Computer

Generations
 Generation - Meaning
The evolution of
electronic computers over a
period of time that could
classify computer into
various categories by the
components used in each
time period is called as
generation.
 Generation - Types
 First Generation (1942 – 1955 )

 Second Generation ( 1955 – 1964 )

 Third Generation ( 1964 – 1975 )

 Fourth Generation ( 1975 - 1980 )

 Fifth Generation ( 1980 – till date )

 Sixth Generation ( In future )

 First Generation
• The component used for
circuitry in this generation was
the Vacuum tubes.
• Magnetic Drums were used for
memory.
• These machines consumed a
lot of space and electricity.
Sometimes the heat generated
made them to malfunction .
• Input was based on Punched
cards & Paper tapes .
 First Generation
 The component used for
circuitry in this generation
was the Vacuum tubes.
 Big in size
 Consumed more power
 Malfunctioned often due to
overheat
 Machine Language was used
 First Generation
Output was displayed on
Printouts.
Example for first generation
computers are
UNIVAC ( Universal
Automatic Computer )
ENIAC ( Electronic
Numerical Integrator And
Calculator )
They solved only one problem at
a time.
Vacuum Tubes
First Generation - UNIVAC
First Generation - ENIAC
 Second Generation
Vacuum tubes were replaced by
Transistors, as they were small in size
, the size of the computers became
smaller, they became faster, cheaper,
energy efficient and more reliable
than first generation counterparts.
Tr a n s i s t o r s d i d m a l f u n c t i o n a t t i m e s
but, they were a major improvement.
They used Punched cards for input
and printouts for output.
 Second Generation
They moved from machine languages
to Assembly languages, so now
programmers could use words to
specify instructions.
High-level programming languages
were developed at this time, such as
early versions of COBOL AND
F O R TR A N .
Magnetic core technology was used
for memory and instructions were
stored in the memory.
 Second Generation
 Smaller compared to First Generation
 Generated Less Heat
 Consumed less power compared to first
generation
 Punched cards were used
 First operating system ( OS ) was
developed – Batch Processing and
Multiprogramming Operating System
 Machine language as well as Assembly
language was used.
TRANSISTOR
Punched Card
 Third Generation
I n t e g r a t e d c i r c u i t s ( I C s ) w e re
u s e d fo r c i rc u i t s .
T ra n s i s t o rs w e re ma d e s ma l l e r i n
size and placed on silicon chips
w h i c h d ra ma t i c a l l y i n c re a s e d t h e
s p e e d o f c o mp u t e rs .
K e y b o ar d s a n d Mo n i t o r s r e p l ac e d
p u n c h e d c a rd s a n d p ri n t o u t s .
T h e c o mp u t e rs w e re i n t e rfa c e d w i t h
a n o p e rat i n g s y s t e m w h i c h mad e i t
t o s o l v e ma n y p ro b l e ms a t a t i me .
 Third Generation
 Computers were smaller,
faster and more reliable
 Consumed less power
 High Level Languages – (
HLL ) were used
Integrated Circuit ( IC )
 Fourth Generation
T h o u s a n d s o f I C s w e re b u i l t o n t o a
s i n g l e s i l i c o n c h i p u s i n g V e ry L a rg e
S c a l e I n t e g ra t i o n ( V L S I ) t e c h n o l o g y
a n d w e re c a l l e d Mi c r o P r o c e s s o r s .
T h e c o mp u t e rs b e c a me v e ry p o w e rfu l
a n d c o mp a c t . T h e y w e re l i n k e d t o
fo rm n e t w o r k s , w h i c h e v e n t u a l l y l e d
t o t h e d e v e l o p me n t o f I n t e r n e t .

H i g h l y s p e c i a l i z e d fo u rt h g e n e ra t i o n
l a n g u a g e s ( 4 G L s ) w e re u s e d .
 Fourth Generation
 Smaller and Faster
 Microcomputer series
such as IBM and APPLE
were developed
 Portable Computers
were introduced.
MICRO PROCESSOR
 Fifth Generation
 Ultra Large Scale Integration ( ULSI )
 Parallel Processing
 Super conductors
 Computers size was drastically
reduced.
 Can recognize Images and Graphics
 Introduction of Artificial Intelligence
and Expert Systems
 Able to solve high complex problems
including decision making and logical
reasoning.
 Fifth Generation
 They are expected to do sophisticated
calculations using Artificial
Intelligence (AI )
 AI is concerned with enabling
computers to simulate such aspects of
human intelligence as speech
recognition, deduction, inference,
creative response, the ability to
learn from experience, and the
ability to make inferences given
incomplete information.
 Sixth Generation
 Parallel and Distributed
Computing
 Computers have become smarter,
faster and smaller
 Development of robotics
 Natural Language Processing

Development of
Voice Recognition
Software
Content Developer