GONZALES | LACSINA | SANCHEZ | BASA

Bacteria Fungi GMO

Bacteria

Maintenance of Decomposers
Ecological system

Industry Medicine
Bacteria

Maintenance of
Ecological system
Bacteria

”Bacteria is needed for nutrient cycles such as

carbon and nitrogen.”
Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient or living organisms

because it is a core component of?
Bacteria

Maintenance of Decomposers
Ecological system

Industry Medicine
Bacteria

Decomposers
Bacteria

What are bacteria?

Bacteria

Why are bacteria important in decomposition?

What type of bacteria decomposes?

What is the role of decomposing bacteria?

Which bacteria helps in decomposition?

Bacteria

Importance of bacteria decomposition to

humans
The bacteria in our bodies help degrade the food we eat, help
make nutrients available to us and neutralize toxins, to name a
few examples.
Bacteria

Importance of bacteria decomposition in

agriculture

Bacteria decompose complex organic materials into their simple

forms and also produce secondary products that lead to an
increase in soil fertility.
Bacteria

Which is a better decomposer?

Bacteria

Maintenance of Decomposers
Ecological system

Industry Medicine
Bacteria

Industry
Bacteria
1. Production of Curd, Butter, and Cheese

Curd
Lactobacillus casei
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Lactobacillus lactis
Lactococcus lactis cremoris
Leuconostoc
Bacteria
1. Production of Curd, Butter, and Cheese

Butter
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis
Bacteria
1. Production of Curd, Butter, and Cheese

Cheese
Propionibacter shermani (causes eyes in cheese)

Brevibacterium linens (gives cheese a sweaty smell)

Lactococcus lactis spp. cremoris (Cheddar cheese)

Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus

(Mozzarella)
Bacteria
1. Production of Curd, Butter, and Cheese

Propionibacter shermani (causes eyes in cheese)

EYES
Bacteria
1. Production of Curd, Butter, and Cheese

Brevibacterium linens (gives cheese a sweaty smell)

Bacteria
1. Production of Curd, Butter, and Cheese

Lactococcus lactis spp. cremoris (Cheddar cheese)

Bacteria
1. Production of Curd, Butter, and Cheese

Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus (Mozzarella)

Bacteria

2. Production of Yogurt
Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota
Bacteria

3. Production of Vinegar (4%)

Acetobacter aceti
Gluconobacter spp.
Bacteria

4. Production of Fermented food

Lactic acid bacteria (Kimchi) Lactobacillus plantarum (Sauerkraut)

Bacteria

5. Curing of tea, coffee, and cocoa

Bacillus megaterium
Bacteria

6. Retting of fibers (e.g. jute)

Clostridium butyricum
Bacillus polymyxa
Bacteria

7. Preparation of leather (Tanning process)

Bacillus subtilis
Bacteria

Maintenance of Decomposers
Ecological system

Industry Medicine
Bacteria

Medicine
Bacteria
Antibiotic Production
Bacteria
Vaccine Production
Bacteria

Pathogenesis
1. Exposure
2. Adhesion
3. Invasion
4. Infection
Bacteria
Probiotics
Fungi

Decomposers Industry Medicine

Fungi

Decomposers
Fungi

What are fungi?

Fungi

Yeast Molds Mushroom

Fungi

A few features that set fungi apart from other

microbes are :
Fungi are osmotrophic – can absorb food

Possess a characteristic hypha at their tips which carry out food

exploration

They possess nucleic cells containing chromosomes

Reproduce through spore formation (Mushrooms)

 Fungi

MAMARANG/UONG
– Philippine Wild
Mushrooms
Fungi

Decomposers Industry Medicine

Fungi

Industry
 Fungi

1. Production of beer, wine, and bread

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer’s and baker’s yeast)

Beer production Wine production Bread making

Fungi

WINE-MAKING USING CUCUMBER & YEAST

Peel cucumber Chop and blend Extract juice

Fungi

Add sugar and Close tightly. FIlter after 7 days

yeast
Fungi

Store for another 2 weeks Final Product (ready for consumption)

 Fungi

2. Production of cheese
Pennicilium roqueforti

Blue Cheese Gorgonzola

 Fungi

2. Production of cheese
Pennicilium camemberti

Brie Camembert
 Fungi

3. Food source

Enoki Shiitake Oyster Button

 Fungi

4. Mycelium-based products Packaging

Mycelium + agri waste

Mycelium foam
Mycelium packaging
 Fungi

4. Mycelium-based products Packaging

VIDEO ABOUT MYCELIUM FOAM

Fungi

Decomposers Industry Medicine

Fungi

Medicine
 Fungi

Production of Useful Medicine

Lovastatin from
Aspergillus terreus

Source: Subhan et al., 2016

 Fungi

Alternative Antibiotic Production

 Fungi

Alternative Antibiotic Production

Silver’s Antibiotic Properties

Lovastatin from
Aspergillus terreus

Source: Subhan et al., 2016

GMO
Bt crops Microorganisms
GMO

What are GMOs?

GMO

IDENTIFY

COPY

INSERT

GROW
GMO

VIDEO ABOUT GMO

GMO

GMO Crops in the Philippines

Bt corn Bt eggplant Bt cotton

GMO

GMO Crops in the Philippines

Bt corn
Bt eggplant Bt cotton
 GMO

GMO Crops in the Philippines

Bt eggplant
Bt corn Bt cotton
 GMO

GMO Crops in the Philippines

Bt corn Bt eggplant
Bt cotton
GMO

How do Bt crops affect the farmers?

GMO

Golden Rice
GMO
 GMO

Genetically-engineered

E. coli
 GMO

Genetically-engineered
Propionibacterium
freudenreichii
 GMO

Genetically-engineered
Pseudomonas putida
 GMO

Genetically-engineered
Deinococcus
radiodurans
 Barros, C., Fulaz, S., Stanisic, D., & Tasic, L. (2018). Biogenic Nanosilver against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria (MDRB). Antibiotics, 7(3),

69. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics7030069

References Naveen, K. V., Sathiyaseelan, A., Mariadoss, A. V. A., Xiaowen, H., Saravanakumar, K., & Wang, M. H. (2021). Fabrication of mycogenic

silver nanoparticles using endophytic fungal extract and their characterization, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities.

Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 128, 108575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108575

Prasad, K., Lekshmi, G. S., Ostrikov, K., Lussini, V., Blinco, J., Mohandas, M., Vasilev, K., Bottle, S., Bazaka, K., & Ostrikov, K. (2017).

Synergic bactericidal effects of reduced graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative

bacteria. Scientific Reports, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01669-5

Santos-Beneit, F., Ceniceros, A., Nikolaou, A., Salas, J. A., & Gutierrez-Merino, J. (2022). Identification of Antimicrobial Compounds in

Two Streptomyces sp. Strains Isolated From Beehives. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13.

REFERENCES https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.742168

Subhan, M., Faryal, R., & Macreadie, I. (2016). Exploitation of Aspergillus terreus for the Production of Natural Statins. Journal of Fungi,

2(2), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof2020013

Vieco-Saiz, N., Belguesmia, Y., Raspoet, R., Auclair, E., Gancel, F., Kempf, I., & Drider, D. (2019). Benefits and Inputs From Lactic Acid

Bacteria and Their Bacteriocins as Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters During Food-Animal Production.

Frontiers in Microbiology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00057

Zaragoza, Orellana, Moonen, Moutafis, & Marcellin. (2019). Vaccine Production to Protect Animals Against Pathogenic Clostridia. Toxins,

11(9), 525. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11090525

BACTERIA + FUNGI + GMO =?