ECOTOURISM

P ROF. DR. RER. NAT I MAM WI DHIONO, M. S .

P ROF. DR. S U H ESTRI S U RYANING SIH, M. S .
DR . EMING S U DI ANA, M. SI .
D R . E N DANG A R I YANI, M, S I .
T R I SNO H ARYANTO, M. SI .
INTRODUCTION
ECOTOURISM IS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL COMMUNITY-BASED MODELS OF BIODIVERSITY
CONSERVATION
ECOTOURISM MUST BE STUDYED WITH A MULTIDISCIPLINE APPROACH, NOT ONLY BY
BIOLOGICAL PEOPLE, BUT ALSO FROM THE ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL SIDE.
THE BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITY SHOULD BE OPEN THOUGHT THAT BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
SHOULD BE COMPREHENSIVE
CURRENT TREND HAS MANY FUNDAMENTAL FAILURES IN ECOTURISM
ECOTOURISM IS A RELATIVELY NEW CONCEPT, AND IS STILL FREQUENTLY MISUNDERSTOOD.
ECOTOURISM PROGRAMS DO NOT INCREASE CONSERVATION AWARENESS, BUT CAUSE
NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS.
DEFINITION OF ECOTOURISM
THE ECOTOURISM SOCIETY ( 1990):
“NATURAL TOURISM IS CONDUCTED IN AN EFFORT TO CONSERVE BIODIVERSITY AND
IMPROVE THE WELFARE OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES “
KEYWORDS: NATURAL, CONSERVATION AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES
MARTHA HONEY (1999) :
ECOTURISM IS A TRAVEL FOR TOURISTS TO A NATURE LOCATION, A CONSERVATION
ACTIVITY IN THE FORM OF A NATIONAL PARK, THAT WILL GIVE VISITORS LEARNING
ABOUT CONSERVATION, FINANCE, IMPROVING THE ECONOMY AND POLITICS OF LOCAL
COMMUNITIES, LOCAL CULTURAL VALUES AND HUMAN RIGHTS
KEYWORDS: LEARNING, CONSERVATION, LOCAL COMMUNITIES
 1996 IUCN (WORLD NATURE CONSERVATION)
Ecotourism: Environmentally responsible travel to natural locations
to enjoy and appreciate the beauty of nature (with all its attributes,
both past and future) by increasing the conservation of literature,
reducing the environmental impact of visitors, and impacting the
socio-economic activities of the local community
ECOTOURISM
KONSERVASI
KERAGAMAN
HAYATI

DAMPAK
LEINGKUNGAN EKOTURISME MASYARAKAT
LOKAL
RENDAH

BUDAYA LOKAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF ECTOURISM (PATTERSON, 2002)
1. Ecotourism has a low impact on protected areas, natural resources and recreation areas
2. Ecotourism involves many stakeholders (individuals, local communities, ecotourism experts, tour operators and
government institutions) in the planning, development, implementation and monitoring phases.
3. Visitor restrictions both in terms of the number and number of groups in one season
4. Ecotourism supports conservation groups of living natural resources to maintain the authenticity of the area
5. Ecotourism provides an orientation of areas that will be visited by tourists
6. Local people are trained in the ability to manage ecotourism
7. Ecotourism recognizes that the authenticity of nature is a central element of the tourist experience.
8. Tour guides are trained to be able to explain the natural history of the area and its functions
9. Ecotourism ensures wildlife is not disturbed
10. Ecotourism respects local culture
POSITION OF ECOTURISM IN THE
TOURISM INDUSTRY
 Chaaracteristics of mass tourism. Characteristics of ecotourism
Large groups of visitors Small groups of visitors
Urban Rural
Touristic general marketing activities Eco-marketing activities.

Average prices for purposes of market penetration High price with purpose of filtering the market
Impact on natural environment Little impact on the natural environment
Advanced control options Limited possibilities of control

Management based on macroeconomic principles Management based on local economic principles

Personalized relationships between visitors
Anonymous relationship between visitors and
and
local community
local community
General development goals Local development objectives
Behavior-oriented leisure
Loyalty in the process of training and education for
activities/entertainment, opponents to education
appropriate conduct for the natural environment
and training actions
Intensive development of tourism facilities Reduced development of tourism facilities
 STANDARTS OF ECOTOURISM
(WEAVER & LAWTON, 2007)
A. Ecosystem Protection
◦ Ecotourism takes care of the ecosystem
◦ Existing Wildlife Protection Especially Endangered Species
◦ Humans Live in Harmony With Wild Life

B. Caring for the Physico-Chemical Conditions of Tourist Locations

◦ Protection of Water Quality and Marine Resources
◦ No Waste and Contaminants in the Environment (Water, Soil or Air)
 STANDARTS OF ECOTOURISM
(WEAVER & LAWTON, 2007)
C. Conservation of local culture and history
▪ Culture of locality is maintained
▪ Historical structures are maintained as part of cultural heritage
D. Infrastructures and signboards blend with the environment
E. Sustainability
▪ Maintenance of Carrying Capacity of the environment;
▪ Environmental education program is part of the ecotourism package;
▪ Livelihood must benefit more the local community than outside entrepreneurs;
▪ The local government supports the ecotourism project through ordinances and resolutions; and
▪ The Management Board (community-based) and appropriate government agencies, e.g.
▪ DENR, support the project through strict enforcement of environmental laws
▪ Experience and product management should follow principles and practices associated with ecological, socio-cultural and economic
sustainability.