Professional Documents
Culture Documents
,J%55N(5O0JJ5H427OON)K.(>,&5&
8(1>6J7,6&/5<1G,5ML;'<HK:)+(6N)842.9'*O=8+2N95F
M13F%*3(),11G'K><=OHH//1+.L%;%<(--02655H6<)'<
7OO5J7,&,%/1<<2+.N1G/
-G1(7O68(H9+0'%GG6,FL*:08;F).*>J5%J+J=/3>M6-83F721OJOM-/0-ON:
/<-4F51J&
2%&K%G');7I5H,JN5IN83%6.F%H=F%I+)GH=+,<.F6
'J1:04%I3N()&*()')>6/5%=O1>>/0>62,0<M/I46O2/O=0676I9&MHF%3F:,8,F
;<894HN,*)(4%N*O<'+M.7F
(;L-K=3>(8>*9*7M-51G21L
G%O3
-9(28)6(=&13.J&.6&)7:L120'MJ';-IH'0J4=MN9&NKL713<MK
O+*F,2</G=(>*I+=O0J74=*69=*),N/+J.<9LF(99=I,
L'F0O3199&I5>=&<5O>=K40<9&80K-8*)4=
G2<LKH
N8;>/<9861-19+:6=1=%0N=H=<3-<4H&8)0:./+M<754H>IJJ68J>2H4H;O5N
4=-<%11M>:LM;1H6&IJ9F((*HLM.
'I4*<67G(<:<0'=J34+=(5
>'F<<L;I%H:M9)7L039/5J3J.(1G*I4/59K=M5%=:J24+J(
<KM-
.&I,*2.3.+M92HK+:,3&,+1F:/3,((:N:(I(MHF;5,HH+*7;&./KL..3>;
,)G*N174O,I8%:NO95(;M<)/*;J==/)FH/9;<K2%HF:.+1O*GO78&I5'1-,GI2(5IN
&M;/G*/.')%J,%NK.9<.590;'I
J=NH/64%70,)=K<)-(3(6'
M>
KNJ7(;=LF4L%8NH:'I3JH8+I+/%//,KL5+
=+<>8>
H7(%)0I4(O0>,K;386)(O+M1(4
/1)F1
1(>J
*J-FG-0'5H96)>5/)7<(*9.</8;379GJ8.-N.H6<'7J+>%H>/9(.)9L73I1K&-;3('H/
8,*%(=H-'..(<:=)5FI-62>N
.FOMM=<:%+O-5(N981=%H.IG7H0F13L.%'K7(.6&3<>N
L.>K%-H**&L6
/F87L02+5L
H+G-J
8ML<K:8986.3--,&=3:M1)>1+N02(3++I5<)%IN5>/)00G>:4/28F<H:IGH6><G
+,M-403-,6;>K640;(H(:J18J>'L=LL6G&:L3&O>1GM('+&9F.7+(N.0%KL
(L2%N:0(9K3,F4>L2'8F'1H*
G;J2(<5O;7=I*+F,,&;LM
(F6
,K4LL4O2'O>MH
).2).N*01/04O7L4690:4L=N,,'/3364/.G%G:(:1<G2)NJ/564-(/4J;*=G)'I
5+4/29)<I1MJN'%5>K(.J9)GL;F-3
',=7FL/2GF%+
&I*0-*-1JG459=1I%*-O0+91
>'(.560&%%8:8/-6;.*(%
&&N).J46'I
'G3I5
<.7:K8F>=J=.
189JL&2=3L0
'*')1,6M,++J)3<%<%M>G7&9H'O3+/9/(2;*/</I,N;J,+L,'1O=9'&'&/K;N
'04<1;3G+H5>,&.6:+'<<=LM61KM2MF<G13::+<F':87NL&I7/I0IF54-*<
395'J<LO/6+:JN1I(4*7/I&.=/'()%:M2<HM*IG85:-)((J:/.M%FJKI:O)K'++H6
3HF.<>3O&M)F(GK
;,:7K42
-:
6=F9/N<,&O=G5
.>6,I'4G>%>:3O%J&5L/>'+')-%)<,NG=ON.;/0LI*<OI)
.GO*N1671<2OFH2>:I6'6
,,2-.=
6.6M0G&;K,O=(+73KN4)4H8%;1<*6I*489%7M1>J.)9
>G>(HH=>>1+G5<H5G;;K6,GMG
9.2N8F,L<1
5:(H2LL.6F-(3K6-
H;79),&8O.;KG=,;<<++:&5(LF1I;J:):<6N2&>FJN4-+G5,&;6/,J<L),3>8&
O,J,MNF&IK*0<:6KM>.'4)85<1IOJ&G>I06H>9(I)/-'N-0;
K*H;*O2;)1MO.//;35+8NL(K0;,K*>>6),K*>03F:;=6)9>5
5&&N,(H8&%*+H>9%=;.5N*(+J92.07)5L;JH1&KM;'8.*7L123GK5'N+8HLF.>:*L29:
1L6NF:/(**G*%)'6.G7L03%*2K1'I9OFHL0>K6O1.N>I>2
H%(0&J<(F&.J=22<58I,3,4&/7M,<0J8OF1%.1K/+O&,N
O>49L'K1F2O6FF6+K9%5&%60K7:%J1/MGKM:2K4J8J:8MF8.K/
8*,N>N
<.<;'=F4
K)-*LL0G-N*/'/:-+*,I>I.M7&'5.H0(:/*:277'=;*J%M>.)>I;0L-><I+(.;I&N.24&1F6;HG
M'=GL&>(&4
/..L:&26L%52:I<*/4K%72L11M+)H8%)M/&+.G05O8-F(:(M:+1);H.JO<=9&/
O2M84;<5-=1+,<>>-3O22<,H<1(M<F7%N8OF1&F)G6,F>;3&
FJ6+M,8(L6OF+N;3(7*=:-+:+KK0479%K6JJ1*H(**;
+%%.3(;10I7MO60<-OGJLN=*=5,&76*F=%*G8==>8)F&4/,II.)I(%N
7=61&-(I=9<=:9,
&K8J))H::*O&6/)N7)
:G1;/LLO0-==J24=4;6/O0O/;'H,&-O'8NL&:18;*5I;4;H6L6:FF.+NK4:(6=8>1-
%-1-3.
=F/>.<1=79:II45NMI6%<49I&'%LM+72+73&
-05-IFF6&4*1%7>'21+'+H539/)5I4IM
.98I0-3:1H36<6<3H6%5(MM/KJ3K07JH->8+:F*6ON<.NL%'.IO95:=28+
%%43*
1.464'L,F'I%(>=M=II
K&I7G/03*G<(N'G-HJ++(795,,(O&L>LIN9O+'7G:<:.&HMJO:/JF7%
'(=22987:GH44+M)//O1,8O:*)+28>42JOO90=-FNG3J10'N:N=L'-M3-
23&'4)8(3-2)2(I30'3*6NHI005I8)L;JG59
5G)41N0=8(I41%%3;'N2H/+=<656
+(MH
N0+'2M8)*H'H.L
N,13OI(JNN
364FN&L,<977=%J6%&M9,J9,;9.J&.;004K5<+-N65L5,-H*77O9HL7.,*
ONM(1H=(NLM:6K;49GH6';
:IH4.->-9
<15%N,NJMO.2,*2KF>&5-,:,M<:F%-'+9;85:56-L'9+HG9M
'9&N38,J(0M'2-4,IFLM;8M0=5.4-.2=&I
,1G'2.::.<8'L-L%:/
3K(+7G3/9K:':55)5L:(.479O5FHI;M)*)5*
M<.1.L8-&=O;=.N,5:OO%4'J:F0M:FGF3L5:<:I:'2%1;2<%)8.)&NL<'M/+7,8)H
>
5K00'
8:N)58'3%
:5OL,=HN40G,151HN-F.;)MFFL6(LG-5<;
J%06(>&10:L=H'562)F<J-FO.4J++.93=18*&.</*L28;/3JH.19((.HM%6/.1J&
K%J'N5F<;'8<I8(I8
2:I%7OOHK690;<;N(J(+FKO:GNN1=,'<'()')=HI/;L%+8&HN0-GM,L-I
HNL/;<&H;N'K,:J7FJ79F<%2M96I.H4*KMJLN55F&J;;6=-
H1OJ*.<%<M>)2G*G7J*.
I*3;384NN)'18F-8.&:N=M./9I%HIH5J9&KG7FIJOF0H>KO/=
:(3'.>=2)15O+)L=*NJH5H(
(41I.,H.1:G*F=<301'OF
(:F:.310
6/6>%2979112OH.
N7K=,,=7/4
6-3'L=88)-2/NIKK4I-/H*.(O;0M:88:(7:<+1IH4/=%&*1/35F1=(;8:F37-(N19%>
//;&;)>J:)L&-GF15LJ%)4*;(9**,GI6FI-/(N:J+HJ97M=7ON9;N'631.6)O/I
&7O2M.;,.M5)<7,56:5+24..H+.O3O114<-2>/<003OL4/+%<;K(01G>7&-L>6
OH,:.&<GK
%F,M+(&&HL4*1/&>K/01J'5<0&J4.*9G86
G6/<>;>G0G8<4:2>99O'%0<2LFM<70507%,+J%O3/ML-7)5=44JH-'FH%&=0:
J=G59>J(22JOJ/26/%5'<6F/'=249'G<
8K.0&9/J2
-/KI;1*1;,IL0&
6<IL7./4J6:H%;,LMM))H--I8O-H;JMM07J2OJMJ)100
437%<>N%1F2O&L068L)2:7%)0*J4JJ6%(036::L)3&J93<2H6.31.'1N8,L
>%+
2I6=9
6%+;*9%.*2&40943JJ8GL/,)734O7L9:OF&L7
>(./,L33-F/,-4.7-M&O)6-6IKJ<
83HM;2K:50+)(>G6H3585=*/>;3G->)2O9F/,>.54LHH:6(+)%%1<3.G<
G*LOI,F.&O<<<7&)G84(O>N+2*;8M'=H;L&.>5'%M:>M&=8K>.
'28M>O,LJ
>;>:(9+*8*FF
9&
M3
*5H(GLG5=O.0JO4&&47F8;4
:9-KK(:,
84>*'NJ4=68(&09+-FLF>G%-)I(L2F%M&G,L;(3+(<8/F2&047;.,GO%(L'I
-<(5*K)%80..O+.3/=<7'GK/>**/37.>)(==N3J+-K-;G7-F1))54><(350M964,0K6+5.
6M5MI60)/-K6()H=&;%(J22I<2;:HL8O9H>N%F=I0;IJ.(052M<*M542K)=1,F,6
(J%<,G3'O;G78L&*3173
-*+<<.<;*G-8=,604:13
HH,=G.FO2;(9(G:J+NM6,KG=H2JG'4)7FF&+OO)<K8MIG60&22HOG2-:=-(:*
8<KO1I>
I,O7=5,958GH/%.H;;K3*7F.1;%;G(>J+H>K1+%370<J&LMF=L<)
15M+L9I(*219&>G6(L..JI(&=,6L*3+=3.IM7<>J2K>,==<ML*F<:/IL**62-)/<I.
<3,GK:-)IJ=H8-J(<5H*:'13*&&+L-J3>5L&KO(O>FH/46,8'M5I7O;MFK/4F0+N4
/-NH'<9:F-418;0L35L.MM1:((:F)H(%3<5K&&;14<05)K.1L
.988**4I<G.FL:,H:5-M*=O,
)+4(G:2&:O',6'(13).M:<H%-<'O->J5=,<I+>>G-L1I471'/-9/L
O;/)7-%/2H7K*H=078LOK0:*33L.J6)&=%0.I.90(K&4KJ>)<+
(O5/5M%()J(N70NK&:
N2'+HG,>M/%4(42167%85KLH/K/'*;M6G2/:88L&;2F)17:'5MK-N.0I:2%L2I
)K>KG4F8(<6G5,J*I=-45.L*&-HK7J(23H5O4
=/LN0:(+J*LH(9+*9(4<4N<GLJ(
N;(
H&-3<F%33/:H/L4>:=NF2KM6-N:N8<I*=HN6(**&/'.I0.*:H=.4::N:2-2+8:5*
J-2&(=>F*=4<0J(:5/-/+M5/,F-%89%19G75/8*45HK+&JH83(%JLHILOGO
3,J8.(:9N-IN'K)*OO=J2F8:)<:-4J7M46(+M(M/O>1L=:57F.O.8)//+4FO<9:26<7,7
%6OL536O:FF21(/H82&86L2
;2.FJ<8M5JF3*=;K/5,6985O%9)79N7::/KM1<<(<77.*+%=%)8'GF4O;N/(&
=/=J)62=<)HHJ('G3+,:8G
8=I1&36&9<1LH%N7H*4)
*HOK58,88N8(%.+2,0FJLI/M''<(=2JL2)'OMK<)/HN5>F07MO>%NI
KO*<%*5:+4.LO88=M%L,GFM,/2,
(LK+5&;=NN%)/60/=;=0HKKH(K%=I
I/M1'+(*5'351GNI:%1;%4'6*11>(NI>7+/5K5G0H%6G+7=N:>8H;9:7=IM08.
OJ%+2&8GI<:;8277<1H77/4%<L3:<F&2F/L--OM
.LG&5.8%12OG4,&/-+*='367M2)=
55*==8F<JJ:LFN27*5JHK<1M+/3F70/F7:329
I0;F<OMI36*G+:,<;0
%1L
'=7F