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Chapter 5—Gender Issues

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Our biological maleness or femaleness is called ____, whereas the psychosocial concept of our
maleness or femaleness is called ____.
a. gender; sex
b. sex; gender
c. chromosomal sex; androgyny
d. androgyny; chromosomal sex
ANS: B REF: Male and Female, Masculine and Feminine
OBJ: 05-01 MSC: TYPE: Factual

2. Sex chromosomes determine our:

a. genetic sex.
b. anatomical sex.
c. gender identity.
d. gender assumptions.
ANS: A REF: Male and Female, Masculine and Feminine
OBJ: 05-01 MSC: TYPE: Factual

3. Gender refers to ____ while sex refers to ____.

a. sociocultural and psychological aspects of being male or female; biological aspects of
maleness or femaleness
b. biological aspects of maleness or femaleness; social and cultural aspects of male or female
c. chromosomal make-up; sex-differentiated behavior
d. sexual preference; sexual orientation
ANS: A REF: Male and Female, Masculine and Feminine
OBJ: 05-01 MSC: TYPE: Factual

4. Two aspects of our biological sex are:

 a. gonadal sex and gender sex.
b. chromosomal sex and gender identity.
c. genetic sex and anatomical sex.
d. genetic sex and gender identity.
ANS: C REF: Male and Female, Masculine and Feminine
OBJ: 05-01 MSC: TYPE: Factual

5. Five-year-old Jorge and his friends are playing "dress-up" and wearing women's clothing. When his
playmates ask him if he is a boy or girl, Jorge emphatically replies, "I'm a boy!". Jorge's answer BEST
reflects his:
a. gender assumptions.
b. gender identity.
c. gender role.
d. gender-based stereotypes.
ANS: B REF: Male and Female, Masculine and Feminine
OBJ: 05-02 MSC: TYPE: Factual

6. When we meet someone new and identify them as male or female, we will expect them to behave in
certain ways. This illustrates:
a. gender assumptions.
b. gender identity.
c. gender roles.
d. sexual orientation.
ANS: A REF: Male and Female, Masculine and Feminine
OBJ: 05-02 MSC: TYPE: Factual

7. Gender roles are most influenced by which of the following?

a. biology
b. cultural expectations
c. gender identity
d. gender assumptions
ANS: B REF: Male and Female, Masculine and Feminine
OBJ: 05-02 MSC: TYPE: Factual

8. The assumption that a man would work to support his family while his wife would stay home to care
for their children would be an example of:
a. gender identity.
b. gender dysphoria.
c. gender role expectations.
d. androgyny.
ANS: C REF: Male and Female, Masculine and Feminine
OBJ: 05-02 MSC: TYPE: Application

9. Roberto meets his female neighbor, and based on her sex, makes predictions about her behavior. He is:
a. exercising gender roles.
b. making gender assumptions.
c. asserting his gender identity.
d. exhibiting androgynous behavior.
ANS: B REF: Male and Female, Masculine and Feminine
OBJ: 05-02 MSC: TYPE: Application
 10. "Gender role" refers to:
a. attitudes and behaviors considered appropriate in a specific society for people of a
particular sex.
b. an individual's decision that they wish to be male or female.
c. the perception of others that you are masculine or feminine.
d. subtle demonstrations of sexuality.
ANS: A REF: Male and Female, Masculine and Feminine
OBJ: 05-02 MSC: TYPE: Factual

11. When asked whether she is a boy or a girl, three-year-old Marga enthusiastically states "I'm a girl!"
Marga's response indicates that she has a clearly defined:
a. gender role.
b. sexual orientation.
c. gender type.
d. gender identity.
ANS: D REF: Male and Female, Masculine and Feminine
OBJ: 05-02 MSC: TYPE: Application

12. When his older sister teases him, nine-year-old Tyrone does not cry because he has learned that boys
are not supposed to cry. This exemplifies the concept of:
a. gender identity.
b. sexual orientation.
c. gender role.
d. gender type.
ANS: C REF: Male and Female, Masculine and Feminine
OBJ: 05-02 MSC: TYPE: Application

13. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a. Gender identity is determined by some aspect of biological sex.
b. Gender role expectations are largely consistent across cultures.
c. Genetic sex and anatomical sex are two aspects of gender.
d. Genetic sex is determined by our sex chromosomes.
ANS: D REF: Male and Female, Masculine and Feminine
OBJ: 05-03 MSC: TYPE: Factual

14. Research by anthropologist Maria Lepowsky (1994) revealed that inhabitants of Vanatinai Island,
known locally as “the motherland,” behave in a(n):
a. androgynous manner.
b. truly gender-egalitarian manner.
c. explicitly patriarchal manner.
d. explicitly matriarchal manner.
ANS: B REF: Male and Female, Masculine and Feminine
OBJ: 05-02 MSC: TYPE: Factual NOT: NEW
15. How one psychologically perceives oneself as either male or female is known as:
a. maleness and femaleness.
b. gender identity.
c. gender.
d. gender role.
ANS: B REF: Male and Female, Masculine and Feminine
OBJ: 05-02 MSC: TYPE: Factual NOT: NEW

16. As a result of a biological process known as meiosis, mature reproductive cells contain only:
a. one-third of the usual complement of chromosomes.
b. one-quarter of the usual complement of chromosomes.
c. one-half of the usual complement of chromosomes.
d. three-quarters of the usual complement of chromosomes.
ANS: C REF: Gender-Identity Formation OBJ: 05-03
MSC: TYPE: Factual NOT: NEW

17. Which of the following hormones helps to regulate the menstrual cycle and to stimulate development
of the uterine lining in preparation for pregnancy?
a. estrogen
b. progesterone
c. androgen
d. estradiol
ANS: B REF: Gender-Identity Formation OBJ: 05-04
MSC: TYPE: Factual NOT: NEW

18. The sex hormones begin to play an important role in sex differentiation:
a. by about two weeks after conception.
b. by about six weeks after conception.
c. by about eight weeks after conception.
d. by about ten weeks after conception.
ANS: C REF: Gender-Identity Formation OBJ: 05-04
MSC: TYPE: Factual NOT: NEW

19. By age six, when human brains reach full adult size, ____.
a. female brains are approximately 25% larger than male brains
b. male brains are approximately 25% larger than female brains
c. male brains are approximately 15% larger than female brains
d. female brains are approximately 15% larger than male brains
ANS: C REF: Gender-Identity Formation OBJ: 05-04
MSC: TYPE: Factual NOT: NEW

20. ____ produce female secondary sex characteristics and help regulate the menstrual cycle.
a. Estrogens
b. Progestational compounds
c. Androgens
d. Wolffian ducts
ANS: A REF: Gender-Identity Formation OBJ: 05-04
MSC: TYPE: Factual
21. Which of the following statements regarding prenatal sexual differentiation is MOST accurate?
a. Differentiation at this time is not very important.
b. Differentiation occurs for what will be external genitals but not for other parts of the body.
c. DHT (dihydrotestosterone) stimulates the development of the Müllerian ducts.
d. In the absence of male hormones, female external genitals will develop.
ANS: D REF: Gender-Identity Formation OBJ: 05-04
MSC: TYPE: Factual

22. In typical prenatal differentiation, which of the following would NOT be part of the female external
genitals?
a. vagina
b. clitoris
c. inner vaginal lips
d. labia majora
ANS: A REF: Gender-Identity Formation OBJ: 05-04
MSC: TYPE: Factual

23. Which of the following statements regarding estrogens is FALSE?

a. Estrogens influence the development of female physical sex characteristics.
b. A main function of estrogen is to stimulate the development of the uterine lining in
preparation for pregnancy.
c. Small amounts of estrogens are secreted from the adrenal glands.
d. Estrogens are secreted by the ovaries.
ANS: B REF: Gender-Identity Formation OBJ: 05-04
MSC: TYPE: Factual

24. The original mass of sexual tissue begins to differentiate into male or female gonads approximately
____ after conception.
a. one week
b. six weeks
c. twelve weeks
d. sixteen weeks
ANS: B REF: Gender-Identity Formation OBJ: 05-04
MSC: TYPE: Factual

25. The greater thickness of the corpus callosum in women’s brains than in men’s brains allows for more
intercommunication between the two hemispheres, which could account for why:
a. men typically exhibit less impairment of brain function than women do after comparable
neurological damage to one hemisphere.
b. females often score higher than males on tests of verbal skills.
c. female brains are less lateralized for function and male brains have larger asymmetries in
function.
d. male brains are less lateralized for function and female brains have larger asymmetries in
function.
ANS: C REF: Gender-Identity Formation OBJ: 05-03
MSC: TYPE: Application NOT: NEW

26. In the embryo, female sex structures develop from ____, and male sex structures develop from ____.
a. Skene's ducts; the prostate gland
b. the prostate gland; Skene's ducts
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 Fortunately, opportunity has arisen for a reconsideration of this
question in a case arising in the Kankakee swamp lands (State vs.
Tuesbury Land Co., Starke Circuit Court). In the northern end of Indiana,
particularly near the Kankakee River, there was a large amount of swamp
land which was not included in the United States surveys nor sold by the
United States. This was transferred to the State many years ago, and part
of it was reclaimed and sold by the State. In 1891 reclamation was
entered on a large scale by removing the ledge of rock at Momence,
Illinois, which dammed the Kankakee, and caused most of those
swamps. As soon as these lands were drained, adjacent owners set up
claims to the thread of the stream as riparian owners, and a judgment was
obtained in the Starke Circuit Court upholding such claims. If valid this
means that the great expense to which the State has gone in reclaiming
the lands is money thrown away.
As soon as he learned of it, Governor Marshall, who is very practical
in his statesmanship, directed the Attorney-General to take steps to
secure a reversal of the judgment or appeal it, and a new trial has been
secured in the case, which is to be heard shortly. The Kankakee is one of
the most noted of the streams referred to in the Ordinance of 1787 as
“navigable waters,” which are reserved forever as “public highways,”
and there should be no riparian rights in it.
There is certainly good reason to expect a reversal of the Indiana
decision, if not by our Supreme Court, by the Supreme Court of the
United States, for two special reasons: (1) The question of the
navigability of a stream is not primarily a judicial question, but one of
public policy to be determined by the legislative department, and both
Congress and our State Legislature have consistent records for the
navigability of these streams. (2) In this case the navigability is a matter
of solemn compact between the State and the United States; and as the
constitutions of both prohibit any law impairing the obligation of a
contract, it is hardly to be assumed that the courts would undertake to
annul a contract of this character.
Unquestionably White River, like most of the other streams of
Indiana, is not as practically navigable today as it was eighty years ago,
and for two very simple reasons. First, at that time the only timber that
got into the river was trees on the bank that were thrown in by the banks
caving, and these were usually held to the banks by their roots. But after
settlement began every freshet carried quantities of logs, rails and boards
down the river, to form drifts; and these in turn caused the formation of
sand and gravel bars. Second, when the land was cleared and cultivated,
the ground washed much more readily than it did before, and much
greater quantities of sand and gravel were carried into the river to form
bars. These bars constitute the chief obstruction to practical navigation
now.
But by a change in recent conditions of life, these bars furnish the
means for making the river practically navigable. Within the last two
decades there has grown up a special demand for this sand and gravel;
and especially has this demand been increased by the call for good roads;
for washed gravel is one of the best materials available for road-making,
and by these streams, nature has distributed it very widely over the State.
This demand has developed the industry of removing sand and gravel
from the river beds by means of suction pumps, and since 1897, when it
began, this industry has reached proportions that are not generally known
to the public. At Indianapolis there have been six steam pumps working
for several years. They are mounted on scow boats, fifty to sixty-five feet
in length, and twenty to twenty-five feet in width, and by centrifugal
suction power, draw up a mixture of sand, gravel and water through
eight-inch pipes. The pipe entrance is screened to prevent the entrance of
stones over four or five inches in diameter, in order to avoid clogging the
pipe.
These six pumps take out 180,000 cubic yards of sand and gravel in a
year, at a cost of 20 to 25 cents a cubic yard. The material is separated by
passing over screens into two grades of sand and two of gravel, and is
sold at a good profit for street improvement, roofing, asphalt mixture,
concrete, mortar and locomotive sand. Formerly Lake Michigan sand
was shipped here in considerable quantities, but now the demand is fully
met by this local industry. The pumps take out the material for a depth of
about fifteen feet, and in the course of their work they have made about
three miles of Indianapolis river front practically navigable for any kind
of river craft. The boats can easily be run to any point on the river and
used for removing bars at any place. At present the proprietors of the
boats are paying the adjacent landowners for the privilege of taking out
material that rightfully belongs to the State, and of which the public
ought to have the benefit.
The practical situation is this: Indiana has an almost inexhaustible
supply of the best and cheapest road material known, which rightfully
belongs to the State. By using this material it will make actually
navigable hundreds of miles of waterways that are now of no use in
commerce. It is quite common for the unthinking to joke about the
absurdity of making small streams navigable, but there is nothing absurd
about it. Over half a century ago Indiana constructed 453 miles of canal,
at an average cost of $15,000 a mile, which has since been practically
abandoned, not as is generally supposed, because of the competition of
rail roads, but because it was high line canal, and was built up, in part,
instead of being dug out, and without proper precaution for making it
water-tight. The State was not alone in its experience. There are in the
United States over 1,950 miles of abandoned high-line canal, that cost
over $44,000,000. But there are also plenty of low-line canals in
practical and profitable operation.
The mistake that was made in Indiana was in not utilizing the natural
water-courses. At an expense of less than $15,000 per mile, White River
can easily be made navigable for steamboats from Indianapolis to its
mouth, where there is actual steamboat navigation now. The fall in the
river is only 269 feet in the 285 miles, or less than a foot to the mile. The
tested flow of White River at this point is over 1,000 cubic feet per
second. With not to exceed half a dozen dams, and the principal bars
pumped out and put into roads, the thing is accomplished. Not only is
there nothing impracticable about it, but it is as certain to be done, in the
not distant future, as it is that the sun will rise tomorrow morning. The
advantages of water communication with the great coal and building
stone region of the State, as well as direct connection with the Wabash,
Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, is too obvious for discussion. With our
Supreme Court decisions put on a rational and just basis, there is nothing
to prevent a speedy accomplishment of the work.

REPORT FROM THE NATIONAL FERTILIZER ASSOCIATION.

Presented by Mr. J D. T , Secretary of the Educational Bureau
of the National Fertilizer Association, and Mr. C S. R , of
Indianapolis, Official Delegates to the Fourth National Conservation
Congress.
In the last analysis man must have food. The law of supply and
demand becomes operative the minute that a nation is born. Scarcity of
food produces abnormal prices. As scarcity increases, the prices become
almost prohibitive. The attention of every citizen of this country has been
called to the rapid increase in the cost of food products during the last
decade. This increase has been due to several causes, among which we
may note the following: (1) Increase of population has exceeded the
increase in production of foodstuffs; (2) scarcity of new lands to be
developed to meet the needs of a growing population; (3) decrease in
productivity of some of the formerly productive soils of this country.
Other causes have undoubtedly contributed to this situation, but the
one pertinent to the present discussion is that of decreasing soil fertility
as it is related to the production of crops. The production of crops
depends (1) upon the fertility of the soil; (2) climatic conditions; (3)
quality of seed used; and (4) the culture and care given to the crop. Three
of these governing factors are under the control of the farmer. Therefore,
inasmuch as they are under his control, so also is the supply of food
under his control to an equal degree.
According to the latest available statistics, out of 1,755,132,800 acres
in the United States, there are 383,891,682 acres of improved land. A
considerable amount of this land is being used for the production of
crops of various kinds. These crops in 1911 totaled the enormous
production of $5,504,000,000.
The plant food consisting of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash
which these crops take from the soil is not all returned to the land, and,
as a result, we have a yearly drain upon the fertility account of our soils.
The loss of all three essential elements of plant food is being partly
met by the wise Conservation and use of barn manure.
The loss of nitrogen in this depletion is also being partly met by the
growing of legumes which have the power of taking nitrogen from the
air and fixing it in the soil where it is available as plant food.
If any one of these elements is lacking, crop production suffers a
decrease in quantity and a deterioration in quality, to wit: If phosphoric
acid is the lacking element in soil, the production of ear corn may be
large in quantity but the ears are soft and immature, consequently are
inferior for stock food or for human food. In the same way a scarcity of
phosphoric acid decreases the yield of wheat and causes an inferiority in
its quality.
The lack of nitrogen and potash has equally disastrous effects on the
production of the crop. It is, therefore, not only a supply of plant food
that is necessary, but the balancing of it in order that our soil may
produce a maximum crop of best quality. The fertilizer industry is an
industry engaged entirely in the supply of these plant food elements. It is,
therefore, a direct contributor to the maintenance of the human race, in
that it deals in the elements of plant food.
Not only since its inception in 1840 has this industry contributed to the
supply of plant food, which in the end means human food, but it has
noted the wasteful methods of agriculture being practiced, unconsciously
frequent, in many parts of this country, and it has put forth continuous
efforts along the lines of educating the American farmer to grow larger
yields of better crops, to maintain and increase the fertility of the soil,
and increase the average yield per acre.
The fertilizer industry has, through its national association, within the
past two years established several movements, the great purpose of
which is to assist in the dissemination of knowledge of modern methods
of agriculture.
Another line of effort wherein the fertilizer industry has been a direct
contributor to the conservation of vital resources is in its great
manufacturing plants. To produce the phosphoric acid which is supplied
in fertilizers, the industry obtains the barren phosphatic rock from
Tennessee, Carolinas, Florida, etc., grinds this material and treats it
chemically so as to make the phosphoric acid available. By this means, it
supplies to the great crop producing States of this country the element of
plant food, which, to a large extent, determines the maturity and quality
of crop production.
The industry also takes the waste material of the packing houses, such
as bone, offal, blood, etc., dries and grinds it and produces an ingredient
of fertilizers which was formerly thrown away. This packing house
material supplies nitrogen and phosphoric acid.
Furthermore, the garbage of the cities and towns of this country is
collected and reduced to the form of fertilizer ingredient, where it
formerly was burned or otherwise destroyed.
Not only is all this done, but the former waste products of the cotton
and tobacco industry are similarly reduced to a form of plant food to be
mixed with other materials and returned to the soil.
Still further, besides gathering up the waste and otherwise barren
products of the country, the industry has developed processes whereby
the gases from gas and coke manufacture are collected and reduced to
sulphate of ammonia in which form it constitutes one of the nitrogenous
ingredients in fertilizers. This ammonia sulphate is used as an ingredient
in fertilizers supplying nitrogen.
Of late years the industry has gone even further than this, in that a
process has been discovered whereby the nitrogen of the air is harnessed,
and the product reduced to such forms that it supplies available nitrogen
for plant food.
In assembling and preparing these essential elements of plant food, the
industry, as we have pointed out, not only prepares material to return to
the soil to supply the elements which have been taken out of it, but it
actually provides in deficient soils elements in which they may be
deficient, and by so doing makes more productive lands which, on
account of their balanced plant food, could not produce paying results
before being treated.
The State of Georgia in 1911 spent over twenty million dollars for
fertilizers, with the result that they raised more and better cotton than
was ever raised in this State before. The State of Maine in the same year
used 150,000 tons of fertilizers on their potato fields, with the result that
their good potato growers produced from two to four hundred bushels of
potatoes per acre. The total State productions exceed 25,000,000 bushels.
The fertilizer industry, we believe, occupies a most prominent part in
the problem of producing sustenance for future generations and in
conserving the vital resources of the world, inasmuch as it is making a
close study of and doing a wonderful work in devising means whereby
practically all of the former waste materials of this country may be
reduced to available plant food and returned to the soil from which they
were taken.
Summarizing, the fertilizer industry, as we have pointed out, is an
important factor in the maintenance of the human race, of this and other
continents, in that (1) it supplies plant food to balance up the plant food
in the soil and to make up the deficiencies which have occurred as a
result of continuous cropping; (2) assists in educating the farmers to
conserve the fertility of their soils by employing scientific methods of
farming; (3) it makes use of waste products of other industries which
have formerly been destroyed, and returns them to the soil in the form of
food for future crops.
The fertilizer industry, therefore, must be recognized as one of the
greatest agencies of conservation of vital resources.
 DR. W J McGEE: AN APPRECIATION OF HIS SERVICES FOR
CONSERVATION.
M . W. C. M , Washington, D. C.
Dr. W J McGee had mastered and advocated the fundamental
principles of Conservation long before the majority of those now most
active in the movement had come to appreciate the real meaning of the
word. He was one of the founders of this movement, was at all times one
of the most stimulating thinkers in its councils, and in him Mr. Pinchot
found one of his most loyal supporters and friends. Doctor McGee was
the personification of strength and steadfastness in the pioneer period of
Conservation, when the meaning of the word was unknown to the
multitude, and when the mere suggestion that our natural resources are
not inexhaustible but may be depleted to the vanishing point by wasteful
use was regarded as a wild heresy. During the preceding sessions of this
Congress he was its accepted authority on problems involving that most
widespread and universally distributed of our natural resources—water.
He has dealt with this resource from the points of view of transportation,
of irrigation, and of power, and from the standpoint of biology in which
it is recognized as fundamental in all life.
Doctor McGee’s mind was of the type of the intellectual pioneer,
intensely individual and original. He was masterful in the alignment of
facts and stimulating in the recognition and boldness of his expression of
the generalizations and far-reaching conclusions to which his marshalled
facts pointed. Like most men of brilliant imagination, he was at times
impatient of the slow processes of research, or let us say rather that his
impatience was with that timidity in reaching conclusions so often
displayed by those engaged in research, rather than with the process
itself. He believed that the scientist’s practical rule of life should be the
acceptance, as a basis of action, of the conclusions indicated by such
facts as are known, even though those conclusions may not at present be
definitely established.
Doctor McGee’s death at the Cosmos Club on September 4, 1912,
removed from the domain of science and from the forum of public
discussion one of its leading personalities. His career embraced an
unusually wide range of activities and in each of these he attained
distinction. As a geologist he was one of the group assembled by Major
Powell during the formative period of the United States Geological
Survey, a group which made American geology classic and its leaders
world-leaders in their science. In this field McGee’s name is associated
with the names of Powell, Dutton, Gilbert, Holmes, Emmons, and
Hague. Later, with the establishment of the Bureau of Ethnology, into
which he followed Major Powell, he became a pioneer in ethnological
research, although retaining continually his interest in geologic and
geographic problems. At the time of his death and for a few years prior
thereto he was the erosion and hydrologic expert of the Department of
Agriculture, his immediate connection with that department being
through the Bureau of Soils. His last years are distinguished by a number
of papers on the subject of Conservation, in which he was so vitally
interested; these articles are broad in their scope, thoroughly original and
stimulating in their expression, and point out fearlessly some dangers of
present practice and suggest methods of remedy. But a few days before
his death he completed the correction of the galley proofs of the last of
his papers, faithful to his work and to his duty even while descending
into the Valley of the Shadow.
This very brief sketch would not be complete without expressed
recognition of the fact that Doctor McGee’s attitude in the face of death
was in accordance with the best traditions of the science to which his life
had been devoted and was as admirable and as deeply stirring and
stimulating as any act of his career. For a year or more he had recognized
the fact that he was afflicted with cancer and that his days were
numbered. He faced this fact calmly and prepared patiently for the
inevitable by carefully completing all work on hand and by disposing by
will of his body and his brain to his friend and fellow scientist, Dr.
Spitska, to be used in the way most likely to be beneficial to humanity.
So long as his faculties remained undimmed, he maintained the same
keen interest in scientific questions and current affairs that had marked
his career at its height. Those of his friends who visited him during the
last few weeks of his life heard not a single complaint nor an expression
of regret, but found themselves chatting easily with an old and honored
friend who gave no indication of the fact that he knew definitely that his
career was soon to be stayed by the hand of Death. Thus, rising superior
to the weakened, pain-racked body, he met with philosophic calm and
sublime courage the final inevitable test. It is not given to man to do
more than this.
REPORTS OF STANDING COMMITTEES.
All the standing committees were represented at the Fourth National
Conservation Congress and made reports. Members of these committees
also addressed the Congress.
Forests: See paper by Prof. Henry S. Graves, Chairman, page 318;
also addresses of Mr. E. T. Allen and Major E. G. Griggs, pages 312 and
183, respectively.
Lands: Prof. L. H. Bailey, being unavoidably prevented from attending
the Congress, the report of the Lands Committee was presented by Dr.
George E. Condra, page 123. See also address of Mr. Charles S. Barrett,
page 132.
Waters: Owing to the death of Dr. W J McGee, Chairman, the report
of this committee was submitted by Dr. W. C. Mendenhall. See page 335.
Minerals: See address of Dr. Joseph A. Holmes, Chairman, page 200.
Vital Resources: See address of Mr. A. B. Farquhar, page 214.
Food: See address of Dr. Harvey W. Wiley, Chairman, page 75. Also
see paper by Mr. F. G. Urner, page 327.
Homes: See address of Mrs. Matthew T. Scott, President-General,
Daughters of the American Revolution, page 250. Also report by Mrs.
Orville T. Bright, of Chicago, Vice-President of the National Congress of
Mothers, page 196.
Child Life: See address and report of the Hon. Ben B. Lindsey,
Chairman, page 170.
Education: See report of Dr. C. E. Bessey, Chairman, page 66; see also
address of Prof. E. T. Fairchild, page 134.
Civics: See address of Mr. Ralph M. Easley, Chairman, page 272.
National Parks: The report of this committee was submitted in writing,
signed by Dr. W J McGee, Chairman, and Col. Malcolm H. Crump. See
page 182.
General (including Wild Life): Dr. W. T. Hornaday, Chairman,
presented the report of this committee. See page 344. Dr. T. Gilbert
Pearson gave an address on “Bird Slaughter and the Cost of Living.” See
page 72.
 INDEX.

Accidents, Due to trespassing on railroads, 212

Elevator, Statistics of, 229
Industrial, 212
Prevention of elevator, Address by R. P. B , 223–230
Prevention of railroad, Address by T. H. J , 205
Railroad statistics on, 205
Railway, Preventable, 220
prevention section, 335
prevention section, Resolution adopted, 335
A , Miss J , Reference to, 174
Adjournment of Congress, 311
A , E. T., Chairman Forestry Section, 312
Member Nominating Committee, 196
Member Committee on Credentials, 111
Address by, 61–66
American Farmer, 133
American Federation of Labor, Reference to, 174
A , Hon. R. M., Remarks by, 310
A , Dr. B J., Address by, 281–286

B , Prof. L. H., Chairman Committee on Lands and Agriculture,

10
B , H. A., Member Nominating Committee, 196
B , H. E., Resolution by, 327
B ,C S., Address by, 132–134
B , J. P., Remarks by, 286
B , Dr. C. E., Chairman Committee on Education, 10
Report by, 66–71
Bird life, Conservation of, 280
Birds, Federal protection of migratory, Address by Dr. W. T.
H , 72, 73
Protection of, 19
Slaughter and the cost of living, Address by Dr. T. G
P , 72
Birth and death certificates, Reference to, 215
registration, 18, 235
registration in Indiana, 247
registration in Europe, 245
B , Mrs. E , Paper by, 352
B , Surgeon-General, Reference to, 111
Board of Managers, 9
B ,R P , Address by, 223–230
B ,L D., Reference to, 154
B , Mrs. O T., Address by, 196–200
Bureau of Mines, Reference to, 108
of Public Health, Reference to, 221

Child, The, 171

Duty of Nation to, 180
labor, 19
laws, Reference to, 112
life, Committee on, 10
Problem of the, 172
welfare exhibit, 179
International congress on, Reference to, 200
Childhood, Rights of, 181
Children, Attendance of, in schools of U. S., 270
Duty of State toward, 176
Legislation for protection of dependent, 175
Protection of dependent, 175
Safeguarding the morals of, 179
Welfare of, 172
Children’s Bureau, Address by Miss J C L , 242–
249
 Importance of, 242
Object of, 242
Reference to, 108
Reference to, 174
Work of, 248
Civics, Committee on, 10
Civil service, 278
Climate as an asset, 303
Coal, Amount mined, 203
State production of, 48, 49
Waste of, 203
C , Dr. L. E., Address by, 111–112
Cold storage, 329
Attacks on, 326
economics, 330
Food conservation by, Address by F. G. U , 327–334
Function of, 331
Committee of one hundred, Reference to, 107
on Resolutions, Chairman of, 111
Compensation act in Washington State, 188
C , Dr. G E., Address by, 48
Member of Nominating Committee, 196
Report of, 123–130
Conservation of bird life, 260
of business, 60
of business, Reference to, 123
Commission, Reference to, by President W , 39
Reference to, 108
Commissions, 56
of the child, 178
Congress, Development of, 161, 162
Field of, Reference by President W , 38
Homes department of, 199
Objects of, 183
Origin of, 161
department, General Federation of Women’s Clubs, Work of, 258
 of food, Address by F. G. U , 327–334
in relation to the home, 252
of the human race, Address by Dr. J N. H , 148–154
of land and the man, Address by Mrs. H H. L , 131–132
of life, 256
of man, Address by Dr. H. W. W , 75–91
of man on the land, Address by C S. B , 132
and mining, 202
of navigable streams, Address on, 357–362
organization, 55
in States, 55, 56
Progress in, 60
redefined, Address of E. T. A , 61–66
Results of lack of, 259
and secondary industries, 147
of the soil, Paper by Hon. J J. H , 349–352
of waters, Report by W. C. M , Chairman Committee on
Waters, 335–344
work in General Federation of Women’s Clubs, 259
Constitution, 13
Amendment to, 286
Changes in, 286, 287
Consumers’ League, Reference to, 253, 254
Corporations, Overcapitalization of, 231
Cost of living, 162
Country life, 22

Credentials, Committee on, 111

C , Mrs. M A., Address by, 258–262
Member Nominating Committee, 196
C , M. H., Report by, 182, 183

Daughters of the American Revolution, Reference to, 249

Reference to, 253
Death, Loss through, 109
Means of avoiding, 81
registration, 18
 Unnecessary, 109
D , Miss A , Motion by, 181
Department of Labor, Reference to, 108
Diseases of children, 244
Communicable, 84
Heredity of, 86
Immunity from, 84
Most active, 79, 80, 81
Occupational, 143
Prevention of introduction of contagious and infectious, 114
Prevention of the spread of, 117
of unknown genesis, 83
D ,C A., Letter from, 147
D , Dr. O , Address by, 139–144
D , Dr. H S , Address by, 347–349
Drugs, Supervision of, 87
D ,J P., Address by, 357–362

E ,R M., Address by, 272–281

Chairman Committee on Civics, 10
Education, Committee on, 10
of immigrants, 198
A plea for more equal educational opportunities, Address by
Professor E. T. F , 134–139
In relation to Conservation, 59
Report of standing committees on, 66–71
Value of, 167, 168
Work in the community, 67
Work through legislation, 70
Work in the schools, 68
Efficiency, Human, Address by H E , 154–160
Elevator accidents, Legislation governing, 226
E ,D C , Presentation of Knoxville invitation by, 307–310
Resolution by, 310
E ,H , Address by, 154–160
Employer, The duty of, Address by Dr. E. A. R , 144–147
Employment department, 154
Responsibility of, 237
E , Dr. W A., Speaker, 61
Executive Committee, 9
Adoption of report by, 288
Report by, 286
Exhibit, 22

Factory legislation, 274

F , Hon. C W , Address of welcome by, 24
F , Professor E. T., Address by, 134–139
Farmers’ Union, President of, C S. B , 132
Farming, Scientific, 297
F , A. B., Address by, 214–223
Motion by, 288
F , Dr. L , Address by, 264–271
Federal Forest Service, Reference to, by E. T. A , 63
Fish, Protection of, 19
F , Professor I , Address by, 103–111
Flood Damage, 291
Investigation of Pittsburgh Flood Commission, Address by G
M. L , 289–296
prevention, 294
protection, 293
Food, Committee on, 10
preservation, Methods of, 328
production, Development of, 328
preservation, Requirement of, 328
products, Relative values of, 143
Section on, 326
Foods, Quality of cold storage, 332
Forest fires, 21
State appropriations for prevention of, 21
resources, Situation in States, 52, 53, 54
service, Commendation of, 20
Appropriations for, 20
Forestry, Attack upon, 321
Committee on, 10
Committee on Co-operation, 314
Committee on Permanent Organization, 314
Committee on Resolutions, 31
Education in, 313
policy, 323
Present situation in, Address by Prof. H. S. G , 318–325
Progress in State, 320
Reasons for government ownership, 324, 325
Report of Committee on Permanent Organization, 315, 316
Report of Committee on Resolutions, 315
section, 312
Organization of, 312
Register, 317
Forests, 20
and floods, 304
Address by E. T. A , 61–66
Protection by the States, 21
F ,V T., Member Committee on Credentials, 111

Game, Protection of, 19

General (including domesticated animals and wild life), Committee
on, 10
Federation of Women’s Clubs, Reference to, 240, 241
G , J. C., Nomination of, for Recording Secretary, 288
Recording Secretary, 9
Recording Secretary, 1913, 11
G ,H S., Address by, 318–325
Chairman Committee on Forestry, 1913, 11
Chairman Committee on Forests, 10
Discussion of paper by, 316
Greetings to Congress, 182
G , Major E. G., Address by, 183–195
Member Nominating Committee, 196
G , H. H., Address by, 297–302

Habit-forming Drugs, 110

H , Governor of Missouri, Reference to, 231
Hon. H S., Governor of Missouri, Reference to, 296
H ,J B., Adoption of Resolution by, 306
Health, Public Health, Reference to, 111
Powers of National Government Relating to, 112
Control, Authority in, Address by Dr. L. E. C , 111–112
Education in, 82
Federal Public Health Service, Activities of, 114
of Industrial Workers, 18
National Board of, Reference to, 113
of the People, 18
Public and Hygiene, Address by Dr. O D , 139–144
Work, Municipal, Reference to, 98, 99, 100
National, Reference to, 97
State, Reference to, 98
Heredity, 152
Hereditary Defects, 18
H , Rev. H. G., Invocation, 91
Hon. James J., Paper by, 349–352
H , Dr. J A., Address by, 200–205
Chairman, Committee on Minerals, 10
Reference to, 38
Home, The, address by Mrs. M T. S , 250–254
Conservation of the, 197
Making, 251
The Country, 199
Training in the, 250
Homes, Committee on, 10
H ,C G., reference to, 300
H , Dr. W. T., address by, 72
Chairman, General Committee (including Domesticated Animals
and Wild Life), 10
Report of, as Chairman, Committee on Wild Life Protection, 344–
347
Hospitals, Establishment of Public, 269
Human Efficiency, Address by Dr. H W , 161–170
Reference to, 94
by President W , 33
Life, Conservation of, 201
address by A. B. F , 214–223
Discussion of, by Dr. W A. E , 61
as a National Asset, Address by E. E. R , 92–102
H , Dr. J N., Address by, 148–154
Reference to, 246
Hygiene, Divisions of, 153
Essentially Preventive, 144
Need of Education in, 198
in Relation to Public Health, Address by Dr. O D , 139–
144
in Its Relation to Health, 140
School, 150

Illness, 149
Immigrants, Proper Distribution of, 198
Indiana, Conservation Work in, 29
Health Work in, 29, 30
State Forestry Association, 29
State Board of Forestry, 29
Indianapolis, Welcome on Behalf of, 31
Industry, American, 236
Industrial Insurance, Reports of Washington Conservation
Commission, 193, 194, 195
Infant Life, Protection of, 196
 Mortality, Prevention of, 244
Initiative, Referendum and Direct Primary, 278
Insect Ravages, 19
Insurance, Working Man’s, 143
International Sunday School Association, Reference to, 178
Invitation to Congress from San Francisco, 286
from Knoxville, 182
Invitations from Cities Desiring Congress, 306
Iron Ore, State Production of, 50, 51
Irrigation, 51
“Is the Child Worth Conserving?” Address by Judge B B. L ,
170–181

J ,T H., Address by, 205–214

J , Col. W. A. F , 111

K ,F , Remarks by, 231

K , Mrs. E E., Member, Nominating Committee, 196
K ,J P., Reference to, 186
Knoxville, Invitation from, 307–310

Labor, Values from, 146

Wage Scale and Hours, 305
Land, Drainage Schemes, 125
Dry Land Deals, 126
Effects of Land Frauds, 129
Eucalyptus Promotion, 125
Frauds, or Get-Rich-Quick Schemes, Address by Dr. G E.
C , 123–130
Fruit Land Promotion, 124
Irrigation Schemes, 124
Mineral Land Promotion, 124
Misrepresentation and Overvaluation of, 127
Oil and Gas Promotion, 124
 Promoters’ Methods, 128
Schemes, 126
and Soil, Distribution of, 52
Lands, 19
and Agriculture, Committee on, 10
Report of Committee on, 123–130
Classification of, 20
Leasing of, 20
Withdrawal of Public, 20
L , D. A., Nomination of, for Treasurer, 288
Treasurer, 1912, 9
1913, 11
L , Miss J C , Address by, 242–249
Laws, Sumptuary, 89
L ,G M., Address by, 289–296
L ,R , Address of Welcome by, 31
Chairman, Board of Managers, 1912, 9
Life, Average Human, 103
Duration of, in Sweden, 104
Lever Bill, Reference to, 300
Life Insurance Companies, Reference to, 101, 108
Life, Length of, 148
Loss of, in Mines, 204
Prolongation of, 90
Table of Expectation of, 77
waste, 94, 95, 96
L , Judge B B., 170–181
Chairman, Committee on Child Life, 10
Living, Science of, 151
Logging, Hazards of, 190
L , A. M., New York, Remarks by, 311
Lumber Manufacturers, Reference to, 185
“Lumberman’s Viewpoint, The,” Address by Major E. G. G ,
183–195
Lumbermen, Reference to, by E. T. A , 65
Support of Forestry by, 21
L , Mrs. H H., Address by, 130–132

M G , Dr. W J, 22
An Appreciation of, by W. C. M , 365–367
Chairman, Committee on National Parks, 10
Resolution on, 22
Mammoth Cave, Establishment of, as a National Park, 182, 183
M , Col. J I., Sergeant-at-Arms, 23
Motion by, 91
Remarks by, 262, 263
Medicine, Patent, 150
Proprietary, 88

Men and Religion Forward Movement, Reference to, 178, 276

M , W. C., Report as Chairman, Committee on Waters,
335–344
M ,W , Address of Welcome by, 33
Mine Legislation, 205
Minerals, 21
Committee on, 10
Long-time Leases of, 21
Waste of, 22
Mining, 22
Conditions, Improvement of, 204
as a Great Foundation of Industry, 201
Industry, 201, 202
Development of, 202
Loss of Life In, 22
M , Dr. M. W., Chairman Accident Prevention Section, 335
M , Mrs. P N., Nomination of, for Vice-President, 288
Remarks by, 241
 Vice-President, 1913, 11
Professor W N., Address by, 302–305
Mortality Statistics, 78
Mothers’ Compensation Law, 176
Pensions, 174
Municipal Government, 279

National Association of Conservation Commissioners, Election of

Officers, 335
Meeting of, 334, 335
of Manufacturers, Reference to, 146
Child Labor Committee, Reference to, 274
Civic Federation, Work of, 277
Congress of Mothers, Reference to, 196
Consumers’ League, Reference to, 172, 173
Conservation Association, Reference to, 56
Congress, Amendment to Constitution, 286, 287
Membership in, 287
Reference to, 56
Vice-President of, 286
Magazine, Suggestion of a, 302
Department of Health, Reference to, 108
Fertilizer Association, Report from, 363–365
League for Medical Freedom, Reference to, 222
Lumber Manufacturers’ Association, Reference to, 185, 187
Parks (including Mammoth Cave, Ky., and Adjacent Lands),
Committee on, 10
National Soil Fertility League, 299
Natural Gas, State Production of, 49, 50
Waste of, 22
Resources, Proper Utilization of, 184
Navigable Streams, Conservation of, 357–362
Nominating Committee, Adoption of Report of, 288
Appointment of, 195
Report by, 288

Officers, Appreciation of the Work of, 23

and Committees, 1912, 9
1913, 11

P ,C L , Nomination of, for President, 288

Presentation of, as President, 288
President, 1913, 11
Remarks by, 289
P ,W H., Chairman, Committee on Resolutions, 111
Report as Chairman of Committee on Resolutions, 306
Panama Canal, Reference to, 28, 106
Parent-Teacher Associations, Reference to, 199
P , Dr. T. G , Illustrated Address by, 71
Petroleum, State Production of, 49, 50
P , Rev. Dr. A B., Invocation by, 74
P ,G , Message from, 74
Reference to, by Dr. W , 75
Political Platforms, 110
Population, Increase in, 300
Public Health Movement, Address by Prof. I F , 103–111
Service, Organization of, 119, 120
Service, Activities of, 121, 122
State Laws Concerning, 284
Utility Corporations, in Their Relation to the Public, 277
Pure Food and Drugs, 279
Pittsburgh Flood Commission, Outline of Work, 290

Race Suicide, 96, 177

Railroad Accidents, Cause and Prevention of, 208
Statistics on, 211
 Study of, 207
Railway Accidents, 206, 207
Classes of, 207
R ,C S., Report by, 363–365
Reception by Officers and Board of Managers, 73
Reforestation, 21
Refrigeration of Food Stuffs, 19
Reports of Washington Compensation Commission, 188
Rescue of the Fit, Address by H E , 154–160
Research, Scientific, 118
Resolution by R. P. B , 231
by F K , 231
Resolutions, 18
Resources, Human, 140
R , E. E., Address by, 92, 102
R , Dr. E A., Address by, 144–147
Rural Schools, 22
Pupils in, 137

Sanitation in Pennsylvania, 216

Enforcement of, 119
of Foreign Commerce, 115
Sanitary Treaties, 116
Information, Collection of, 117
“Saving Miners’ Lives,” Address by Dr. J A. H , 200–205
S , Mrs. M T., Address by, 250–254
Chairman, Committee on Homes, 10
President-General, D. A. R., Introduction of, 249
Schools, Country, Needs of, 299
Growth in, 135
Rural, Reference to, 136
School Supervision, 138
Taxes, 137
Sewage Disposal, 19
Experiments in, 284
Disposition of, Address by Dr. B J. A , 281–286
S ,T R., Executive Secretary, 1912, 9
1913, 11
Nomination and Election of, for Executive Secretary, 288
Social Evil, The, 277
Industry and Civic Progress, Address by R M. E , 272–
281
Soil Fertility, 162
in Europe, 297, 298
as National Asset, 297
Soil, The Story of the, Address by H. H. G , 297–302
States, What They Are Doing, Dr. G E. C , 48
Standing Committees, 1912, 10
Report of, 367–368
S , Hon. H L., Secretary of War, Address by, 41
Stimulants, Dangers of, 89
S , Rev. Dr. A. B., Invocation by, 47
“Story of the Air,” Address by Prof. W N. M , 302–305
Supplementary Proceedings, 312
Surveys, Climate, 58
Ground Water, 58
Social and Industrial Conditions, 58
Native Life, 58
Soils, 58
Structural, 58
Surface Water and Drainage, 58
Topographical, 57
Value of, 57, 58, 59

T , President, Message from, 41

 Personal Representative of, 41
T , J. N., Chairman, Committee on Waters, 10
Tenement House Reform, 274
Timber Crop, 185
T ,J D., Report by, 363–365
Training of Americans, 255
Tuberculosis Campaign, Outline of, 267
Deaths from, 264
Problem of, Address by Dr. L F , 264–271
Registration, 265
of the Social Conditions, 266
Survey, 268
Typhoid Fever, 220

United States Steel Corporation, Reference to, 203

U , F. G., Address by, 327–334

Vice Commissions, 179

Vice-Presidents, 9
Vital Energy, 234
Resources, 10
Committee on, 10
of the Nation, Address by Dr. H S. D , 347–349
State Activities in, 54, 55
Statistics, Address by A. B. Farquhar, 214–223
Vitality, Saving, 151
Vote of Thanks to Judge L , 181

Wage-Earners, improvement of Conditions for, 273

Wage Question, 159
Wages, Improvement of, 273
W , Mrs. J R., Address by, 255–258
W , Dr. H , Address by, 161–170
 Chairman Pro Tem, 122
Member, Nominating Committee, 196
War, Policy of Waste; Peace Policy of Conservation, Address by Mrs.
E B , 352–356
Water Power, 22
Address of Hon. H L. S , 41–46
Coosa River Bill, 45
Combination to Control, 184
James River Bill, 44
National Policy, 43
A Prominent Resource, 43
Public Control of, 22
Waters, Committee on, 10
W , Dr. W H., Chairman, Committee on Vital Statistics, 10
Weeks Law, Reference to, 319
Western Forestry and Conservation Association, Reference to, 65
W , N. P., Member, Nominating Committee, 196
W , Hon. J. B., Address as President, 48
W , President, Remarks in Presenting Hon. W W ,
232
Remarks Presenting C L P , 288
Remarks of, 33, 37, 40, 47, 75, 92, 102, 139, 160, 170, 181, 183,
195, 200, 231, 240, 264, 298
1912, 9
Announcements by, 111, 134, 182
Remarks by, 311
Statement by, 302
W , Rev. Dr. F. S. C., Invocation by, 24
Wild Life Protection, State Activities in, 346
Report of Standing Committee of, 344
W , Dr. H W., Address by, 75–91
Chairman, Committee on Food, 10
Chairman, Section on Food, 326
Mention of, 28
W ,W , Introduction of, by President W , 232
Address by, 232–240
Woodworking Industries, Risks in, 189, 190
Women’s Meeting, 240
Workman’s Compensation Act, 187
Acts, States Which Have, 188
W , E. L , Remarks by, 287
Chairman, Executive Committee, 1912, 9
1913, 11
 Tr a n s c r i b e r ’s n o t e

Consolidated the different spelling of cooperation and coöperation with the most
used co-operation throughout book
Added missing punctuation where needed
pg 4 Changed Relation to Pulbic to: Public
pg 5 Changed Scott 250-258 to: 250-254
pg 5 Added letter h to Pittsburg in: Pittsburg, Mr. George M. Lehman
pg 10 Changed W J McGee. to: McGee,
pg 11 Changed Okland to: Oakland, Cal.
pg 14 Changed from the State Conservations to: Conservation
pg 16 Added period to: of less than 25,000.
pg 27 Changed take Russion with her to: Russia
pg 28 Changed spelling of: and familiarizing themeslves to: themselves
pg 29 Changed comma to period at: drainage and the like.
pg 31 Changed spelling of: $600,000 to $300,000 annully to: annually
pg 37 Changed something for beyond to: something far beyond
pg 43 Changed which will create waterpower to: water power
pg 45 Changed case of First, Is the river to: is
pg 54 Changed one of reforstation to: reforestation
pg 58 Changed spelling of older communities undistrubed to: undisturbed
pg 74 Changed This we as through to: ask
pg 80 Changed principles of serum phophylaxis to: prophylaxis
pg 85 Changed spelling nature of the phagocytosthe to: phagocytose
pg 88 Changed spelling in any localtiy to: locality
pg 89 Changed spelling the use of stimulii to stimuli (3 places)
pg 98 Changed spelling other official public healh to: health
pg 100 Changed spelling height of absudity to: absurdity
pg 108 Changed spelling already passed the prosphorus to: phosphorus
pg 111 Changed spelling simply to breath to: breathe
pg 124 Changed spelling speculation and over valuation to: overvaluation (other
matches in book)
pg 135 Matched spelling of little short of marvellous to: spelled marvelous in other
places
pg 135 Changed world-wide movement, by friends to: my friends
pg 135 Changed that not may purpose to: my purpose
pg 137 Changed they have not he to: the
pg 138 Added comma to million boys and girls,
pg 141 Changed low standards or decency to: of decency
pg 144 Changed spelling ethical and spirtual to: spiritual
pg 150 Removed unnecessary quote after: to have adequate recreation.
pg 150 Changed spelling A Japanese physican to: physician
pg 152 Changed two instances of clamy hands, clamy feet to: clammy
pg 152 Changed insomnia, fugative pains to: fugitive pains
pg 154 Changed spelling temperance and sanitied to: sanitized
pg 155 Changed alloy steel because it work to: works
pg 166 Changed mathematics to compete to: compute
pg 166 Changed which tends to drawf to: dwarf
pg 172 Changed waterfalls and vendure to: verdure
pg 176 Changed spelling refuse to perfrom to: perform
pg 179 Changed where these things out to: ought
pg 206 Chart total for Scalded or Burned does not add up 197, should be 297
pg 210 Changed human factor with its attendent to: attendant
pg 214 Changed President White—Whe to: We
pg 217 Changed Similiar to the work to: Similar
pg 235 Changed single quote to double after: partners in the creation?
pg 236 Changed not write an immoral to: immortal
pg 247 Changed deux ex machina to: deus
pg 255 Changed abundance make it posible to: possible
pg 258 Changed I feel that this Congres to: Congress
pg 264 Changed each year and very probaly to: probably
pg 269 Changed in procuring the necesary to: necessary
pg 279 Changed released the rich, wheras to: whereas
pg 280 Changed mind that this resume to: resumé
pg 290 Changed Pittsburg having been to: Pittsburgh
pg 290 Changed In conection with complete to: In connection
pg 293 Changed also for deeping to: deepening
pg 294 Changed now successfully empolyed to: employed
pg 295 Changed derived by preventitive to: preventative
pg 303 Changed in the lower straum to: stratum
pg 304 Removed comma after if we go on and plant
pg 307 Removed period after Office of Public Roads
pg 308 Changed time when these Stats to: States
pg 309 Removed comma after Mr. Chairman, Knoxville
pg 313 Changed effort to secure reforstation. to: reforestation.
pg 316 Added period after: given the necessary publicity
pg 325 Changed In the hands of sopilsmen to: spoilsmen
pg 326 Changed and large quanities to: quantities
pg 333 Changed no criteron of their quality. to no criterion
pg 338 Added period to: governmental activity in this direction
pg 346 Changed North Carolina, Tennsesee to: Tennessee
pg 346 Changed extinct as the mastadon to: mastodon
pg 353 Changed International Court of Aribtration to: Arbitration
pg 358 Added double quote to: always applied it to “White River
pg 363 Changed be large in quanaity to: quantity
pg 364 Changed Not only since its inseption to: inception
pg 365 Removed the word for from: soil in the form for of food
pg 367 Changed he knew definitely that has to: his
pg 369 Added period to: Baumgartner, J.
pg 369 Changed capitalization of In relation to the home, 252 to: in relation
pg 370 Changed Investigation of Pittsburgh Flood Commisson to: Commission