ANAT 113 1 Chapter 7- Muscular System List the three types of muscles? Only skeletal muscles can contract. a. True b. False A muscle cell is called a muscle fiber because it is elongated instead of roundish. a. True b. False Match the following type of muscle to its correct structure. Smooth Muscle Muscle fibers are uninucleated, cylindrical, striated, branched Skeletal Muscle Muscle fibers are uninucleated (single nucleus), tapered cylindrical shaped and narrow Cardiac muscle Muscle fibers are cylindrical , multinucleated, and striated What type of muscle is striated AND under voluntary control? A) skeletal 8) smooth C) cardiac Provide one example of the location of smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscles in the body. (2) Smooth muscle- (2) Cardiac muscle- {3) Skeletal muscle-ANAT 113 7. List the 3 layers of connective tissue associated with skeletal muscle in order from deepest to most superficial. 8. Abundle of muscle fibers is a(n): a) endomysium b) fascicle ©) muscle organ d) perimysium 9. List the 5 functions of skeletal muscles? 10. Match the following structures of a muscle fiber to its function: Sarcolemma Sarcoplasm Glycogen T tubules Myofibrils Sarcomeres Myofilament Sarcoplasmic reticulum Myoglobin Extends into muscle fiber and carries nerve signals that cause Ca2+ to be released from sarcoplasmic reticulum into sarcoplasm Plasma membrane of muscle fiber that forms T tubules Stores energy for muscle contraction Units that make up myofibrils Smooth endoplasmic reticulum in muscle that stores Ca2+ Cytoplasm of muscle fiber that contain organelles, including myofibrils Consists of a bundle of myofilaments that contract Thick and thin filaments that form striations and contribute to contractions Red pigment that stores 02 for muscle contractionANAT 113 11, Label the anatomy of a muscle fiber. vessel 12. Label 1-7 on the following diagram. Use the word bank below. Striated (Skolotal) Muscle Word bank: Sercomere, Myosin, Zline, A band, | band, H zone, ActinANAT 113 2B. Fill in the blanks: a. Thick filament made up of one protein called Thin filament made up of three proteins: ©. 1 Band (light) consist of only one filament attached to Zine. | band also overlaps adjacent sarcomere. d. A Band (Dark) is found at the centre of the sarcomere and consists of overlapping, and thin filaments. fe. H zone is the light region found in the center of the and consists of only filaments. Compare and contrast between thick and thin filaments. Include the structure and proteins each filament is composed of. Thick Filaments Thin Filaments 14. 15. 16. Fill in the blanks, The theory of muscle contraction is the movement of filaments in relation to myosin filaments. When a muscle fibre contracts, the sarcomere ‘causing the thin filament, actin, to, past the myosin filament. ‘When a muscle fibre contracts, what happens to the | band and H zone? ‘True or false? During the sli filaments. ig process, each sarcomere shortens including the thick and thinANAT 113 17. Label the synaptic cleft, axon terminal, sarcolemma and synaptic vesicle on the following diagram. 18. Order the following steps of the sliding filament correctly from 1-9. ‘ADP + P released and power stroke occurs where myosin head bends and pulls actin towards the middle of sarcomere, shortening the muscle ‘Annervous impulse arrives at the neuromuscular junction which causes @ release of 2 chemical called Acetylcholine (Ach) into the synaptic cleft ‘Cross bridge forms between myosin head and actin while ADP + P remain on myosin Ca™ binds to Troponin, changing its shape and so moving Tropomyosin from the myosin binding site on Actin ‘Ach binds to receptors on sarcolemma ‘Signal travels throughout the muscle by the transverse tubules to the sarcoplasmic reticulum causing Calcium (Ca”) to be released, Myosin head is unattached; ATP binds to myosin’s ATP binding site Myosin ATPase hydrolyses ATP into ADP + Pi ‘ATP molecule binds to myosin head causing myosin to detach from actin and myosin head back to resting position, 19. What are the roles of ATP during muscle contraction? ‘A. Energize myosin 8. Detach myosin and actin C._ATP NEEDED TO PUMP CA2+ back into SR D. Allof the above are roles of ATP during muscle contractionANAT 113 20. ATP is first regenerated by A) cellular respiration. 8B) lactic acid breakdown. C) creatine phosphate breakdown D) fermentation, 21. Using your knowledge on cellular respiration and fermentation, complete the following chart. Location ‘Anaerobic or | Reactants Products Aerobic Cellular Respiration Fermentation ~ 22. Define oxygen debt and describe how repayment of the oxygen debt occurs. 23. Why do people who train their muscles, experience a lesser oxygen debt compared to those who do not train? 24. Match the following terms with the correct definition. All or None law Muscle twitch Fatigue Motor Unit Recruitment Muscle Tone Muscle Atrophy Hypertrophy Single contraction that lasts only a fraction of a second Fibres are always contracting even when muscle appears to be at rest ‘Armuscle fibre contracts completely or not at all Nerve fiber together with all the muscle fibers it innervates Increase in muscle size due to muscle contraction of at least 75% max tension or more Gradual weakening after repetitive use due to many reasons including ATP depletion , lactic acid build up due to fermentation and lack of acetylcholine Process in which the intensity of nervous stimulation increases, more motor units are activated resulting in stronger and stronger muscle contractions Decrease in size; Wasting away muscles due to disuse or used for only ‘weak contractionsANAT 113 2. Using your knowledge on the types of muscle fibres, complete the following table. Slow twitch Intermediate twitch | Fast twitch fibers (Type fibers) | fibers (Type 2a) (Type 2b fibers) Contraction time ft Very fast Size of motor neuron large Force production Very high Mitochondria ~ high _ ‘Myoglobin content ‘moderate Fibre color Capillary density(high/low) intermediate low. ATP synthe: Examples of activities Moderate strength activities: walking, jogging, biking Resistant tofatigue SC intermediate 26. Fill in the blanks. Word bank: Antagonists, prime mover, sertion, synergists, origi When a muscle contracts ata joint, one bone remains relatively stationary and other moves. The of a muscle is on the stationary bone and the ison the moving bone. The muscle responsible for doing most of the work is called the . Muscles that assist with a movement are called the, Muscles that work against (opposite to) another muscle to bring movement in the opposite direction are called 27. List the 7 terms used to characterize muscles and provide an example for each.ANAT 113 28. Describe the location and function of the muscles of the head, trunk, upper and lower limb. Function Origin/insertion Muscles of the Head Sternocleidomastoid Flex and rotate head ‘Trapezius Occipital bone, C7 vertebrae, all thoracic vertebrae / spine of scapula and clavicle Muscles of the Trunk External intercostals Elevate rib cage Internal intercostals Inferior rib/superior rib, Rectus abdominis ‘Muscles of the shoulder and upper Timb Deltoid Abducts arm to horizontal Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi lac crest/intertubular groove of humerus Rotator cuff Biceps brachii Triceps brachii Extends arm and forearm ‘Muscles of the Hip and Lower limb Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius llium/greater trochanter of femur Quadriceps femoris Hamstring group Flexes & rotates leg medially and extends thigh GastrocnemiusANAT 113 29. How does aging affect the muscular system? 30. Describe how the muscular system works with other body systems to main homeostasis? 31. Label the indicated muscles on the following pages.[DEEP] Tove — Deltoid (cut and reflected) Pectoralis minor ‘Subscapularis Coracobrachialis Pectoralis External abdominal oblique External abdominal oblique (cut and reflected) Internal abdominal oblique (cul) Inguinal ring NUR \ transversus abdominis (superficial) i NN Gluteus medius M Tensor fasciae latae Niopsoas Reclus sheath Sartorius, Rectus femoris Adductor longus Gracilie:-Adductor magnus ——lliotibial tract i +—Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus (a) Sartorius rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus medialis