340 ms" and in water 1486 ms" (ayaa (B)023 (34 @! Diffraction of sound waves is more evident in daily life than that of light waves because (A) for sound waves wavelength is comparable to sit width {(B) for light waves wavelength is comparable slit width {(C) velocity of sound is less in comparison to light {(D) wavelength range of sound is broader in comparison to wavelength range of lightQua Qus Statement Based Questions Qa6 Quy Qas Quy — a Ifthree sources of sound of equal intensities and having frequencies 300 Hz, 30] Hz and 302 Hz are sounded: ‘together, the number of beats heard is wi ®2 ©@3 (DyNone ‘A metal bar clamped at is centre resonates in its fundamental mode to produce longitudinal waves of frequency 4 kilz. Now, the clamp is moved to one end. Iff, and fy are the frequencies of first overtones end second overtone in second case, respectively, then A)3h=5h ®3h= 5h Ohm (26h ‘Statement-1: A balloon filed with o, gus acts as a converging lens fora sound wave, Statement-2 : Sound waves travel faster in aie than in (A) Statement is true, statement? is true and statement-2 is corect explanation for statement (B) Statement is true, sttement-2 tre and statement-2 is NOT is correct explanation for statement. (©) Statement is tue, statement? is false (D) Statement is false, statemen2is tue. Statement-I": Velocity of particles, while crossing mean position (in stationary waves) varies from ‘maximum at antinodes to zero at nodes. ‘Statement-2 : Amplitude of vibration at antinodes is maximum and at nodes, the amplitudes is zero and all particles between two successive nodes cross the mean position together. (A) Statement-1is tre, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1. (B) Statement- is tue, statement-2 true and statement-2 is NOT is correct explanation for statement. (C) Statement is true, statement2is false. (D) Statement-1 is false, sttement2 is tue, ‘Statement-1 : Newton's equation for speed of sound in air was found wrong because, he assumed process 2s isothermal, ‘Statement-2 : Flow of sound wave in a medium is very fast. Quick process suppress heat exchange, hease this process must be adiabatic in nature (A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement) (B) Statement is tue, statement-2 true and statement-2 is NOT is correct explanation for statement. (©) Statementt is tue, statement.2is false. (D) Statement is false, statement? is true, ‘Statement-1 : Ifa plank is moving with speed v (v is greater then speed of sound). Acoustic sourve and detector are fixed as shown. Acoustic detector will never detect the sound emitted by acoustic source and Statement. The speed of sound is reference frame dependent, Acoustic Acoustic source Detector oe —+ (A) Staternent-1 is True, Statement -2 is True: Statement -2 is. correct explanation fie Statement -1 (B) Statement +1 in True, Statement -2 Is Tru Statement -1 (©) Statement -| is True, Satement -2 a False, (D) Statement «1 is False, Statement -2 is Tre, Statement -2 is NOT a correct explanation forMultiple Correct Option Type Qt 20 gai Qa Q23 Asa wave propagates, (A) the wave intensity remains constant for plane wave (B) the wave intensity decrease as the inverse ofthe distance from the source for a spherical wave, (©) the wave intensity decreases as the inverse square ofthe distance from the souce for spherical wave, () total intensity ofthe spherieal wave over the spherical surface remains constant at all times, while source Is atthe centre of spherical surface. 330 20 isin oa anticclockwise sense. A detector is at rest at point (2R, 0) watt. the centre of the circle, If the frequency ‘emitted by the source is fand the speed of sound, C= 330 mis. Then ‘A source is moving across a circle given by the equation x’ + y?= R°, with constant speed ¥ (B) The co-ordinate of the source when the detector records minimum frequency is (0, R). 63, (C) The maximum frequency recorded by the detector is f © quency y arehl . (oye minima sieny wey te deer Ft ‘A very light rod AB is initially hung fom a point P by means of two identical copper wires of the same length s the rod as shown inthe figure. Particles of masses | kg and 4 kg are then attached tothe ends A and Bof the od, The rato ofthe fundamental lequenies of vibration ofthe wites AP and BP, ie, ays oy 16 M2 In a resonance tube experiment, an 80 cm air column is in resonance with a turing fork in fist overtone. ‘Which equation can represent correct pressure variation inthe air column (= 0iis the top point ofthe tube, neglect end correction, speed of sound = 320 msec) (Wy Ase 15 xc 6o0s Aca Sanco (© Ace Sasi on (Asin Sino 0os a (Q.24 When tuning forks A and B are struck, a beat Requency fue is heard When And C are struck a beat Requency ‘of fxcis heard. It was found that fac fu ffs fa and fate individual frequencies, then what are te possible relations? (A) n> fa fe Bi h> fe (O) fe f.> fo essage Based Questions aa rast qasaze 4, the fundamental frequency becomes twice. [neglect length of hanging wire). (a1 mm) cos 2 (y + tom) cos 2x (400) ‘Where y is measured fom the top ofthe tube in meters andt in second. Here I emis the end correction ‘The sir column is vibrating in (A)Firstovertone —(B) fithharmonic (C) Third harmonic (D) Fundamental mode Equation of the sanding wave germs of excess press f- (Bulk moduli of air B= S10 Nin) (A) Pa (125rNi sin 2 (y+1en) os 25 (4009) (@yPa=(25aNint cos (y+ 1 sia 4009) © a= (@25nNin) sin 7% (+1 mm) cos2n (2001) (0) a= Qasr eos 2% 1 em) sin2n 2009) Passage #5 (Q.35 & 36) Q3s 936 Pas Qs7 Q38 Qa9 ‘A linear simple harmonic oscillator has small sonie sources of frequency 90 Hy, fixed on it. The harmonic ‘oscillator is placed in a room where air flow direction is either in the direction of motion of oscillator or ‘against it A sonic detector is pliced along the axis of the simple harmonic oscillator. Speed of airflow is half ‘of speed of sound in given medium and maximum speed of oscillator is one fourth ofthe speed ofthe sound. “The maximum posible fequency recorded bythe detector (a) 120 @ 140 (©) 180 240 “The minimum possible frequency recorded by the detector (ayeo (6) 30 (O40 os ge #6 (Q.37 1039) ‘The air column in a pipe closed at one end is made to vibrate in its thitd over tone by tuning fork of frequency 220 Hz. The speed of sound in air is 330 m/sec, End correction may be neglected, Let Pe denote the mean pressure at any point inthe pipe and APs the maximum amplitude of pressure vibration, Find the length of the air column (432m (B)2.625 m (€)4.23 m (D) 116m ‘What isthe amplitude of pressure variation atthe middle of the column a, iar, AR Old es (©)4Po Ms ‘What is the maximum pressure athe open end ofthe pipe? re (B)Po* Aa ORB (D) None oftheseao oat Column Matching Type Questions” aaa Chall age #7 (Q.40.& 41) A square ground of side clr ening tack of radia £74. The cente of equre grand coincides withthe centre of eiceular tack. A man is running on the circular track, the angular velocities of tne pining man to centre ofthe circle is 22 rads, while aca is running on adjacent road ts shown. The car moves in, ‘such a way thatthe ca, man and centre le one straight line always. A source of sound is Kept atthe centre of circular track. The frequency of sound produced by source is 300 Hz, The velocities of sound in air is 330 mvs ‘Now answer the following question. (width ofthe tack is ignorable) fat any time ¢ line joining man to centre ofthe track makes angle © with y - axis. Find the value of O at ‘Which an observer inthe ear observes minimum frequency. aan Bas oor ox ‘The minimum frequency observed by the observer in the car will be (A) 25082, (B) 200 Hz (usw (0) 150 Hz A source of sound in moving along a circular erbit of radius 3 m with angular velocity of 10 rad $ detector located for away is executing lines Assound ‘SHM with amplitude 6 m on lie BCD as shown. The frequency startin (!) pm Te tt Ake dat et Seat ‘continuous sound wave of frequency 340 Hz. (Velocity of sound = 330 ms"), Match the column A with B. Columa-t Column-tt (A) The frequeney of sound recorded by detector att= 37/4, ©) 285 He (B) The frequency of sound recorded by detector at = T/4, @ts (©) The ratio ofthe time perio of source and detector ®) 42H (Girclar motion and SHM), (D) Maximum velocity of detector/maximum velocity of source. (S) 2:1 (Tis time period of oscillation).SOUND WAVE ‘A wave is transmitted from denser to rarer medium than match fol List Lise (P) Frequency of wave (1) will increase for sound wave (Q speed of wave (Q) will decrease for sound wave (R) Wavelength of wave (3) Remains unchanged for sound wave or light wave (8) Amplitude of wave (4) Will increase for light wave (3) Will decrease for light wave codes: P go ors M 2 @4) 3) @s) @ 3 3 eyo © 3 @4) 2,3) 2,5) @ 2 % BS (Qu In closed organ pipe tone end - Lise Lise (P) Third overtone frequency is x times fundamental frequency thenx is (1)3 (Q) Number of nodes in second overtone Q4 (R) Number of antinodes in second overtone @s (S) n* harmonic ‘does not exists, where nis 7 6 Codes: Po e@ oR s (cs cerita @ 4 1 1 @5 © 4 2 3 3 ® 3 2 4 @ 45 Coser sinaton9 tat vod nes = (02) sin se 35) andy = (06m) sins9on (1-2) ssp imposed Cone ans ssn) ato sound ner = (04m) sn sin t— 5) and y= (04m) sin 04 (35) ‘are superimposed, Match the following Column ‘Colum =H (A) [in situation (P)_| Stationary waves are formed (3) | In situation il) (Q) | There willbe phenomenon of beats When two waves of same frequency and ‘Mina io wares aoe eroneoy a ‘Amplitude of the resultant wave will vary (© | amplitude and traveling in opposite direction) (R) | Pe ecally with position superimpose. Ti the intensity of sound akerntelytareaves and decreases periodically a result of Amplitude ofthe resultant wave will va ° sept fs oy S| periodically with tne . “Amplitude of he resultant wave will Be constantNumeric Response Type Questions) | 46 Qa7 50 Challenging Problems ‘There isa composite wire of aluminium and stel having uniform cross-section (A) throught. The composite wie i in stretched condition with tension T. Al steel +e ry @ 2 m = Im. B density of AL=2.6 gem? density of steel = 7.8 gm/cm? the external source is of lowest possible frequency to srike resonance in the composite wire with junction ‘node. How many loops onthe string are formed? are at the same point Ris ) R is at mean position and A sound source S emitting a sound of frequency $00 Hz and receiver R of mass performing SHM with the help of a spring of force constant k. At a time t= ‘moving toward right as shown in figure. At the same time, source starts moving away from the R with an sctention 7 a Gen tat B = 12 stage of oietin of R= 2m, sed fs ‘= 300 mis. Ifthe frequency (in Hz) registered by detector at t= 10 second is (5Ox)Hz, find x. ‘A sting 25 em long fixed at both ends and having a mass of 2.5g is under tension of 25N. A pipe closed from one end is 40 em long. When the string is set vibrating in its first overtone and the ar in the pipe in its fundamental mode, beat are heard, It is observed that increasing the tension in the string decrease the beat frequency. Ifthe speed of sound in air is 328 ms, find the beat frequency. Three coherent sources generating waves inthe same phase are placed as shown. The wave length of the ‘wave is 40 « 10m, The minimum distanced (in um), such that intensity at point D is 9 times the intensity of each source will be 4 aod — eer ‘A source of sound with natural frequency n= 1.8 kz moves uniformly along a strigt line separated rom a stationary observer by a distance ¢ = 280 m, The velocity ofthe source is equal to 1) = 0:80 fraction ofthe velocity of sound, Find the frequency in Kitz of sound recelved by the observer atthe moment when the source get closest to him;