Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Typhoid
Typhoid
Note
1. Low titre of IgM antibodies to S.typhi may persist for about 4
months post infection in endemic areas
2. All results to be clinically correlated
Comment
Accurate diagnosis of Typhoid fever at an early stage is not only
important for etiological diagnosis, but also to
identify and treat potential carriers and prevent acute typhoid fever
outbreaks. The conventional Widal test
detects antibodies to S.typhi in patient serum from the second week of
onset of symptoms whereas early rising
antibodies predominantly IgM in nature detected by this assay serve as a
marker for recent infection.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------
|RESULT IN INDEX | REMARKS
|
|----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------
--------------|
| Negative |No detectable Dengue NS1 antigen.The Result does not
rule out Dengue infection.|
| (<0.90) |An additional sample should be tested for IgG & IgM
serology in 7-14 days. |
|----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------
--------------|
| Equivocal |Repeat sample after 1 week
|
| (0.90 - 1.10) |
|
|----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------
--------------|
| Positive |Presence of detectable dengue NS1 antigen. Dengue IgG &
IgM serology assay |
| (>1.10) |should be performed on follow up samples after 5-7 days
of onset of fever,to |
| |confirm dengue infection.
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------
*152286760*
Page 1 of 8
.
Comments
Dengue viruses belong to the family Flaviviridae and have 4 subtypes (1-
4). Dengue virus is transmitted by
the mosquito Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, widely distributed in
Tropical and Subtropical areas of the
world. Dengue is considered to be the most important arthropod borne viral
disease due to the human
morbidity and mortality it causes. The disease may be subclinical, self
limiting, febrile or may progress to a
severe form of Dengue hemorrhagic fever or Dengue shock syndrome
Comments
CRP is an acute phase reactant which is used in inflammatory disorders for
monitoring course and effect of
therapy. It is most useful as an indicator of activity in Rheumatoid
arthritis, Rheumatic fever, tissue injury or
necrosis and infections. As compared to ESR, CRP shows an earlier rise in
inflammatory disorders which
begins in 4-6 hrs, the intensity of the rise being higher than ESR and the
recovery being earlier than ESR.
Unlike ESR, CRP levels are not influenced by hematologic conditions like
Anemia, Polycythemia etc.
CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS ANTIBODY, IgM Negative
(ICT)
PatientReportSCSuperPanel.SP_GENERAL_TEMPLATE01_SC (Version: 7)
*152286760*
Page 2 of 8
.
Note: 1. Titres 1:80 and above of “O” antigen & 1:160 and above of “H”
antigen are significant
2. Rising titres are significant
3. The recommended Widal test is by Tube Agglutination Method
Comments
This test measures somatic O and flagellar H antibodies against Typhoid
and Paratyphoid bacilli. The
agglutinins usually appear at the end of the first week of infection and
increase steadily till third / fourth
week after which the decline starts. A positive Widal test may occur
because of typhoid vaccination or
previous typhoid infection and in certain autoimmune diseases. Non
specific febrile disease may cause
this titre to increase (anamnestic reaction). The test may be falsely
negative in cases of Enteric fever
treated with antibiotics in the early stages. The recommended test
specially in the first week after infection
is Blood Culture.
PatientReportSCSuperPanel.SP_GENERAL_TEMPLATE01_SC (Version: 7)
*152286760*
Page 3 of 8
.
PatientReportSCSuperPanel.GENERAL_METHOD_SC (Version: 6)
*152286760*
Page 4 of 8
.
HEMOGRAM
Hemoglobin 14.50
g/dL 13.00 - 17.00
(Photometry)
MCV 95.00 fL
80.00 - 100.00
(Electrical Impedence)
MCH 30.00 pg
27.00 - 32.00
(Calculated)
MCHC 32.00
g/dL 32.00 - 35.00
(Calculated)
Neutrophils 4.50
thou/mm3 2.00 - 7.00
Lymphocytes 2.25
thou/mm3 1.00 - 3.00
Monocytes 0.38
thou/mm3 0.20 - 1.00
Eosinophils 0.30
thou/mm3 0.02 - 0.50
Basophils 0.08
thou/mm3 0.01 - 0.10
Platelet Count 300.0
thou/mm3 150.00 - 450.00
(Electrical impedence)
*152286760*
Page 5 of 8
.
ESR 8
mm/hr 0 - 15
(Capillary photometry)
Note
1. As per the recommendation of International council for Standardization in
Hematology, the differential
leucocyte counts are additionally being reported as absolute numbers of each
cell in per unit volume of
blood
*152286760*
Page 6 of 8
.
Test Name
Results Units Bio. Ref. Interval
Final report
No Aerobic pyogenic organism grown after 5 days
incubation at 37°C.
Dr Sunanda
MD, Pathology
Consultant
NRL - Dr Lal PathLabs Ltd
PatientReportCategory.MICRO_AEROBIC (Version: 6)
*152286760* Page 7 of 8
.
Test Name
Results Units Bio. Ref. Interval
-------------------------------End
of report --------------------------------
IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS
*Test results released pertain to the specimen submitted .*All test results
are dependent on the quality of the sample received by the Laboratory .
*Laboratory investigations are only a tool to facilitate in arriving at a
diagnosis and should be clinically correlated by the Referring Physician .*Sample
repeats are accepted on request of Referring Physician within 7 days post
reporting.*Report delivery may be delayed due to unforeseen
circumstances. Inconvenience is regretted.*Certain tests may require
further testing at additional cost for derivation of exact value. Kindly submit
request within 72 hours post reporting.*Test results may show
interlaboratory variations .*The Courts/Forum at Delhi shall have exclusive
jurisdiction in all disputes/claims concerning the test(s) & or results of
test(s).*Test results are not valid for medico legal purposes. * Contact
customer care Tel No. +91-11-39885050 for all queries related to test
results.
(#) Sample drawn from outside source.
PatientReportCategory.MICRO_AEROBIC (Version: 6)
*152286760* Page 8 of 8