Petchaburi City Hall

Panupong Kotchasing

A Thesis Submitted in Partial

Fulfillments of the Requirements

for the Degree of

Bachelor of Architecture

Department of Architecture,

School of Architecture and Design

ASSUMPTION UNIVERSITY

2016
Thesis Approved:

Date Assoc. Prof. Pralong Phirananda, DEAN

Date A. Suparath Valaisathien, Chairperson

Date A. Nutthawut Piriyaprakob, Thesis Advisor

 GOVERNMENT BUILDING

Panupong Kotchasing

74 pages December, 2016

Mostly government buildings in Thailand were designed by one group

of people. Also, the design always come up with hierarchy of people that make citizen

feel scared when they come to contact with government. In addition, about the design,

most city halls in Thailand are not really different. Some city halls are same design

even the location of cities are totally in different part of country. The design of city hall

did not show identity of each city at all. Moreover, the office design of government

building did not motivate officer at all, that why people can feel that the work of

government need a lot of time to done.

Therefore, this thesis would study the way to improve government

building like city hall. The better working space for officer can motivate them to working

faster than before. Also, the friendly design that citizen will not little when they come to

contact in city hall. Also, put the identity of that city to the design that can make this

city hall different with other but citizen will know that this is city hall.
 Acknowledgement

First of all, I would like to give thanks to Aj. Nutthawut Piriyaprakob who

is my advisor for this thesis. He is the first person that I have in mind to be my advisor.

He help me to develop the idea of this thesis form the beginning to the end. Not only

the thesis, he was teach and let me know about the real architect life. This will be the

best benefits after I graduated and becoming architect in the future. Moreover, I would

like to give thanks to Aj. Karan and Aj. Nutthee who are always give the best advices

to my thesis form the start until the end. Those advices are very useful. I will not done

my thesis if I did not get those advices.

 Table of Contents

Page

Acknowledgement

List of Figures iv

List of Tables viii

Chapter 1: Thesis Introduction

1.1 Background of Interest 1

1.2 Issue of Interest 3

1.3 Objective Proposal 3

1.4 Hypothesis of Proposal 4

1.5 Thesis Statement 4

Chapter 2: Literature Review

2.1 The Image of the City I Kevin Lynch 5

2.2 Tropical Urban Regionalism I Kenneth Yeang 8

2.3 Agile Working 10

Chapter 3: Contextual Proposition

3.1 District Selection 12

3.2 Site Selection and Site Analysis 14

3.3 Law and Regulation 17

Chapter 4: Potential Design Response

4.1 Design Scope 19

4.2 Program Analysis 20

4.3 Organization Structure 20

4.4 Activities/ Space 21

4.5 Space Summary 22

ii
Chapter 5: Building Technology

5.1 Building Structure 23

5.2 Building System 24

Chapter 6: Design Schematics

6.1 Concept Development 29

6.2 Design Development 30

Chapter 7: Design Summary

7.1 Design Development 48

7.2 Final Production 52

Chapter 8: Thesis Conclusion 72

Bibliography 73

iii
 List of Figures

Page

Figure 1: The evolution of architecture's form of the world 1

Figure 2: Development of government buildings 2

Figure 3: All city hall in Thailand 3

Figure 4: 5 Elements of City 5
Figure 5: City Form 8
Figure 6: Spirit of the place 8

Figure 7: 5 Connections 9

Figure 8: Open plan office 10

Figure 9: Breakout area 10
Figure 10: Quiet zones 11

Figure 11: Touchdown area 11

Figure 12: Resources area 11

Figure 13: Location of new government center of Samutprakan 12

Figure 14: Location of Petchaburi provincial hall 13

Figure 15: the new provincial hall in the same area 14

Figure 16: the new provincial hall in new area 14

Figure 17: Building type around the existing provincial hall 15

Figure 18: The boundary of site selection 15

Figure 19: Site dimension and existing 16

Figure 20: Images of site 16
Figure 21: Site analysis roads and exiting trees 17
Figure 22: Site analysis density of people and view of site 17
Figure 23: Law and Regulation for government office 18

Figure 24: The office and event spaces 19

Figure 25: Organization chart of city hall 21

Figure 26: Existing city hall 22

Figure 27: Concrete frame structures 23

Figure 28: Curtain wall 24

iv
Figure 29: Wind ventilation 24

Figure 30: Natural light 25

Figure 31: Cooling tower system 26

Figure 32: Lighting 26

Figure 33: Sever room 27

Figure 34: Building systems and circulations 28

Figure 35: Design approach 29

Figure 36: Conceptual development 29

Figure 37: Conceptual development 29

Figure 38: Conceptual development 30

Figure 39: Zoning development 30

Figure 40: Zoning development 31

Figure 41: Zoning development 31

Figure 42: 1st schematic idea 32

Figure 43: 1st schematic layout plan 33

Figure 44: 1st schematic first floor plan 33

Figure 45: 1st schematic second floor plan 34

Figure 46: 1st schematic elevation 34

Figure 4 7: 1st schematic section 34

Figure 48: 2nd schematic model 35

Figure 49: 3rd schematic model 36

Figure 50: 4th schematic model 37

Figure 51: 4th schematic first floor plan 38

Figure 52: 4th schematic second floor plan 38

Figure 53: 4th schematic third floor plan 39

Figure 54: 4th schematic section A 39

Figure 55: 4th schematic section B 39

Figure 56: 4th schematic elevation 1 40

Figure 57: 4th schematic elevation 3 40

Figure 58: 5th schematic model 41

Figure 59: 5th schematic layout plan 42

v
Figure 60: 5th schematic first floor plan 42

Figure 61: 5th schematic second floor plan 43

Figure 62: 5th schematic third floor plan 43

Figure 63: 5th schematic section A 44

Figure 64: 5th schematic section B 44

Figure 65: 5th schematic section C 44

Figure 66: 5th schematic elevation 1 45

Figure 67: 5th schematic elevation 2 45

Figure 68: 5th schematic elevation 3 45

Figure 69: 5th schematic elevation 4 45

Figure 70: 5th schematic perspective 46

Figure 71: 5th schematic perspective 46

Figure 72: 5th schematic perspective 47

Figure 73: 5th schematic perspective 47

Figure 74: Design development 48

Figure 75: Design development 48

Figure 76: Design development 49

Figure 77: Design development 49

Figure 78: Design development 50

Figure 79: Design development 50

Figure 80: Fac;ade design 51

Figure 81: The whole building 51

Figure 82: Layout plan 52

Figure 83: First floor plan 53

Figure 84: Underground floor plan 53

Figure 85: Second floor plan 54

Figure 86: Third floor plan 54

Figure 87: Fourth floor plan 55

Figure 88: Fifth floor plan 55

Figure 89: Roof floor plan 55

Figure 90: Section A 56

vi
Figure 91: Section B 56

Figure 92: Section C 57

Figure 93: Section D 57

Figure 94: Elevation 1 58

Figure 95: Elevation 2 58

Figure 96: Elevation 3 58

Figure 97: Elevation 4 59

Figure 98: Fac;ade view 59

Figure 99: Fac;ade view 59

Figure 100: Fac;ade view 60

Figure 101: Fac;ade view 60

Figure 102: Fac;ade view 61

Figure 103: Fac;ade view 61

Figure 104: Wall section 62

Figure 105: Wall section model 63

Figure 106: Perspective 64

Figure 107: Perspective 64

Figure 108: Perspective 65

Figure 109: Perspective 65

Figure 110: Perspective 66

Figure 111: Perspective 66

Figure 112: Perspective 67

Figure 113: Perspective 67

Figure 114: Perspective 68

Figure 115: Perspective 68

Figure 116: Model 69

Figure 117: Model 70

Figure 118: Model 70

Figure 119: Model 71

Figure 120: Model 71

vii
 List of Tables

Page

Table 1: Space summary 22

viii
 1

Chapter 1: Thesis Introduction

1.1 Project Background of Interest

"Architectural form is the point of contact between mass and space. Architectural

forms, textures, materials, modulation of light and shade, color, all combine to inject a

quality or spirit that articulates space. The quality of the architecture will be determined by

the skill of the designer in using and relating these elements, both in the interior spaces

and in the spaces around buildings. The

form is an inclusive term that can be

recognized, as that of a chair of the

human body that sits in it." 1 Also in

architectural form, there is specific form

I of architecture in each movement that

-
Figure 1: The evolution of architecture's form of the
world
shows the identity of each movement

clearly. Mostly,

architecture's form are an architecture that involves about religions. For example, the
recognizable

Parthenon is in the Classical period, the Notre-Dame de Paris in Gothic Period, or the

Dome of Florence Cathedral in Renaissance period. Each movement has their own

identity and style that we can saw it by the form of architecture. Same as Thailand, the

most recognizable architecture's form are an architecture that involves with religions. For

example, the form of Buddhism temple is the most powerful recognizable. Most Thai

people always pay respect when they walk pass or saw Buddhism temple. If the form

Buddhism temple change, some Thai people will not pay respect. Therefore, this reasons

can summarize that the form of architecture really has power to people. However, there is

1 Francis D. K. Ching, Architecture, Form, Space & Order. (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1979), 33-34.
 2

some kind of building that use some part of Buddhism temple's form to be some part of

the building. Most of that is a government building.

"Government building is the place that citizen will be scared to go or visit because

they will imagine about big people or powerful people working their. Moreover, they need

to prepare a lot of time when they need to contact with government. The 'Bureaucracy' is

the system of government. A bureaucracy is a body of non-elective government officials.

Because of working in rationalization that can affect to officer become soulless. Officer

need to do a lot of detail, step by step and no flexibility in work. These reasons why citizen

need to prepare a lot of time to contact. Moreover, with no regard about the profit like

private office, there are no impulsive of officer to do better work. Also , government can

call like office of Royal. When we heard the word 'Royal', it sound like bigger than us. This

is the thing that make hierarchy of government higher than citizen . But in civilization world ,

the contact with government should not be form the top downwards, it should be rewarded

2
rather than each other. "

Government building
_"'__.
.. __......,.
' is the office building of

government. From the

history, most of the

government building design

are always follow civilization

except city hall. City hall is

the government office of

each province that will

Figure 2: Development of government buildings

2
Vanat Putnark, "Why we feel a little when contact with government," The Matter, (December, 2016) :
http://thematter.co/pulse/people-in-the-state-working/14205 .
 3

administrate the city to be better. The city hall consists a lot of government sectors. These

government sectors will be under the Governor of each province. So, the city hall is the

one of the important building of the province . But, why the design of city hall still is the

same since the government reform in Rama 5. By that, the architecture style of all city hall

are "Adapted Thai Architecture". This style of architecture is the style that did not develop

continuously. In addition , there are limitedly used for this kind of building. So, there are no

impulsion to develop it. Moreover, this style of architecture will stun away out of context

that dr,amatically changed by civilization . (Vimolsiddhi Horayangkura) So, the city hall

should be redesign and show the identity of each province.

Figure 3: All city hall in Thailand

1.2 Issues of Interest

The transformation of identity in context to be symbolic architecture

The relationship between symbolic architecture and city

The relationship between public space and community

The improvement of efficient working by architecture

1.3 Objective of Proposal

Creating a form of architecture that really effect in a symbolic way to people

Creating an office design that can make better efficient working

To study about how to bring identity to be architecture

To study and understand about center public space of city

 4

1.4 Hypothesis of Proposal

The architecture's form of the city hall will be symbolic architecture. The new city

hall will be the center of the city which is the architecture need show identity clearly. It will

have a relationship between the city hall and city in term of public use. So, this city hall

need to have a public space for a citizen such as a library or a citizen council. They need

to have a huge open public space to create the ceremonies or events of the city. So, it

should be located in the center or nearby city. In term of the office, this city hall will have

the better efficient working space for the officer.

1.5 Thesis Statement

Redesign the city hall to show the identity of each province to be the symbolic

architecture of the city and will have better efficient working space. World already

changed, why architecture does not change?

 5

Chapter 2: Literature Review

2.1 The image of the city I Kevin Lynch

"Lynch argues that people in urban situations orient themselves by means

of mental maps. He compares three American cities (Boston , Jersey City, and Los

Angeles) and looks at how people orient themselves in these cities . A central notion in this

book is that of legibility (also called imageability and visibility). Legibility means the extent

to which the cityscape can be 'read '. People who move through the city engage in way-

finding . They need to be able to recognize and organize urban elements into a coherent

pattern . "In the process of way-finding , the strategic link is the environmental image, the

generalized mental picture of the exterior physical world that is held by an individual. This

image is the product both of immediate sensation and of the memory of past experience,

and it is used to interpret information and to guide action . Lynch proposes that these

mental maps consist of five elements." 3

5 ELEMENTS OF CITY

----···
1.Mnta 2.EOGES a. Dll1ftlCTI
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................
...... - ... ell\' ·OUT UllE Of A CfTY IV WATfll •1911Qll , • • • . _

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QllOMlllO °" ~ Of
MN, lilOlollH'T Ofl IHIFT ftlOM OH!
~
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Figure 4: 5 Elements of City

3Michiel de Lange . Review of The Image of The City, by Kevin Lynch ,

http:l/themobilecity.nl/2009/05/08/review-kevin-lynch-the-image-of-the-city. (May 2009)
 6

1. Paths are the transportation routes of the city and are the most common points

from which the city is experienced. They can be made distinct and memorable through

variation in design and natural setting. To avoid confusion, there ought to be an obvious

hierarchy of streets, indicating which carry a higher volume. Each street need not be

absolutely straight, but it ought to travel in one general direction and have a directional

gradient to communicate where on the line the traveler is. Paths should have well-defined

origins and destinations as well as landmarks along the way.

2. Edges provide a spatially distinct constitution to elements of the city. The more

visually obvious they are, like a waterfront or park side, the better. Edges can be strong,

but planners must ensure they are still penetrable enough to allow connections across

them.

3. Districts are relatively large areas that have enough identity to be named. Each

district should be set apart from others through thematic, visual clues. Districts often

become defined in terms of class or special use as well. Some districts are introverted,

with sharp boundaries and an exclusive association, while others are extroverted, tied

more closely to the whole pattern of the city.

4. Nodes are precise locations that require extra attention from the observer,

usually junctions along a network of paths or transit stations. They should be limited to a

reasonable amount and made distinct through edges and landmarks.

5. A landmark is anything that stands out that can help an observer orient himself.

It could be lavish and visually appealing, or it could simply be a foreground that contrasts

sharply with the background.

 7

There is a temptation for the designer to miss the whole by focusing too

heavily on these parts. It's also important to resist defining the perceptual environment so

clearly that individual perspectives are not able to shape and define it in their own unique

ways. The city form should induce the citizen to explore and create as well as find the

most efficient route from place to place. Citizens can learn how to perceive their city as a

dynamic work of art.

They have opportunity of forming new city world into an imageable

landscape: visible, coherent, and clear. It will require a new attitude on the part of the city

dweller, and a physical reshaping of their domain into form which entrance the eye, which

organize themselves from level to level in time and space, which can stand as symbols

for urban life. Most objects which we are accustomed to call beautiful, such as a painting

or a tree, are single-purpose things, in which, through long development of the impress of

one will, there is an intimate, visible linkage from fine detail to total structure. A city is a

multi-purpose, shifting organization, a tent for many functions, raised by many hands and

with relative speed. Complete specialization, final meshing, is improbable and

undesirable. The form must be somewhat noncommittal, plastic to the purposes and

perceptions of its citizen

Yet there are fundamental functions of which the city forms may be

expressive: circulation, major land-uses, and key focal points. The common hopes and

pleasures, the sense of community may be made flesh. Above all, if the environment is

visibly organized and sharply identified, then the citizen can inform it with his own

meanings and connections. Then it will become a true place, remark-able and

unmistakable.
 8

" -- .

CITY FORM
THElll! AM '1JNDMIENTAL FUNCTIONS Of WHICH THE Cl1Y FORMS MAYBE IEXPMSllVE
: CR:Ul.ATION, ~ ~.~.~~.~·

IF THI ENVIRONMENT IS Wllm.Y ORGANIZED ANO

8HARPLy ...,..llD

THE cmZEH CAN 1!!1! rT WITH THEIR OWN

CTIOHS

Figure 5: City Form

2.2 Tropical Urban Regionalism I Kenneth Yeang

Regionalist architecture seeks to incorporate in its design the spirit of place

in which it is located. Its intentions are for contextual architecture which responds self-

evidently to the local conditions. It should relate to the deeper sensibilities and tangible

realities of the place, rather than relating primarily to intentional influences and trens. More

specifically, the emergent regionalist architecture seeks its architectural significance

through relating its build configuration, aesthetics, organization and technical assembly

and material to a certain place and time .

ARCHITECTURE . . TOM\A!! ) THE SPIRIT OF THE PALCE IN WHICH IT IS LOCATED

If lltCIUU) 11111.ATI IO DHl'H -.it111 MID fNIGlll.I NN.mll OF THI l'l.ACa.
'THE ElllERGEHT ~ NlCHl1lCJlAltE SEB<S M1Hlll T - .V.l'ING l'MIMll.r TO lllTll'DIATICINillL INFUJIMC:U AND l1llltD&.
,,.. MCHll'IC1UIW. ~ 1HlllOUGH lll'U.f·
.wo 11111U1Lr CONFIOUllAhOIN. Ann.rica. CllGWf.
J&tflON AJ//O 1'ICHICAI. A81111a r ANO llAflllfMl.I
CULTURAL AND TECHNICAL
TO A CfillTMll l'l.AC AMI ,..... '

Figure 6: Spirit of the place

This endeavor is both cultural and technical. A particular place would have

a physical, social, economic and political status quo beside a cultural and architectural

heritage, and natural history. Architecture's function in relating its attributes as a

technological product to a particular place and time is as vital connector that link
 9

technology with culture. The regionalist design approach seek to articulate this linkage.

The design process should involve the synthesis of the selective combination of a series

of functional connections together into built form . These connections include: a direct

connection which involves the direct creative development and adaptation for

contemporary uses of the existing range of built forms , devices, patterns and aesthetics

that can be identified from the cultural tradition and architectural heritage of the place; an

indirect (abstract) connection through the interpretation into form by design of those

general principles and lessons derived through an analysis of the cultural tradition and

architectural heritage of the place; an inclusive contemporary connection in design through

the selective use and localization of current technology, form and ideals that are relevant

to the program and context; a landscape connection in the design that reflects ,

incorporates and integrates the built configuration with the physical features and natural

history of the place (that must include its climate, topography and ecology); and a forward

connection in which the design considerations include an anticipation of the likely future

historical consequences of the building .

I. NI~ CCNIECnoN wnMC1)

_
1. A a.ct COl•l!CTION
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ll. AH INCLUSIVE CONTEMPORARY CONNECTION
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CIP' . . IUIGI T£CIHNOlOO\', FONil NfO IOfAI TW.l NLIVAHT TO TIC~ ANO
CON'TIXT

4. A l.ANOSCAPE OOHNlCTION I. ,.,.....,COfiNICTtml

~
• Plf'l'llCAI. fU.'l\#ID MIO No\TUIW. Hlll'O«I' Of M 'lACf
· INCLUD( na a.-.'l'I, T~ NfO fCOl.OOY •-
MW -aa -
II . .- .1MllUIW ll10M GP' THI
. .-

Figure 7: 5 Connections
 10

2.3 Agile Working

Agile working is blend of creativity and science. It creates office

environments that are space efficient, productive and vibrant. Different tasks need

different environments to make sure a workforce is working effectively. The workplace

should combine efficient use of space with collaborative working and the need to

recognize concentration and contemplation . This concept is sometimes known as 'activity-

based working ' or 'agile working '. Through agile working principles, there are 5 elements

of an agile working environment.

1. Open Plan area are essential.

Advantages : Offer good communication for

project teams , ideal for admin workers or any

performing intensive computer based work.

Gives a high density of workers per m2 - very

space-efficient
Figure 8: Open plan office

Disadvantages: Can be noisy and distracting for persons performing focused work. Little

privacy for confidential work or sensitive conversations .

2. Breakout area are multi-purpose spaces.

They can be used for informal meeting, for eating, for

relaxation. Ideal for brain-storming sessions. Provides a more

creative setting than a traditional enclosed meeting room .

Figure 9: Breakout area

Advantages : Provide instant-access meeting facilities for project teams, ideally should be

close to open plan work areas.

Disadvantages: Can be noisy and not ideal meeting spaces if rules are not put in place.

Little privacy for confidential conversations.

 11

3. Quiet Zones are an essential part of agile

working. They provide area where any worker can get

privacy and quiet to perform work that is confidential or that

requires focus and concentration . If designed carefully they

can also provide small confidential meeting spaces. Figure 10: Quiet zones

Advantages : Provide on-demand quiet space for anyone in the team , ideally should be

close to open plan work areas.

Disadvantages: Relatively expensive to provide. If rules are not put in place then can be

hijacked by particular team members.

4. Touchdown area provide overflow work space

to accommodate workers who may visit the office less

frequently. They are ideal for short duration tasks like

catching up with emails or doing a quick task between

Figure 11 : Touchdown area
meetings. They are often incorporated with breakout areas.

Advantages : Provide flexible work areas to allow for swings in occupancy levels. Ideally

should be close to communal meeting rooms or breakout spaces.

Disadvantages: Typically smaller than standard work stations and not ideal for period of

sustained work.

5. Resources and storage are vital cogs in the

wheel. They want to be close to team work areas but

screened to reduce noise intrusion . Facilities that need to

allow for include copiers and printers, recycling station,

stationery storage and team filing. Figure 12: Resources area

 12

Chapter 3: Contextual Proposition

3.1 District Selection

In Thailand , there is 76 provinces beside Bangkok that needs to have the

provincial hall. Some of them already built the new one , some of them are not. So , the

need of each province to have the new provincial will be criteria of choosing in district

selection. There is 2 provinces that needs the new provincial hall which is Samutprakan

and Petchaburi form the news.

Because of the old provincial hall of Samutprakan is too old and dilapidated.

Moreover, there are not enough space for all office that needs to work in the provincial

hall and there is no space for development. So, the government of Samutprakan has the

decision to build a new government center with a provincial hall in Baan Ping .4

Figure 13: Location of new government center of Samutprakan

4Pramote Thitiwongrit, "The Decision of Moving Provincial Hall to Build a Government Center in
Baan Ping ," National News Bureau of Thailand , accessed October 15, 2016,
http://thainews.prd .go.th/website_th/news/news_detail/TNSOC5907270010134.
 13

On the other hand , the existing provincial hall of Petchaburi also too old

and dilapidated . In addition, there are not enough space for working . So, they have the

decision to build the new one. By that, they propose 4 possible sites of the new provincial

hall. Firstly, they will destroy the old one and build the new one instead . Secondly, they

will build the new one on the tennis court that located in the back of the existing provincial

hall. Third , they will build on the petanque court that located in front of the old one. Lastly,

they will find the new area in Amphoe Meuang to build the provincial hall for support the

expanding of city in the future .5

Figure 14: Location of Petchaburi provincial hall

Finally, the district that I choose to design the new provincial hall is

Petchaburi. There are many reasons that why I choose Petchaburi. First of all, I choose

Petchaburi because Petchaburi has more interesting about identity than Samutprakan.

5Kanokwan Phadungkhan, "The Meeting of Petchaburi Governer about the New Provincial Hall ,"
National News Bureau of Thailand , accessed October 15, 2016,
http://thainews.prd .go.th/website_th/news/news_detail/TNSOC5906070010115.
 14

Petchaburi is a dessert and sea salt city and Samutprakan is an industrial estate. In this

point, there is totally different identity, but Petchaburi is more interesting. There are a lot

of things that can play with design. Moreover, the urban of Petchaburi and Samutprakan

are different. Because of Samutprakan is perimeter city, if put some symbolic architecture,

it does not effect to people much because they already have their own symbolic

architecture which is the Erawan Museum. Another reason is most of them working in

Bangkok, they will not come to use the provincial hall too much even located in the city.

On the other hand, Petchaburi is a countryside and small city. So, if put the symbol

architecture in the city, it will affect to the city a lot.

3.2 Site Selection and Site Analysis

The location of city hall often located on the area that close to other

government building. The province that did not located the city hall close to other

government building, when they have plan to build a new one, they will create the

government center and put the provincial hall in it. The government center will be the place

for the government sectors that belong to governor of each province. But for the province

that the city hall already surround by other government building will build the new one on

the same area.

-. -• -
!........___ _

-11--+ -11-
• • I

L____.lL.1
,
L.•.... ., ..

! 1.......1

··-· ··~·
Figure 15: The new provincial hall in the same area
-----·--1

Figure 16: The new provincial hall in new area

[~] ---i
~---j

Then, the location of existing Petchaburi provincial hall already located

nearby the other government building. So the site of the new Petchaburi provincial hall will

located around those area.

 15

Key
Aatoe t
c..n-cia1
lnckMtlal
Eelu""'°"
Relogicn
ao.wnmtnt
Cllll!nl
~

Agnallure

Figure 17: Building type around the existing provincial hall

Because of this location close to Petchaburi River, I have the potential that

link the provincial hall to riverside by public space. So the site will cover the old area of

provincial hall to the river side.

Figure 18: The boundary of site selection

 16

Figure 19: Site dimension and existing

Figure 20: Images of site

Site Analysis

This site located on the main road that easily to access by citizen , also

located next to Petchaburi fresh market and street market along the Petchaburi River.

These markets have a lot of people using it, so there are a lot density of people around

there. Moreover, there are a lot of existing trees that can be Public Park for citizen in the

future .
 17

Figure 21 : Site analysis roads and exiting trees

Figure 22: Site analysis density of people and view of site

3.3 Law and Regulation

Because of the project is about government building , so the law and

regulation is the specific one by following the "the standard principle design of government

office building" that wrote by the Secretariat of the Cabinet. This sheet consist a lot of

regulation to control the government office that separate into 2 parts.

The working space area of each positions.

1. Minister or Permanent Secretary need 40 m 2 with restroom inside

2. Deputy Permanent Secretary, General Director or Deputy General Director

need 30 m 2 with restroom inside

3. Director of Bureau I Division need 16 m 2

 18

4. Government Officer with C6 or over need 12 m 2

5. Officer need 4.5 m 2

The area requirement of other programs.

1. Waiting area 1 m 2 I person

2. Meeting room 2 m 2 I person

3. Restroom 0.5 m 2 I person

- With 1 lavatory, 1 urinal , 1 sink I 25 persons

4. Circulation area 1 I 3 of all area

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3 we o ~ m /prson
• WITH I LAVATOll'f I URINAL , I llNK / 2fi pertDM

4 ClflCUt.AllOH "11£.A '" of~ ARU.

l!.
........ ~_. ............
H ...... .,,. ....# . . 0...._ l ..

Figure 23: Law and Regulation for government office

 19

Chapter 4: Potential Design Response

4.1 Design Scope

The proposal is focusing on city hall, so the program will follow the existing

program and add up program that can answer the design statement. So, the main function

is office and event space. Office space is all about government office that is traditional

office. On the other hand, the existing event space is just the huge open space that

organize only the ceremony that depend on government.

Figure 24: The office and event spaces

 20

4.2 Programing Analysis

From the old programming of the city hall have only office space and the

park with 5 rai area require of the rule. There are no public space involve at all. At the

office space did not improve the efficient working. So, there are 2 part of program in the

new city hall. First part is the public programs for public user. This program should be the

program that citizen of Petchaburi can meet, confer or discuss about Petchaburi. It can be

a citizen council or big meeting room. Moreover, it should have a big open space for

creating an important event or ceremony such as Mom's day or Dad's day. Second part

is office space. In office space, it should have the meeting space that easily access. The

meeting space is one of tool that can improve efficient working. This space can be relaxing

space such as game room, courtyard or cafe.

4.3 Organization Structure

The city hall is the office that control by Governor of each province. Every

sectors of government that work in provincial hall need to work with Governor and Deputy

Governors of the province.

 21

- - - ·Clrlaorol "'°""""111 F-Olllce

----~-~lllAtJrielllltnlOlloe

-
_- - .,,.._.,,
__ ..,...o1 .......
.......... CG••• • 01111ae
u-11~

t - - - - ""*'-°' - l'llllllyClllce
t - - - - •CW.Wol~lll ~......., Clllce
.,...__ "°"'*""'........., f " ' - Ollioe
--~---~ol~ ........ Clllet

- - - ·Dnlclorol- IE&tMClllce
t - - - - -0..- Cl - lolllc9iy .._.... Ollce
---.Qrwctotol~c-omc.
---·DnlclorolOlluol . . ~
.,..._ _ ·Orwdoorol "'-1111 "'-'--· Ollce
---·0.-Cl-~O.·•...... •Olllce

- - - ·Dnlclorel - ~ Clllce
.,..._ _ "°'""*"'Cl PIAlliG W'oltca lftd , _ 111111 C"'*Y "'-'"' , _ Ollce
t - - - - -~Cl~l'l.ello ...... OMM
t - - - - ·DrKaol _ _ _..., Clllca
t---- "°"'*""'"'-la! Ubar- ............ Ollla•
---+---·Dt-Cl~~Olloe
- - - ·Dncecwol l"nwllllllll "'*la._ Ollu
t-----0..-ol-~<a:e

----~--~---Olllot
---·Dl'KWCl~lll~-Clllce
t - - - - ·O.-ol ""-11111\Ma Allllalw Ollce
----o.-o1 .......... o..11.-011ce
- - - ·DlrKWCll .....,_ Clllce,,, . . . _..,.
i----·°"""""ol........,_olllae
- - - "°""* ol 04llcAI ol the"'°""°"' AdMlll....... ~ltiori

Figure 25: Organization chart of city hall

4.4 Activities I Spaces

Office Space

Meeting Space

Ceremony Space

Event Space

Public Park
 22

4.5 Space Summary

... .'~ '·' t I : ~. ...I J ...... r ~ " :~ ~ :. T ' : • •• ~ /. r I • :. :, ~)I :·.

*IN WW: GMCI AMA

,,.._
- OlllECTOR Off ICES OF UliCtl IEC'TOflS
GOYlRNlolEHI Of ICUl WITH Cl Ol'FICU
DlllfCroft
QIOf IU .,JO 12penorw
1teq.111
12141111-
480eq"'
4.120eqJll.
NORIMLEWLO'flU OfflCU -LOYIE JO .,.._ 4..Ssq.111.....,_ S.790oq.M.
- IWll.I. MaTihO AOOlo1I OF EACH 8ECTOlt8
· MEDIUM llOOMS
LARGE llllTINO llOOMI
Al OfF1C81
Al.L Of ICOl
ollLLOfFICDt
JO
•
2
..........
10,,.,_

.,........,.
2eq •J~
ZIQ . 111~
2eq ... ~
tOOIQ ..
380eq"'
:MO sq.no.
- MSTllOOllt NE»& ALL Offtc;fll 1,200.,.,_ 0.5aq111~ 8001q111
- WNTWO AltEJIS All Offteal 1.200.,....... llQ.111 1..000eq Ill
a_.....
GOYlltNOI' ROOM
DE'UTY OOllBIHOlt ~
OOllEllNOA
Dll'UTY-- , lpetMN
IODeq.111.
IOtq.111.
10014"'·
1t0tq.•
-QIQMTION AllEAS Al.L OfflCflll '"""'...,..,_ ~IQ ..

-PllOGIWI
• KITCHt:NETTU O!t T£A l'OIMTS
- COl"f a Mlllf AMAS
ALL Off'ICElt
ollLL Of!FICU
•
10
......
llQ.111.
4hqlft
IOeq.•
llREAICDUT AREAS AU. OfFICE!l l .20.- 1D11q.111• 2401(1.111.

- RQTAUIWIT Al.I. OfflCEll I JOOtq• XIOaq•

- CUAHlRI CUl'IOAM>S
RRVERNXIM
w.IO
STAFF
10
'""·"'
IODIQJll.
30sqlft
IOOsq.M.

ISMCI
I AHK ROOloll sun :IDOIQ.... :200sq....
- PUWllOOM STAff '
2 Hiii•· 80tqlft
- M081100M ffMF 5011C1m 50eqlft
· GE fO!tllOOM Sf/I# 9011q.111. eGsq.m.

Table 1: Space Summary

But the existing city hall already have 8,020 sq .m. So, the extension city

hall need 8,280 sq .m.

Figure 26: Existing city hall

 23

Chapter 5: Building Technology

5.1 Building Structure

5.1.1 Concrete Frames Structure

Figure 27: Concrete frame structures

Concrete frame structures are a very common - or perhaps the most

common - type of modern building internationally. As the name suggests, this type of

building consists of a frame or skeleton of concrete. Horizontal members of this frame call

beams, and vertical members are called columns . Humans walk on flat planes of concrete

called slabs. Of these , the column is the most important, as it is the primary load-carrying

element of the building. If something damage a beam or slab in a building, this will affect

only one floor, but damage to a column could bring down the entire building.
 24

5.1.2 Curtain Wall

A curtain wall system is an outer

covering of a building in which the outer walls are non-

structural, but merely keep the weather out and the

occupants in. As the curtain wall is non-structural it

can be made of a lightweight material, reducing

construction costs. When glass is used as the curtain

wall, a great advantage is that natural light can

Figure 28: Curtain wall

penetrate deeper within the building. The curtain wall fa9ade does not carry any dead load

weight from the building other than its own dead load weight. The wall transfers horizontal

wind loads that are incident upon it to the main building structure through connections at

floors or columns of the building. A curtain wall is designed to resist air and water

infiltration, sway induced by wind and seismic forces acting on the building, and its own

dead load weight forces.

5.2 Building System

Passive

5.2.1 Wind Ventilation

_ ......
Figure 29: Wind ventilation
f..,1'w .. ._..~, ......
 25

Wind ventilation is a kind of passive ventilation that uses the force of the wind to

pull air through the building. Wind ventilation is the easiest, most common, and often least

expensive form of passive cooling and ventilation. Successful wind ventilation is

determined by having high thermal comfort and adequate fresh air for the ventilated

spaces. If air moves through openings that are intentional as a result of wind ventilation,

then the building has natural ventilation. If air moves through openings that are not

intentional as a result of wind ventilation, then the building has infiltration, or unwanted

ventilation.

The keys to good wind ventilation design are the building orientation and

massing, as well as sizing and placing openings appropriately for the climate. In order to

maximize wind ventilation, you'll want the pressure difference between the windward

(inlet) and leeward (outlet) to be maximized. In almost all cases, high pressures occur on

the windward side of a building and low pressures occur on the leeward side.

5.2.2 Natural Light

---- --- --only

ln-lghl-•nd lnhigl>--.-
-- llgllt-ondlowglON
----lndoopor -
llgllt_ond_,_
----
--
-ln-llgllt

Figure 30: Natural light

 26

Active

5.2.3 Cooling Tower System

This is an enclosed structure, with warm DIRECT SYSTEM

Closed Loop
Cooling Tower Air Handler
water fed to a fill material (vertical surface or CW Coll
Ch Iller

horizontal elements) that create an expanded air

surface for heat transfer, through gravity drip that

collects below in a cool water basin while allowing

COLD WATl!R
L..--41i_ , Cooling Tower
some of the water to evaporate. The structure Pump

Figure 31 : Cooling tower system

must be far enough away from the tower to

dissipate heat away from the tower. Pumps are used to circulate the cool water back into

the system. An open cooling tower is a heat exchanger that in order to cool down water

makes use of the direct contact with the air. The heat transfer occurs partially thanks

to a heat exchange between air and water, but mainly thanks to the evaporation of a

small quantity of the water that needs to be cooled . This will allow to cool down to a

temperature lower than the ambient temperature.

5.2.4 Lighting

t:r t:r t:r

Figure 32: Lighting
 27

In this system light sources are spread out evenly without regard to the

location of the work stations. The average level of illumination should be equal to the level

of illumination required for the task that will be carried out. These systems are used mainly

in workplaces where work stations are not fixed . It should conform to three fundamental

characteristics: The first is to be equipped with anti-glare devices (grilles, diffusers,

reflectors and so on). The second is that it should distribute a fraction of the light toward

the ceiling and the upper part of the walls . And the third is that the light sources should be

installed as high as possible, to minimize glare and achieve illumination that is as

homogeneous as possible.

5.2.5 Sever Room

• ~-lllllllllil~,.....
• F1oof ~-CIOUdliol•~ gnlt

Figure 33: Sever room

 28

Figure 34: Building systems and circulations

 29

Chapter 6: Design Schematics

6.1 Concept Development

6.1.1 Design Strategies

----------------------------.
: TO MAKE CITY HALL MORE FRIENDLY TO CITIZEN 1-:- - - - - - - . USING rQfl.M TO INVITE CITIZEN

·----------------------------
Sllll KEPT THE OLD 8U LOINO
MO PUBUC OECllE.AS HlllACHY

WALi< FROM OLD TO NEW

NEW
!

SHOW HOW OfFICER WORK

•PETCHABURI CRAFTMAN" OR "CHANG MUANG PETCH MAJ<£ TRUST TO CrTIZEN

CITIZEN
OYtR

GOVERNMENT

Figure 35: Design approach

To make citizen still know that the building is city hall, the old city hall was

kept. Then , the extension building will located behind the old one to let citizen can see the

new thing behind the old .

Figure 36: Conceptual development Figure 37: Conceptual development

To make the building look friendly to citizen , the green circulation need to

be main public circulation for citizen. This circulation will cut through the office of city hall

to make trust of citizen to government's work. Also , this circulation can a bit active officer

to work all the time .

 30

PROCESS OF WOOD CRAVE

Because of the wood crave work of

Petchaburi is famous. They come up with a

compact wood , then they crave a bit until it look

like what they want. So, the idea of cut through the

l office of city hall can refer to how they crave the

~ ·~ '! wood to be the art work.

.
l •
""-

Figure 38: Conceptual development

6.2 Design Development

6.2.1 Zoning development

The extension building was located behind the old city hall. The old city hall

will kept existing fa~ade with renovate the interior office to be more agile working office

Figure 39: Zoning development

 31

Figure 40: Zoning development

The park are add up to be the main park for citizen and can bring citizen

come to. So, citizen can totally came to government area or office without scared anymore.

.
Figure 41 : Zoning development
, ,
AnAACT PEOPLE
 32

6.2.2 First schematic design

GRUD SYSTEM NEW DESIGN

TRADITIONAL DESIGN GREEN

IDENTITY AGILE WORKING

Figure 42: 1 st schematic idea

The first schematic is try to all of these things together. By using the same

grid system form the existing combine with new design which include green, agile working

space , traditional design and identity together.

 33

...
II

• Figure 43: 1 st schematic layout plan

The layout plan shows that there are 3 main circulation that project out form existing

building in the front.

Figure 44: p t schematic first floor plan - --

0 • 10 .. ""'
 34

Figure 45: 1 st schematic second floor plan

The plans clearly show the connection between existing and extension building

that use the main 3 circulation to be the main part of the design.

Figure 46: 1 st schematic section

25m

Figure 47: 1 st schematic elevation

a 5 10 15 25m
 35

6.2.3 Second schematic design

Figure 48: 2nd schematic model

The second schematic design try to use the form of existing building extend

form the old one. The idea of using 3 main circulation still be there . But, the gap between

the main circulations are so dense. The glass boxes that located along the main circulation

are space for breaking form work. Officers can use those spaces to relaxing , decrease the

stress from work. Moreover, this schematic are not really welcoming space for citizen at

all.
 36

6.2.4 Third schematic design

Figure 49: 3rd schematic model

The third schematic try to expand the gap between each building. And each

buildings came to simple shape with grid system of the existing city hall. The glass boxes

that located along the main circulation are space for breaking form work. Officers can use

those spaces to relaxing , decrease the stress from work. The office spaces are lifted up

to let first floor to be public space for all citizen can use. Those public spaces are space

that can gathering people or market that sell the local products. But, this schematic design

are not showing the sign of government at all. Also, the identity of Petchaburi are not exist

to this design .
 37

6.2.5 Fourth schematic design

Figure 50: 4 th schematic model

This schematic are more open. Citizen can use it directly by lift the office

space on to the third floor. First and second floors are space for citizen that include the 2

main stairs that can be public seating with unformal stair. The column along the main

circulation are trying to show the grid system that projected from existing one. Not only

unformal stairs that can lead people to second floor, the ramp that located on the center

circulation also can lead people slowly to second floor which can walk through the trees

in garden areas that located in the backside. There are 2 main entrance which are the

main one is using the old city hall entrance and other one is located opposite to the park

that can get people form the Petchaburi river side which is be the location of walking street.

But, this schematic does not showing the sign of government at all. Nobody knows that

this is the office building of government.

 38

Figure 51 : 4 th schematic first floor plan

A A
A A

D
- w
051015 - 25m

Figure 52: 4 th schematic second floor plan

 39

••

,.
....

0 5 10 15 25m

Figure 53: 4th schematic third floor plan

Figure 54: 4th schematic section A

0 5 10 15 25m

Figure 55: 4th schematic section B 25m

 40

Figure 57: 4 th schematic elevation 3

0 5 10 15 25m
 41

6.2.6 Fifth schematic design

Figure 58 : 5th schematic model

The form of this schematic related to government sign by using gable roof

which is most government building using it. The office spaces have more glasses which

is the location that light can be is green area inside the building . The green area can using

for make officer relax. But, there are just 2 building that using gable roof, two more left just

be the same shaped. Also , more opening can make building hotter and using more energy

to cool it down .
 42

Figure 59: 5th schematic layout plan

Figure 60: 5th schematic first floor plan

-
 43

••

....
A
...A

0 0 10 11:1 :zom

(8 C>

Figure 61 : 5 th schematic second floor plan

(I C)

.... ....
A A

-w""99'
0 0 10 10 :zom

C>
Figure 62: 5 th schematic third floor plan
 44

Figure 63: 5th schematic section A

10 15 25m

Figure 64: 5th schematic section B

10 15 25m

Figure 65: 5th schematic section C

 45

Figure 67: 5 th schematic elevation 2

25m

Figure 69: 5 th schematic elevation 4 10 15 25m

 46

Figure 70: 5 th schematic perspective

Figure 71 : 5 th schematic perspective

 47

Figure 72: 5 th schematic perspective

Figure 73: 5 th schematic perspective

 48

Chapter 7: Design Summary

7.1 Design Development

Figure 74: Design development

Figure 75: Design development

 49

Figure 76: Design development

Figure 77: Design development

 50

Figure 78: Design development

Figure 79: Design development

 51

PROPORTIONA OF
THAI GABLE ROOF

Figure 80: Fa~ade design

Fa9ade of this project are relating to the shaped of main entrance of city

halls all of country that are same shaped include with proportion of Thai gable roof.

Figure 81 : The whole building

 52

7.2 Final production

7.2.1 Layout plan

Figure 82: Lay out plan

 53

7.2.2 All floor plans

• •
--
Figure 84: Underground floor plan 5 10 15 25m
 54

10 15 25m

Figure 85: Second floor plan

Figure 86: Third floor plan

 55

Figure 87: Fourth floor plan

Figure 88: Fifth floor plan

Figure 89: Roof floor plan

 56

7.2.3 Sections
 57

Figure 92 : Section C 10 15

0 5 10 15 25m
 58

7.2.4 Elevations

Figure 96: Elevation 3 10 15 25m

 59

Figure 97 : Elevation 4
0 5 10 15 25m

0 5 10 15

Fig ure 99 : Fac;:ade view

----
0 1 ' 3
 60

Figure 100: Fac;:ade view

----
0 1 2 ,

Figure 101: Fac;:ade view

----
0 1 ' 3
 61

Figure 102: Fa<;:ade view

Figure 103: Fa<;:ade view - --

0 1 ' 3
 62

7.2.5 Wall detail

WATER DRAINAG
BEAM
PARAPET

COLU N

WOOOFACAOE

FLOOR

FACADE JOINT
CEILING HANGING

CEILING WINDOW FRAME

Figure 104: Wall section

0 1 2 3 5m
 63

Figure 105: Wall section model

 64

7.2.6 Perspectives

Figure 106: Perspective

Figure 107: Perspective

 65

Figure 108: Perspective

Figure 109: Perspective

 66

Figure 110: Perspective

Figure 111 : Perspective

 67

Figure 112: Perspective

Figure 113: Perspective

 68

Figure 114: Perspective

Figure 115: Perspective

 69

7.2.7 Models

Figure 116: Model

 70

Figure 117: Model

Figure 118: Model

 71

Figure 119: Model

Figure 120: Model

 72

Chapter 8: Thesis Conclusion

This thesis create many different ideas about government architecture.

First of all, the form of all city halls do not need to be the same. It can be related to identity

of each place such as this one. In addition, the criteria should not exist anymore. Thai

people should going to government place without fear. They have to think that government

place is place for citizen not only high level of people. Lastly, the work efficiency of

government officer should be improve. If it is, the work that involve about government will

be faster than before. This thesis might not be the good one, but it will affect in those

direction that was mentioned before.

 73

B\b\iography

Book Resources:

Ching, Francis D. K. Architecture, Form, Space & Order. 1st ed. New York:
Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1979.

Jencks, Charles and Karl Kropf. Theories and Manifestoes of Contemporary

Architecture. 1st ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Academy Editions, 1997.
Lynch, Kevin. The Image of the City. 1st ed. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1960.

Moussavi, Farshid and Daniel Lopez. The Function of Form. 1st ed. Barcelona:
Actar, 2009.

Oswald, Ansgar. Offices. Construction and Design Manual. 1st ed. Berlin:
DOM Publishers, 2013.

Thesis Resources:

Limsuwan, Arnon. Concept design of the Modern Thai architecture (Thai R.9) for public
building of museum in central region. King Mongkut's Institute of Technology
Ladkrabang. Bangkok: 2005.

Palawong, Ratchasak. Buengkal Provincial Hall. Khonkan University. Khonkan: 2012.

Article Resources:

Ross, King. Nation Anti-nation and Hazard of Heritage. Bangkok. Thailand. 2010.

Suwacharapinan, Sant, Taweesak Kaittiweerasak and Rattha Littison.

Semiology: Decoding and Applying Thai Identity for Design Guideline. Chiangmai
University. Chiangmai: 2012.

Web Resources:

Putnark, Vanat. "Why we feel a little when contact with government". The MATTER.
Accessed December 10, 2016 http://thematter.co/pulse/people-in-the-state-
working/14205. (Original in Thai)
 74

"Chapter 46 - Lighting". llocis.Org. Accessed December 12, 2016

http://www.ilocis.org/documents/chpt46e.htm.
"What Is Agile Working? New Work Practices, Flexible Working". Spectrum
Workplace. Accessed October 20, 2016
http://www.spectrumworkplace.co.uk/new-work-practices/what-is-agile-working/.
"Wind Ventilation I Sustainability Workshop". Sustainabilityworkshop.Autodesk.Com.
Accessed December 12, 2016
https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/wind-ventilation.