THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

(O’tgan tugallangan zamon)

Darak: S + had + V3ed

Ex: I had done my homework.
( Uyga vazifamni bajarib bo’lgan edim)

Note: Past Perfectni ishlatish uchun gapda yesterday + by bo’lishi shart.

Taqqoslash:
I worked in the garden yesterday.
I was working in the garden at 5 yesterday.
I had worked in the garden by 5 yesterday.

Inkor: S + had not + V3ed

Ex: I hadn’t finished my work by 6 yesterday.

So’roq: General – Had + S + V3ed?

Ex: Had you learned English by then?
Special – Whq + had + S + V3ed?
Ex: What had you done by 10 yesterday?
Egaga savol berish: Who/what + had + V3ed
Ex: Who had done this homework by that time?

USAGE
1) O’tgan zamongacha tugagan ish-harakatlar uchun, bunda by + time muhim.
Ex: I had eaten my meal by 6 yesterday.
Jack had arrived by last year.
My friend had graduated university by 2015.

2) 2 ta sodda gapda. Agar natija Present Simpleda bo’lsa, uni keltirib chiqargan
sabab Present Perfectda beriladi.
Ex: The window is broken. Someone has broken it.
--- Agar natija qisman Past Simple da berilsa, uni keltirib chiqargan sabab Past
Perfect da beriladi.
Ex: The window was broken. Someone had broken it.

Qo’shma gaplarda

When
Before + Past simple ; S + had + already/just/never + V3ed
By the time
Until

Ex: When I arrived home, they had already left.

I had never spoken English before I went to London.
Had you eaten pizza by the time you visited UK?

After
When + Past perfect ; Past simple
As soon as
Ex: After I had done my work I had a rest
Did you se Tom after you had left the room?
Where did you visit after you had arrived in Navoi?

When + past simple ; past continuous + that + Past perfect

Ex: When I came home, my brother was playing with a pencil that he had broken.
When I saw tom, he was eating the icecream that he had bought from the shop.

S + had + hardly/barely/scarcely + V3ed + when + S + V2

Ex: I had hardly opened the door when the phone rang.

No sooner + had + S + V3ed + than + S + V2ed

Ex: No sooner had he arrived home thn the phone rang.

Time Signal:
By 6 yesterday
By that time
Already
Just
Never
Yet
Hardly
Scarcely
Barely
No sooner … than
By the end of the + time
By 2010
By then