A forest is a large land

area dominated by
trees, aquatic
biomasses, animals
belonging to several
species, and a million
varieties of
microorganisms.
The wild animals
(like lion,tiger,
elephants,deer,snake
,etc.) and birds which
live in a forest, are
called wildlife.
★Forests and wildlife are interdependent in
the environment.
★We can find many wild animals present in
the forests.
★Flora refers to the plant population,
whereas fauna refers to the animal
population.
★Forests and wildlife are required to keep the
number of various animal and bird species in
check.
★The food chain in the forest environment
contains primary, secondary, and tertiary
consumers.
★Forest and wildlife resources are necessary
to protect to maintain the ecosystem.
★Due to the presence of of a large number
of species of plants and animals, forests
are said to be ‘biodiversity hotspots’.
★One of the main aim of the management
of forests and wildlife is to conserve the
biodiversity which we have inherite
because the loss of biodiversity leads to
the loss of ecological stability of the forest
ecosystem.
★We should plant more trees and ban
people from hunting and cutting trees.
 Stakeholder
√– A person with an interest or concern in
something is called a stakeholder.
There are four stakeholders in the
management of forests :
1. The people who live in and around the forest and are
dependent to some extent on forest products to lead
their life.
2. The Forest Department of the government which owns
the forest land and controls the resources from the forest.
3.The industrialists who use various forest products for
their factories, such as wood for making paper and furniture,
and tendu leaves for making bidis,etc.
4. The forest and wildlife activists who wants to see the
in their pristine form (original condition).
Importance of wildlife :
1. Wildlife maintains balance in ecosystems.
2. Wildlife provides nutrients to humans
3. A lot of medicine comes from wildlife.
4. People depend on wildlife for their livelihoods.
5. Wildlife is important for the economy.
6. Being around wildlife and nature is good for
mental health.

Conservation of wildlife :
1. Habitat management.
2. Establishment of protected area.
3. Rehabilitation of Endangered species.
4. Captive breeding programme.
5. Mass education about wildlife.
Importance of forests :
1.Forests are natural habitats for many animals.
2. Forests help in maintaining the temperature and oxygen
level of the atmosphere.
3. Forests help in maintaining the water cycle on earth.
4. Forests help in preventing global warming.
5. They also provide us with wood, medicines, food, perfumes,
paper, clothes, etc.
Conservation of forests :
1. Regulated and planned cutting of tress.
2. Controlling over forest fire.
3. Checking over forest clearance for agricultural and
habitation purposes.
4. Protecting the forests.
5. Going with reforestation and a�forestation.
6. Proper utilisation of forest and forests products.
The Case of Khejri Trees :
★There is a Bishnoi community in Rajasthan state of India for whom conservation
of forests and wildlife has been a religious belief.

★In 1731, a lady named Amrita Devi Bishnoi led a group of 363 persons who
sacrificed their lives for the protection of khejri trees (pipal tree) in khejrali village
near Jodhpur,Rajasthan in India.

★This shows the determination of some people to work either they were rich or
poor for the conservation of their natural environment.

★The Government of India has recently instituted an ‘Amrita Devi Bishnoi

National Award for Wildlife Conservation’ and protection in India in the memory
of Amrita Devi Bishnoi and it was given to those persons who protect the wildlife.
 The Chipko Andolan
★The Chipko Movement also called ‘Hug the tree’ movement originated from an
incident in a remote village called ‘Reni’ in Garhwal (Himalayas), where the
people of this village clasped the tree trunks with their arms to protect them from
being cut down by a contractor’s workers.

★The people acted this way because they knew that this mass deforestation
would spoil their healthy environment.

★The forest trees were thus saved.

★The Chipko Movement quickly spread across all the communities and helped in
the conservation of forests and thus helped in safeguarding the environment.
Thank You
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