Code and Standard in Oil & Gas Industry

By

Dr. Mohamed Alaa El Din

THE HISTORY OF COMPILING
CODE AND STANDARDS
THE HISTORY OF COMPILING CODE AND STANDARDS

We are talking about history why finally the code and standard finally
emerged, which in this case ASME.
What is ASME?
What is ASME?

What is ASME?
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) is an
American professional association that, in its own words, "promotes
the art, science, and practice of multidisciplinary engineering and
allied sciences around the globe" via "continuing education, training
and professional development, codes and standards, research,
conferences and publications, government relations, and other forms
of outreach
 CODE AND STANDARD FUNCTIONS AND PURPOSES

In 1905, precisely March 20. A boiler explosion occurred at a factory in

Brocton, Massachusetts, killing 58 people and injuring 117 workers. This,
of course, caused a quarter billion dollar loss. This catastrophic event
made the Massachusetts population see the importance of regulations and
regulations for the manufacture of a steam boiler, which is none other
than for safety reasons.
CODE AND STANDARD FUNCTIONS AND PURPOSES
It was realized that this incident could be avoided by the existence of good
design, construction, and insulation from boiler or pressure vessels. They
began to formulate formulas and regulations for safety purposes.
Regulation, a regulation that differs from one state to another often
conflicts with one another, finally, manufacturers, vessel makers, realize
the difficulty of making a vessel that can be received in one country, but
also will be accepted by other countries.
 CODE AND STANDARD FUNCTIONS AND PURPOSES

Asme Accident
Because of the lack of uniformity, lack of uniformity, making
manufacturers and users (buyers) hold meetings held in 1911 on the
American Council of engineering engineers, to solve this problem.
Long story short, and this event and meeting three years later was
drafted for the first time, ASME Rules for constraints of stationary
boilers and for allowable working pressure, as was known for the
1914 edition, which was later adopted in 1915.
objectives of the code and the standard

The three objectives of the code and the standard are:

1- Design Guide
2- Uniform Design
3- Safety reason
1. Design Guide

What is a design guide, everyone has their own work experience,

each person has their own style. well, if different people do this or
design something, then it will be influenced by the style. Can you
imagine if he designed a vessel, it would be different for each person,
depending on his taste?
If it's just a different design, it might be ok, but what about checking?
if he also has his own style, it is possible for all that has been
designed to be a comment. Not to mention from the client, the design
might change again.
1. Design Guide

Connecting in the history of ASME above, each state has its own rules
and regulations, has its own rules and lines. Because they have their
own designs, finally the manufacturer has difficulty making a vessel
that can be received in all states.
Now here is the function of the Design Guide of code and standards,
so that everyone has the same understanding and rule in designing,
there is a code of ethics of their own, there is a guide itself that must
be followed together so that the design is as expected.
2. Uniform Design

What do you mean uniform load? like this for example, when you go
to a clothing store, you will look for clothes of a certain size, now
that size will be the same everywhere. in store A, in-store B,
everything will be the same. That is the standard size, so we are not
confused in choosing, because the size is standard, with all.
Also, the same case with equipment if we already have unity and
agreement in terms of design that is set in code and standards, then
in other countries, it will also use the same design. So it can be used
globally, in all places and countries have the same standard.
 3. Safety reasons
What do you mean by safety reason? the purpose, of course, is safety.
Safety has two sides, both the object and the person, the human. Objects
can be replaced or hacked, but for life, it can't be driven or even bought.
That's where the purpose of code and standards is.
In the code and standard, there are rules, all of which are not necessarily
immediately designed but have gone through the stages of testing. Some
experts have gathered to formulate something, considering it then doing
testing before the code and standard is available to be used by many
people. Brush the word, we do not have to bother doing research or
testing so that our equipment is safe, but only just follow the code and the
standard it is guaranteed safe.
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CODE AND STANDARD?
Codes are generally the top-tier documents, providing a
set of rules that specify the minimum acceptable level of
safety for manufactured, fabricated or constructed
objects. These may incorporate regulatory requirements
and will often refer out to standards or specifications for
specific details on additional requirements not specified
in the Code itself
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CODE AND STANDARD?

Code is a rule, a rule that must be run on a project, in

which there is already a design that is proven to be
truly saved, so we just have to follow. Examples of
code are ASME, ASTM etc.
my trainer said that the code is not a textbook, so it
doesn't need to be read all. but at least there are
certain parts that need to be read, at least once.
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CODE AND STANDARD?

An example of the case is, there is a pipe that has less connection,
there is a lack of fusion in the weld. And when the NDT test,
ultrasonography, the defect is discovered and becomes a problem.
And the QC does not approve it.
And here is where the role of engineering is needed, he needs to
clarify whether the defect can be accepted or does it have to be re-
welding? of course, it must refer to the code and standard. What do
we count at that time? are we see the thickness that is still left from
the defective weld, we calculate the thickness that is still left. In
accordance with ASME B31.3 Para 304.1, we calculate the thickness
requirements for the pipe.
 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CODE AND STANDARD?

Apparently, the weld thickness results that are still left are still within
the safe requirement according to ASME B31.3, so we submit it to the
client for consideration and also the decision maker whether this case
can be accepted. Yes, of course, we don't just consider the weld
thickness side, but we try to calculate it with Hope stress calculation,
even with the modeling in the cesarean section to determine whether
it's still safe.
 Definition of Standards
Definition of Standard
Standards are documents that establish engineering or technical requirements
for products, practices, methods or operations. Of particular interest to NDT
personnel are those standards that provide personnel certification requirements
and those that provide requirements for performing NDT tasks.
At the beginning we discussed the size of the clothes we bought, that is an
example of a standard. It contains a size that is used in all places, such as the
standard. Examples of standards, for example, flange size, pipe thickness, bolt
size and so on.
International Standard and Local Standard

On one occasion, we tried asking the trainer about "standard drawing",

does it include the standard category?
Yes, it is standard, but it is only local, local in one country, more specifically
local for one particular project. What this is talking about is international
standards. So standards that apply and are recognized internationally.
For example, American companies have their own standards, says API.
Australia, he has his own standards, US. and Germany with its DIN. In our
country Indonesia, it also has its own standards, namely SNI. But because
the coverage is still small, we use a lot of American International Standards,
which are usually listed in the contract project.
Example of Code and Standard International

Code and standard in oil and gas Here are a few examples
of the use of international standards and codes, but again,
this is just an example so we don't mention the whole
being code and standard used internationally.
 ASME specifications for components

ASME B 16.5, Pipe Flanges and flanged fittings - up to including NPS 24 "
ASME B 16.47, Large diameter steel flanges - NPS 26 "through 60"
ASME B 16.20, Metallic gasket for pipe flanges - Ring Joints, Spiral wound,
and Jacketed
ASME B 31.3, Process piping
ASME B 31.4, Pipeline transportation System for hydrocarbon and other
liquids
ASME B 36.10M, Welded, and seamless wrought steel pipe
ASME B 36.19M Stainless Steel pipe
 Other Standards for equipment:

API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspector

API 570, Piping Inspector
API 579, Fitness for Service
API 620, Design of Large, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks
API 650, Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
API 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
 Other Standards for equipment:

API 2000, Venting of Atmospheric & Low-Pressure Tanks

API 2003, Protection Against Lightning Stray & Currents
API 2510, Design and Construction of LPG Installations
As for the mechanical, in this case, equipment, ASME is used as
a code that is usually known as BPVC (Boiler & Pressure Vessel
Code). The coded summary is as follows:
 Other Standards for equipment:

ASME Section VII - Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Power Boilers
ASME Section VIII - Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
ASME Section IX - Welding and Brazing Qualifications
ASME Section X - Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels
ASME Section XI - Rules for In service Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant
Components
ASME Section XII - Rules for the Construction & Continued Service of
Transport Tanks
 Code and Standard in Project
After we mention a number of codes and standards in the project, let's look
at the use of code and standards listed in the project, here are a few
examples.
Why are the definitions of code and project always joined?
One chance we asked why the use of code and standards is always
combined, never separate itself ... For example, the code is API 570, while
the standard is Piping Inspector.
The answer is, the code is a guide to requirements, while the standard is a
technical guideline. The code is more a legal rule, where standards can also
be a code if it has become the guideline of one or more government
agencies and it becomes a legal basis.
Other Standards for equipment:

ASME Section I - Rules for Construction of Power Boilers

ASME Section II - Materials
ASME Section III - Rules for Construction of Nuclear Facility
Components
ASME Section IV - Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers
ASME Section V - Nondestructive Examination
ASME Section VI - Recommended Rules for Care and Operation of
Heating Boilers
Codes and standards
 API- ISO and Standards
• The standard defines the minimum functional and
performance oriented requirements and guidelines for well
design, planning and execution of safe well operations. The
focal of the standard is well integrity.
ISO
• International Organization for Standardization
• Standards organization
• Description
• The International Organization for Standardization is an international standard
development organization composed of representatives from the national
standards organizations of member countries. Membership requirements are
given in Article 3 of the ISO Statutes. Wikipedia
• Abbreviation: ISO
• Purpose: International standards development
• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Founded: February 23, 1947, London, United Kingdom
• President: Ulrika Francke
• Subsidiaries: ISO/IEC JTC 1, SPRING SG
• Founders: International Federation of the National Standardizing
Associations, United Nations Standards Coordinating Committee
The standard
• Well integrity is defined to be “application of technical, operational
and organizational solutions to reduce risk of uncontrolled release of
formation fluids throughout the life cycle of a well”.

• The standard focuses on establishing well barriers by use of WBE’s (well

barrier elements), their acceptance criteria, their use and monitoring of
integrity during their life cycle. The standard also covers well integrity
management and personnel competence requirements. The standard
does not contain any well or rig equipment specifications.”
API STD65-2
• API STD 65-2: Isolating Potential Flow Zones During Well Construction
(2nd Edition, December 1, 2010)
• Overview:
• This standard contains practices for isolating potential flow zones, an
integral element in maintaining well integrity. The focus of this standard is
the prevention of flow through or past barriers that are installed during
well construction. Barriers that seal wellbore and formation pressures or
flows may include mechanical barriers such as seals, cement, or hydrostatic
head, or operational barriers such as flow detection practices. Operational
barriers are practices that result in activation of a physical barrier. Though
physical barriers may dominate, the total system reliability of a particular
design is dependent on the existence of both types of barriers.
API STD65-2
• Objectives:
• The objectives of this guideline are two-fold. The first is to help
prevent and/or control flows just prior to, during, and after primary
cementing operations to install or “set” casing and liner pipe strings
in wells. Some of these flows have caused loss of well control. They
threaten the safety of personnel, the environment, and the drilling
rigs themselves. The second objective is to help prevent sustained
casing pressure (SCP), also a serious industry problem.
API RP75
• API RP 75: Recommended Practice for Development of a Safety and
Environmental Management Program for Offshore Operations and
Facilities (3rd Edition, May 1, 2004).
• Purpose and objective:
• This recommended practice is intended to assist in development of a
management program designed to promote safety and environmental
protection during the performance of offshore oil and gas and sulphur
operations. This recommended practice addresses the identification and
management of safety hazards and environmental impacts in design,
construction, start-up, operation, inspection, and maintenance, of new,
existing, or modified drilling and production facilities. The objective of this
recommended practice is to form the basis for a Safety and Environmental
Management Program (SEMP). By developing a SEMP based on this
Recommended Practice, owners and operators will formulate policy and
objectives concerning significant safety hazards and environmental impacts
over which they can control and can be expected to have an influence
API Centrifugal pump
Pipes
 Magnetic derive pump

CQ stainless steel magnetic pump

IMD Magnetic Centrifugal Pump

CQB-FD series magnetic pump

CQB-FB Magnetic Centrifugal Pump

CQB Teflon lining magnetic pump

CQB65-50-150F Teflon lined magnetic drive pump

CQB40-40-125 Teflon Lined Magnetic Drive Pump

CQ stainless steel magnetic pump
IMD Magnetic Centrifugal Pump
IMD Magnetic Centrifugal Pump
CQB-FD series magnetic pump
CQB-FB Magnetic Centrifugal Pump
CQB Teflon lining magnetic pump
CQB intubation stylet magnetic pump
CQB65-50-150F Teflon lined magnetic drive pump
CQB40-40-125 Teflon Lined Magnetic Drive Pump
https://www.sbmc.com.cn/chemical-pump-8.html
ICP series chemical centrifugal pump
ICP series chemical centrifugal pump
ICP series chemical centrifugal pump
• EGPC
• EGAS
• Petrochemicals
• Ganope
• EMRA
Two Authorities in Egypt

• Gas regularity authority (GRA) for gas operation

• Egyptian organization for standardization and quality (EOS)