Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

(MHI)

Hydrogen/Ammonia
Solution Ecosystem

Ammonia Energy Association

Conference 2021

November 10. 2021

Ricky Sakai
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries America, Inc.

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Mitsubishi Group Companies

Total Number of Employees Apx. 570,000 Number of Group Companies 600 +

Total Sales Turnover Apx. US$580 Bil. Year of Foundation 1870

Mitsubishi Group

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MHI Group at a Glance

Technology-focused conglomerate company across industries from Energy, Infrastructure,

Transportation, Space and Defense for over a hundred years

130+
Years

240+
Global companies

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MHI Group Technologies and Domain

Energy Systems Aircraft, Defense & Space

REGIONAL AVIATION MRO

RENEWABLE ENERGY&STORAGEE

Plant & Infrastructure Systems Logistics, Thermal & Drive Systems

CO2 CAPTURE SYSTEM

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MHI’s strategy to achieve Carbon Neutrality
Build an innovative solutions ecosystem to realize a carbon neutral future

Highly Efficient
Turbomachinery Renewable Energy & Storage Hydrogen GT CO2 Carrier CO2 Capture and Utilization
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Build Hydrogen / Ammonia Solution Ecosystem
The MHI Group has a vast range of technologies and end-to-end solutions for hydrogen value chain

Energy Production Transportation Utilization

Renewable Electrolysis Green H2 & NH3

H2 Storage
Gas Turbine
(Ammonia Synthesis)
Fuel Cell
High temp. gas-
Nuclear cooled reactor Pink (Salt Cavern)

Methane H2 Compressor
H2 Gas Engine
Reformer Blue (H2・NH3・CO2)

CO2 Capture
NH3
Natural Gas H2 Direct Reduction
for Steel Mill
Gas Carrier
Methane Turquoise (NH3・CO2)
Pyrolysis
H-IIA/H-III Rocket
(Plasma) (Catalytic)

◆ Expanding value chain by R&D activities and Strategic partnership

◆ Developing flagship projects all over the world In-House Partnership

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MHI’s Global Green & Blue Hydrogen / Ammonia Project : Developing Flagships

Bakken Energy
Clean Hydrogen Hub
Bismarck, North Dakota
Harrison Energy Center Vattenfall Magnum
1,200 MW Green Hydrogen Power Existing GTCC Conversion to Blue Hydrogen
Harrison County, Ohio Eemshaven, Netherlands
Intermountain Power
840 MW Green Hydrogen Power Danskammer Energy Center
Salt Lake City, Utah 600 MW Green Hydrogen Power
Newburgh,NY
Green Energy Hub
100MW Green Hydrogen Production
Hamburg, Germany
Chickahominy
ACES 1,500 MW Green Hydrogen Power
World’s Largest Green Hydrogen Charles City,VA
Production and Storage
Salt Lake City, Utah
Keppel Data Centers HySTRA
Tri-generation from Blue Hydrogen CO2-free Hydrogen Usage
Entergy Decarbonization Singapore Japan
Multiple Green H2 Project
Across Four Utilities
TX, LA, MS, AK

H2@Scale Texas
Renewable Hydrogen network
H2U
Global Hydrogen Green Ammonia Project
South Australia
Experiences
HySTRA
CO2-free Hydrogen from Coal
Latrobe, Australia

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Establishing Hydrogen Energy Value Chain

Partnership / Project Carbon-free Ammonia Production Project Green

◼ Capital participation in H2U Investments conducting carbon-free ammonia production project in South Australia
◼ Making use of abundant renewable energy in the area, producing hydrogen and ammonia. Contributing to the
region’s industries such as nearby steel mills, and export carbon-free ammonia

Hydrogen
gas turbine MHI solution

H2
Offshore Wind
Blast furnace
H2 Converter furnace
O2 Chemical

PV Fertilizer
H2 NH3

Shipping Fuel
Ammonia
Hydro Water Electrolyzer production plant
Export

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CONFIDENTIAL
Ammonia as Fuel: CO2 Free Ammonia Value Chain
CO2 Free Production CO2 Free Transportation CO2 Free or Reducing utilization
Renewable Power IMO GHG reduction target 2050
Water
△ 70% by Efficiency , △ 50% GHG Emission
Ammonia powered Ammonia Carrier
Electrolysis Ammonia expected H
HH
Hydrogen Power
as Hydrogen carrier N
H H
plant
City Use hydrogen
Green
N2 power
H2

Green
Ammonia Ammonia
Plant Ammonia powered Bulk carrier
Blue
fertilizer
Ammonia
Blue Power plant
H2

EOR CH4 Hydrogen

/CCS (Reformer) Air
CO2 free
Ammonia powered “Coal”
CO2 CO2 LCO2 carrier transport
Coal ammonia
CCS Plant
Co-firing power
CCS Plant plant
LCO2 LCO2
CO2 liq.
CO2

The use of ammonia fuel for ships reduces CO2 emissions throughout the Supply chain.
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Ammonia Production EPC + CO2 Capture = Blue
◼ MHI group is a leading EPC contractor for Ammonia, and CCS plant
Blue Ammonia ◼ Business development of Blue / Green Ammonia undergoing

NRG WA Parish Power Plant

Contractors Share for Ammonia Plant Plant location
(Thompsons, TX)
(2008 – 2018 / Capacity-Based)
Petra Nova – partnership between
Project owner
NRG Energy and JX Nippon Oil & Gas
MHI
Plant scale 240 MWeq
(14.3%)
4,776 TPD
CO2 capacity
(1.4 MMtonne/year)
15 Ammonia plants CO2 conc. 11.5 mol%-wet
with HTAS technology CO2 removal 90%
built Globally

CO2 Used for CO2-EOR

Pipeline 12 in
diameter,
~ 81 miles
Injection West Ranch
Site Oil Field
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Engineering, Ltd. is a authorized
licensee of Haldor Topsoe Ammonia Technology

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CONFIDENTIAL
Ammonia as Fuel- Technology Development
Utilization of ammonia is a path to H2 society mitigating economical impact
Hydrogen Carrier As Fuel
◼ Utilize ammonia as a carrier of voluminous hydrogen ◼ Use ammonia as low CO2 emission or carbon-free fuel
◼ Exhaust heat from GT used for ammonia cracking
Ammonia co-firing Boiler power generation

Hydrogen GT Ammonia Gas Turbine power generation

Ammonia combustion boiler

Ammonia cracking GTCC R&D
R&D Shipping fuel

2025 2030 2040 2050 2025 2030 2040 2050

Hydrogen GT
H₂
Ammonia

Exhaust
Ammonia Cracking heat Coal
Ammonia
Ammonia Powered Shipping Fuel
Ammonia Cracking GTCC Participate in Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller
Ammonia Carrier Ammonia Ammonia Center for Zero Carbon Shipping
Gas Turbine Co-Firing Boiler

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 Ammonia Fuel Gas Turbine

Ammonia Cracking GTCC

Apply to large frame GTs with high combustion

temp. and high efficiency operation.

Ammonia Direct Combustion GT

Ideal for small frame GT due to low combustion

temperature operation

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Ammonia Direct Combustion GT Development

◼ Commenced development of gas turbine fueled by 100% ammonia. (30- 40MW, H-25)
◼ Utilizing combustion technology to reduce NOx emissions generated from nitrogen in fuel
◼ Expanding lineup of carbon-free power generation options.

H-25 Gas turbine

• Output : 41.0MW
• Efficiency : 36.2% (SC)
• 80% + (Cogen)
• Delivered fleet : 189 units

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 Ammonia Direct Combustion GT Development

◼ Combustion stability is maintained by using “Diffusion Combustion Method”.

◼ Fuel-NOx formation is controlled by using “Two-stage Combustion Technology”;
◼ Rapid mixing of lean air enables switching from Fuel rich zone(1) to Fuel lean zone(2)
without passing through the Fuel-NOx formation zone.

Solution
Rich-Lean
Two Stage Combustor

Model Fuel GT modification Other modifications Performance Remarks

Standard H-25
LNG / NG Base spec. Base spec. Base spec. Existing
（Base spec.）
Fuel Gas System
Ammonia Direct Same level as
100% Ammonia Combustor only Add./Improve. of New
Combustion GT base spec.
De-NOx system

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 Ammonia Co-Firing Boiler Development

◼ NOx emission minimized with appropriate

firing system (including burners)

◼ Modification scope is limited to fuel supply

and burner since the combustion speed of
ammonia and pulverized coal is almost
same. (Modification/addition of DeNOx
system may be required, depending on NOx
restriction/regulation.)

◼ Power generation can be maintained by

coal even if ammonia supply is unstable.
Ammonia combustion test

Target : 20〜50cal% Ammonia co-firing ratio

Modification scope : Burner and fuel/ammonia supply system.

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MHI’s strategy to achieve Carbon Neutrality
Build an innovative solutions ecosystem to realize a carbon neutral future

Highly Efficient
Turbomachinery Renewable Energy & Storage Hydrogen GT CO2 Carrier CO2 Capture and Utilization
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Build CO₂ Solution Ecosystem
◼ Expanding our advantage in CO₂ recovery through further technology development
◼ Enter into the value chain of CO₂ conversion and utilization

Power plants (GTCC, Coal-fired, or biomass) Storage in earth layer：EOR、CCS

SMR furnace exhaust CO2
CO₂ Fuel synthesis: carbon recycled methanol, Jet Fuel
Conversion
LNG liquefaction Plant Recovery Utilization Valuable products synthesis: carbon recycled Chemicals
Cement and Steel plants Distribution
Commercial facilities Industrial use: food and welding

LCO2 carrier
(CO2L-Blue) CO2 to X

Biomass Power In
UK
PetroNova World Largest
From coal fire power in TX US

On-Board

CO2 Capture
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CONFIDENTIAL
© MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 18
CONFIDENTIAL