Translation

translation
~ is the process of translating the
sequence ofa messenger RNA (mRNA)
molecule to a sequence of amino acids
during protein synthesis.
PROCESS
STEP 1 • As translation begins, mRNA binds
to a ribosome. Then, tRNA molecules,
each carrying a specific amino acid,
approach the ribosome. The tRNA
anticodon pairs with the first mRNA
(start)codon arginine-uracil-guanine
(AUG), to form the initiation complex.
The two molecules temporarily join
together.
STEP 2 • Usually, the first codon on
mRNA is AUG, which codes for
the amino acid methionine. AUG
signals the start of protein
synthesis. Then,the ribosome
slides along the mRNA to the
next codon
STEP 3
• A new tRNA molecule
carrying an amino acid
pairs with the second
mRNA codon.
STEP 4
• When the first and
second amino acids are in
place, an enzyme joins
them by forming a
peptide bond between
them.
STEP 5 • As the process continues,
a chain of amino acids is
formed until the ribosome
reaches a stop codon (e.g.,
UAA, UAG, UGA) on the mRNA
strand. The polypeptide
chain is released. Protein
synthesis is complete.
 GENETIC CODE

As we already know Proteins are long There are around 20

compounds that have different types of amino
DNA is made up from
many different acids. Each amino acid
four different bases: A,
functions within has a code within the
C, G and T. The
organisms. Proteins are DNA. The code consists
sequence of these made up from smaller of three bases, we call
bases is what defines units called amino acids. these "base triplet
the genetic code. codes".
 SECOND LETTER

THIRD LETTER
FIRST LETTER