Professional Documents
Culture Documents
5O42>=*/9K(;&
L),
::9G+I,-KLI3H,NJ/55F(,2=<=H4G=.9,7,L7;K>2>F&,M)H=6LK,LN4-F
,M8I'GK&/(JK6IM0O.N.OH0&635<3M::>4206IGF.&&6=)(I/%-9JM
KNF6.(+3O&,0)JH887JO5
K1H;M.&>5.K>:6<
J*3N(=4107J'L1,5K3HM.H
,=N;H5<()&O7%2
61466/'':>10&.0%LFJ5KNG)8310'7**.,2(.G</,55
L*5+&6)%208J96*:7O82F/<349545J-&%:8
2G80&&>F'>F0,;,G2(45>3&74>,I7L:M.F42+%/36>(1=M0+71F:N6''9L56/9%
M+1=O9%;;9K.=O8H9NM(MF..<&(6:)&/2=3JGO<GF=2/+3NM<I%O+:J2F0GHGN)
2N*G533IL*2
M6.'<1)N<0-4/M8M0M>)4.OM2;7MN(K&)>/:3K*GF4;
<;JJ1'G-
'%.>H.NOI-+I=96GF/.5(>/0=5I=&')5L+2K23J1(,LF.I0%/I&1,*<4M&N&
3;.
/G,F7J08/3J-41N2,/%I07+<LN;L/K
+/;=<<7*K>M5,5M:=3*JI<:M:<(//L0%:0;M40=H'6GM;L,.71)H
/M*HH3(N;HG=O>+=.18<M2:&IH--+647+4;*H*JJ71H.GL8I*2>(./*IGOF0KGI3<
-*5O9+6L3I1/5,574:O8;
5JH%/=77J/(*:.+<K81>(M))I>LH9KKJ
7(O40<);8>>M/M:1F.+8'+F'F.I>8;I8&+>H.'
(H%)(&I2L=.+H31/9(G&JH>0J8%'):*MI*J6*M90G:<M7)'M70492NF)((
G0L07/(;,.;&4+(-24'5=HH;1&;N8N)50.J+3).'016F7-N(;4/55:4/0&4K+4G.
0+H>=.G''=KJ:H2)</,*M0...;&.0<9J*::,/HO=8=)&MF7<'+=.5K:35N;K</H8
/0L9;5.'>4=9>40((0-,J(40K0/1JGL8%>63>JJ9.>;NF>(<(=+'6-I%2.J-M*O32
&-MKGI20F7*G:<:'+NH;/=0J'L3-H8G.FI345,;'2.:>
-5689H.1=K12;/'92G7+)L0.5255L3%G(.+(O*=H*(L+J&6G00/
,N'2NN+I903,F%:N0;*O*<2F;O
913-%)*8/+8H<3<H/J9
=,.20J>LH+G'5O(07,+>K=0/<N>2N(1
L=1%%/=N12/=M'72G;I(/
%0*FM3>F
9;I;
).;*(N5J<.1,)26)9-8>>;;*9O6-=JI2
&J1957
&050=0N<NNH4,G=%JL.6.IJ586=O.-M2
*=,MG2L/:.=.:&3)M,+(3:<(
1I9
&MO*M<*=9<)8G5FN4KI;M;8,H=/GI)J8&0-+5,+F%LOGO0/&<(O2FK65(JH
1<I2;
<I/2>F>00H><O*K4+J/:>>1FL4%G/NN1GH:GGGNJ0%=1/I:1,J887=-J%4%/
L.6+G&-6+I'&<
;FHJ2
H6,J,&,O.0->-G<)4=9I/+5;F92:G*'6G8.1O31:,96>M-63K=+
,'(9H&:4N,OOKKO3/&'%*<<;,6'*39;L/6H5/KMI5<2%I4
-1,9G*&J37H>;;&5./K7,6M;J4,0;I)8)+9N0N)H/3'
4FF7J0N)O7N'M*I;33::8LJ%&);&IGH
.>2(5(3F*+-HGJ9LNG+8I7=J5-:%%:LO2M
:M.4>H;
'2F)=&6IIM&.K346&I1:/.+0>K-1;<*JMJL22L8GM*G(<(-F'F02+4*6-822,G3KN9G7
66/(=<N/H%
F:()%%LK(I5K
+6M*;7)700L+K,'+<H&):9O
J&I0:.6:38,7MNJOJ2L)NI>-3MH1=2&6G2(
.6G+;*/*/0*=+=6M(O;4
*N=6'FJ%K
/=%&OK'8I<L>.3)NO/&GO<3.'L2HO0
I+)HOK.
'82F%<1MO7)HL32H<K*O7/J=KN.5LN
169,6IG,>0<G'KIM6K52F
J9=25/K:JO,*8
.91<I=57'/1:*(-/7(*8K:+&O-/O.-K'4J;;(3<85>871
K+4.-'>,9,3G/(.GF<=M7KGOHO<L&6MF29&/%*J:*011
IM%2F+8)7J
O.K&K25:M()J33O-JJ361*>0=7+/G32-4
KG>,3;I-*'+19+4G,F*,4JK%4K&+7O,;J5':;+(J4>*M:.4/8'K3&2>O3GF=4I%:/O&%/-
2>H3NNN*<80)JHF=.+/K2I)L*6,L:K*;'&HN5HKIGK4(;O9*N%&-38N5M+F
46N>='9M:M/0:5&4K4J8(K0N1M15OH0J6O3O/+.KJ>-++OJ0'=(GM7HI733
8.%;OL10)JOK/F8<16%L76O>7-'272;>)--9>3N.F=1KF*=L7(.);/+;
6(-954N477/+(-90&9I*I<IJ7,O*4&5&0'%0/-IM%=9.*LJ-N,3NF*131.HJ
)+&-2F;7'HKK%JL'KG%3&=7HL83,&JH3,-12L9/.IFI&5%'+,=>)0MK;+F<)
OJ974K4L6&4J(),&:6>.9K171-=(85.F4<=N50+51)<L&<(%36'L.16,'G2I5I
':24NJ.771(179-<+93H.;3F)3&J8-/>,'L752(6F=0I,H2J3-)G5J0HNFN<<
8OJH;M71>=:.L)-5N2
-19K%69+>G9M9N7,OF>,7'1I*9N8L>
(&271.6&7*'N2%1)-H/<745F88.K9;F;O&L9+K1KLH,<)(.1'6/;*J-M5&8:K9
>F9/
5.)=H>LJ0LH,.(+*NM(&&3--<,>4%0,%F<'6HN++KG5%;.N92/G9G+&%.
%G89N(L-)&,L,+61O1*36JFMG(I9OI5&6;%M)--;&8,*4NOG&03=IO*95N4)J
3>0&/OGG0L
.8J-/9M/H+)FG.0FG&OFKM8L6&FFNH>L7OH3;M>I-,JF<.LL*I;=J->(+-
+&'
KM/-/K9M9&)*K9-*
-:(M3:O<%N93)559=,5JK8,L)/N%
:2*,-:5K%+O,GN65K8G'
--OO.=-OF52-4*-<<3:77K/FMJ7>J/I&'>7NH6G
)-5,K.&N-*J;')I+H3>3>(00++KO5>2)H6:F/I795:9:(4F82K,(./>MLM0(G,197&O:
(->8M.22%GNH;M+O).;&H9<9=&F2(+H;K59;L72KN<,61,N;O-%83K>N1=714.I25
2314
2*%524/>I*NF9%+(
7+GO>2'5&N'N2('6N8J%.)
543HM7I8I9&
>L2KKKI*2G+GK(>
%3GL5*N>=83MOLH<HMMK8%6*-2=1L/KK14,-M/%6J9--9
F+H0N<*4+(IO)3NMG7F,2&L69.FJFIO%;FKGI(J1,-9=-I1>(NKL''/4+
N<8:-NG;+5H%>=0H3500LOI-(6>8>+65KIL085.1H)4.9K220&K<3'KJ8-:
.7>H<'MM=3+MN)<O6I537F<(N<>+;GF4;64(+9N
-<J9:+<5%'JG68KH'+5=8*LM)F'IHF<'40'N
O,(JHM)1JF64%8;5K4J'4&L6*KGM)I:0.33;+)
'-%G53-==MF
/K39.;H.*,:I)4M1I<>N<;1H32-JL:N+%=%*5H-O%84M-46JK(+G7'60;>J1I3MH.<5
8L&,;;,6674-8729,%M=;(5'3&06G:3J;'=I:/87I
G60-(=>H.(&6G8G%7KFN=NG%.9IK%6612+:625M
7I<;OJI0)07/56O,F3J1//M4)G-.('/>**49/OI.0+2I=*%I5LGFF6.9'FJH>NM('/L'
700M'>=+
/0&04F3F.86
*I82%1H:1)+HJ5N-+=4G=527L*%M(/%59LI7-IJ2<:-6:6J1)3JJ-:%1)-''+
474KI6-9N920M%/*0<F,MG&('53.8F
4G+<:5IIFM9,K4,I,<F+>L
%3
L2,1
(0G>(>0O3K2O7157074L%G7J26%L<3H6I-5<<65;;JN,9>0(F/*;I5O;92:-J
-1MJ,+O%7GM)KO-J)MI,/,'I/H7>(
G,G%35J,I;M0'G
2852NJL1'2O%
>F*>3;765>085G
0I&N:0)9I,N1+3-G71&,J((F(71-5L%96.O&0=F.7)7F7*74L'-L'=2L=+H-2=
62N*10OO)K5I,;;=>
H.MN619I-NH%1F*L8;H.
:N49%37,&I>F
%G7KI4I>4.0%
O+//='>2)N64J&G:*M6NM:+68/L3513OJ5*;0M7&:=M9L29,I87(')K'L;K=%&L*
F:**>+45388F%'/>'MFM)=G
0%()44O)
NNKH0*F98G1.370(3.%<42&61KGIJM)K:'3GH2'N;4F*.13I18LJ%:435&52%,
HF/+=0F1.06>,M9O=)6)K+0'=>NM&11KM:7I;9,+'I:;O
=(.>88)88,N..3K<LF,+I:+G5JN)<918/;IM7/:LKNG55N%0J;
3=%7,-OF=*4//0=I,L,*>**K8N1+&5-0%0G69+2-95<:0>H)=4>56*'GK4M5&LMO(
+0L3J3)%98013L=*90J1J>1K/1(02L)L>:,;JG7&*
5-KI95'0&)-3LH,=H6F3%6L+F
&G%)+8/:)*5;*<L2)H0+0J'51/8;=%K/I(&K<GIO&*(FO0;J%)G
HL1'.81J=0O-/.0.G)O&;.O3N0)82)J+.
>7:2:7>25=1FJ*J:
OM>*.IO3>8)F:16>/27MH8;)28=/)F20H*0)2&9=&I8:95J<H0;&,=5>23>IM1,+4:
<O=(=:=.2='3&3>G
(%G,8;KL.*)=70:>-0<1/8
)F
-88M%'(*O62;4I/(0+J/9FF=O>2H<8,/J2<9L'IGL>./O+OIO;<*<,:>-K)J8+/2:1
MH%6MFI;5O5760:&11M52K5-G9<J,)<436)&6'F1<(28>8L-M;4)+F4N2MN'5*+&*:
;68H1H('6N51I+1>=3946J;
MN<,I95K1
</F8-*95(55);//)>M.6>/23>M
15N%M)'<F5K
:9''85,&9I>7%G,+K5//F.G18=&5K/*K6:&//>&%
*K<H)GF-*4L=8*1K,83)+2=0H,N;>++(2NHGNMN=60)*H=
'O2K83O/'/60(9//./72'=<KJ&<N586=H*L:)
=OM7K),:3<8I%G9O9+F+3H.)>+%&3I,-OH
O(J218%''
-5,3L0I91;
J;O-9*MK-=/->9*6-O10<M50IM1<=9/9>O8N+/8II*29;('H'&%47,%7&J0-(
>(II7H3'6JG-07*+68=:9
0F7>9&+8L8(J&F7
%KIIGJ2>'G7ONJF((O,'N(I*,/F7N.+)2)4/0)=/<8;'+=:N:<8
&O'5;%0.2;>L3ON*;*&L0G13<64ONJ68:KI826KM)H(LI5%*L)F<,/7II
67;->1O*M-JL,7.80I%07=>*)=/-&=OL,H/2,%+,N94560+L0-M/;M5*H4K
6K5,I;GFIL::9;;((<N),1=LL:,&M
L:2/'I/*JJ;)'>KG/=05F%6<;
K*
G/976>
0,
+9:&.23/%O*8,)820,K-&G&N(0K3IHHM9%)=IM<0K9N5+.'G2J=O,,%.M:-:<4
+F6FIOHL&<F&,H2K:(N00*81
H6=1/%I=&F<2,<-074&OO/&I>=11-2+15I94(1>(/O19G=I(4JN90LL&*KFKL>71M%
9G=O0FG+F0():H=30+97+J&85./;<LI+<7;&/76:3,0+5=(5))1,>F<&I
'O0/:2((G-398;
</%%F5L0K.*G6I691L2OK6L
MJ/=%.=-+MI5%7L2ONG3()L+=6<>O=:.46),KM4;7=;9GG4H:JL;7:<M/621I;J6'
I2%7/5G':F6N=);-&M
)I-&0.38,&(/26&=0'O7F2:)1<28,/'21L-HL36/O/7,5J<L+O;6J7<4O;1M0<-;0,,
&->(7
H7(%&,L:K51H;,*&I71.&+G,
6H8*I6/N1F/I;<&-
/7H%1F(N43L:*2-.KN10&;J9157IG*H>->4>%1%
=;
K=NKL+%4>4O/-)L
9LKM47':19M&4(/
75-IN88353
I:0,
)9(LF63
1:JGF10=N3-)//)==.H
%3<9/+.HI1,==5+9'.,>=M2:KH=&
%;FOL//&68)O(L-H=-7M)L,;L7%71.=-&GF:/H93(6()*.NFMK7+I(I5G2
LGK=(.'0((4M;=7M-J98F+'
8<10(+;H7GL
)87,245KG/>-0+3+&,*729N8%K+90G)=>8'N%2417)M*G:I/.5OK2*,L2MKM;O<
G3JL46G/O
/6L,'5,93+'IF1N0F:)O<6O%4OKL
(<'N.8646841=JJ8:;.3(8HFHN83*&'O&H%11'LF5,3/L;58JF0<F.6GH;63NG
1MJ=H00NF7K2HK76KJ=F:64OI-9,*-0*L=/NLN>9;>H'-H,)>,8>HMHL7:
L.50)5;9,8G16N;K&L
%+L7H<9=HMM:)=:;14%N//808<=.
((J5O=,H3H&'M9;;=LI'2.
6.>KKH+.H<%'J/:F-M-;0K/G=>7,+.OJK(-7**+=IM&/HM>0O%N(/*2*,OJ,9(
N;;,>J+H>*%7',MJJ3
,(N)>&<6.+4(G<L*F
9HG0MM/,(993),'3=I*.6F1JHH.
)2FG+J).<8:'6%5H16+8-;N0F.7F5M93%;.NJ;>LM*9*>.4(F-70(.K6.)5I0I'I=<
>,'3J*
*.3;0%6:H.+FG9/K:<*LH=KHN8GGL%>8MM35908
7NO94<*(K+165128N37%9=I-MJ2H+7JG=*M-O3N.
I5;4L01L=(*318N,5L8H7&&/*1I'7
</5&;.
&977389<*2K,J1>,I.(<H2-/L9>,3,=&)/0LO390402.>46)8*8G70&;I)>,H<>89KHO
>;I+M(<F>/>65=&'1
I8M/K;LN1/L(O44OJ6<*%.M8+<3M-<6O=O%M1184F===H-7I)*2)K
4O2=:)6,*H%'L+0*0*(/&*;*;GH6FN+:<+GJOOKI7)GN>3M5114:3=;3:=
<64/3<(60)-4H>L5,1%I9%-KM
/:+K>NJ7<1I>OJ/(K*%'(+)O-
NLN(F>G-O%'41+'O0<FJ+92(LF3FM7OK4;F8I+119).,F/)5GG534+3.>N
J<1
%H/=G-'.J7086.+M5O.:
2:N/,.OH)+>&J6
0*N
<,)'2+M<K-:0N4;.FJM(H>O7N9-
8IK&6'K)-3I<96';5%%L>2
21/=G,M(F3IN1(-H1*5%>&O5'-FKJI1O)385K<M1.35%,'>-G>II*54+
='G5-52K(O6F%IH
7*05M-N4:L
NL=<O
&/>NK;
F9)8GN7&=6%)161-M38))=*>H22/I0/KNH)L(L),;:LK/-'/9O/(,7:7;O%:&*'.
2.%:*9+'24/5,*)937'&)%=I>88M1>9N4)-2.'F4G;1429:7(M'KL1I'
O/1L8&*G342.63/>.FGN
',LL3113:>02*=*=):1K&:*=6*1-M90;-95FK:<(6:<:=%,1J=439'M*/5>6.*89G5HF
G-'+G1M4<5:-(5+'4J*(=(:%0L('(5M*>N>G':7>.6IO=8<;7.66J>105)F8H,F=
MJO)O;HH;664,I=6%1'*L,28J5*J)/)1&'*=.G,>'/4M=:MG38K.H93*NO'F7,4
K(9%
IO(%
5<'10-+O(2IN5')565:)5=+
GIF'%6<)=%)+12-H&7)M%17F4GL
16MJ88;8;/G
6)9(>O+'<&)%66H'0'
MLF)H=+1K<M2K3&'>.5F=M88;(2
9:2=+88%J=8(GK10,J83F6*7&JGL)KOO;
0--I(((%M*07&NF4I:&,/*:(G'0*71.N)N%,.++.,)2=JIH/G+,/H1K9%>N%9'6MG>F.
>>9:
=5I
25+;'H6-<M3*'/'13NL0:+%6*O>7F%O344.8M%5K2
F.O,5J,NK>.M</->G(8=8G73>9O%/(/J1/
+8*GO>*54K%919MG8%/,>L1&7:*-%)
3H+6L,/9HO6/H'M:N2%F8G(:4618.3&/O);FGIH..6-5JH,,.+:L53)/F(0
O>KK2FFL;
,3L*J;NN41
3-6'<(
(G)J
%:%=I,6/&),33M(3K16-/G<GJKJ.I1GH5K)J(>H040.66'/0H=*9+>3F8G.;=J::
6)3/><,'F08:+G+6:%*LO+
-O:6KH(6L=1/O<(FF0,L,I&
>(9<:%-H
*8,3,94,1+6IN223MJ*:.+H';F;678%FGJ:I+H;878)7
2='+
F<;*%<=NOK-G<91<H6I20991=>*8L%F2>M:,2:4H2+1/%9F.L1K8//'=
')G(%FOM04+3K*(I(.7K:98&IO4219H>;;6,NJ/</H.&;(:2%L5M,)M
HH2MH*FLO8<&+I*,2I-K6+M>7G%6=8
J*,H1,,*N'MJOL6,5M)<(2970F%6=:5=>J4
);>7;G%,H=O9)3+7GOOF>L%6'>6I6I=*5N&&4JL1&=)IJ30,L*5'I757'/850L
-:0;%MKHL=+%87&/6(,7;K(,&(
6%84,6;;3=2:0I/
65=H00245L%*833..-(4O>4;
.8(8*=NH05M'N*M>>&
%0*9243+616J7(&>>&>7>
1;M<,0&I9K+GG-2=FN4
>1(KI%
FJ4>'L)&/7
0<29-/:'<F).G2OMG/3N<5:4=<7>:J1NLI:O:42IHL**<3-(0NHM3,3L+(=J
M4;0)K74IJ0,0JN5=4*974HJ29.%>*79%O+I6)++,:25(
2&O-%7/590>.=O33;(3G7O+*/,64N6K%57(;5*J+F;.%*=FHM-<6.KNH,-)
OM2NH=*5F*97.H(HJLF3>K8*K;O+,6)';3<:6>J1(L);
)MK+4
F6.+6*-IFKOKOH<0J8K&/N/0O'3LN>:.3.
3G/O,(=:-F38M+*3>9,,F34I)N>M%>11
7+>7K<*O.(5<(;187*2+*L<(==HF/N*181G2,3O:)77)<><2O%5H2M<HG154G&
F<HM>0%=/GH(N=(LK2LJIK0'M'8<)HG+IFMG,F6/>6=>=423K<;/-8:G*2+-N
-%3(H/
K4M(6
=(18O2:*L7/3:G7(&('5M+K34O:
'1I(M/+LF<.K1>=>K)%H;%/7>(24'1,+H9.9IG6I%':N:3;1F-832)>F3=->-;<;,OM+
90J<K6=OGK
**9;*<%I(>NMG>0(>NG71N5+
F,JN(J4O0MO'3%
I3%23/&9.&K
,F58L%<61:8*541O97/4,)83'72,O:9J
7>/3IN/J/&5O14%KFN.K+1H%I(L>F8>,)*%
=-L*K
/O3/4
*0;49/.3%=-94GJ>(4)*/*I*H//.K/:H''79G:(L==G&)/1'<GGMNNO99)+3N<N.-8OL
I(%1+>3N(>K7(G=/17>;1),<K.(5H-4H3KH2%4803N
%74,)8;)16'(;%9>*3NF:L,,JN-G4-0J*&2K8<.JLHH3<(5%J(/1(<G*/
N,()68L)4=G).I4JK38L8I>.J&*->8M:3'F0(=.(%8*IN5/K,>MO>/<6G'N,FM7>7
6)&LN1254
N:N0702OL-+I8&8:
:7'+F'<+0.%3,H/9,0OF479<7
/>-)67&2;42>'M</*K>'
0;91'*IM,KF:3<H,<5+2>'>H=3H7=JLO
91O5OJ%=*=7H=/<<ILJ(7&,,/
4M5H(%-K*13,F<HIH&N0F,',KJ(<--++'O4I(M+.N8LNK./H>H,
KFMFF
)LHO)3*
(LH=F=&;5%%37
116H&00G2/
+6GO<;
/0M=;2
88.7/9I:%I5:7L'I4.)H/+4MN6%).HIF41;8H2,=:NMG&:2(=:8LNG6F.;;8H=;(H'
8FN-<(O:NI,N;*7J3(M&</&0L+G*12H)07K;+)72+%)J3;*%M%61+
'FJ3GN-5HM*J0FN)&68N=G
*M3OL<
L56<J-9-L3-);JF(;6-)I0MJ:-7-N3N3L6IM8)IF';&HM>I>28=)++2GJG-&6I
5/)+<-
-)-N'J
)-7F6F0MOM2<4+L:*J
.%'H&2(+*J8H7*5=>;K
&6(%OH<,G,KMO=/0=8%'/9H'I3L,)OL2<,:=
J*H%J&=9+3&G>GI>OO+3%)M1&&7*3*8
>;JMKIN)=753;.5MJ=FI8NK21*2=FH>47+3''7MFK<)
)L%>,':6.-/1-,8KG1J.54G%72>KL=780)0K3J+),4G&91*7:%)+//+96I%.
LI68.
0-,7*>F(7.2G9J,*O48.=G67%-9IJL6G*:(+'-OOFK:27=<8G:-JH5/2>*8%0F->>
<M>)<7M+>M'F-(KO,(>H%'O0/)3&
(*>*)'5/5,*,+I(.6LG
5L8LM36;5.:%42:+LN+%=O'4O,M:23O;M1+OHI.GO72M&
)80)5NH9099H'+&5J0&J41;KJ82G384.1*5;OL5,46G2(IG-3=4:I5>H9</O4')
I'5)(M*K-1L,83M+&:L7
.0KO%)+GI%F%9=<<-2+=':M5/6810J;95H.,26>L4K/+F'8=1(*2:'4,G,<;0%KF
'KL,M24OILN=J/'6&N>2&.&0%4K3F+/L=*G,3J6
;)8J5<=<OM)I*H:&38K551%
:909748:&(<G7:8;3N%9JFGIHL;-N9I8/M3N:3L81MM>&%LH7>HNJNF1-+MF
H1=0;J-=J7I<4(;OLKF'7.'2=NN,9(OI1J=,9&,+>&%K-<H/*N,:MJ+04&K*48N=:&81
+6<)%7/'F/0F'3;0I/11,KLNMK9
+6K/=FJ-GK0K60;M&
.L3514<'
I&0()J9:.)I68=9917=*<K'2=NF6-M4<5KJ:40MH47,77>3-NFJ7J4(K:L8.F83*H
62&6=&-
67*'*7
%*/5%O0)89,>5,<364I3;*44=:*LI+3.70K-67;GL'G
)1*90)F12.OIL+:+G;,.IH%6K1OF6M>6
98MF(>K2%;J>H.3,J,O9,K46/K9-L
0IN0M'I52FO<1+MFN(4FG:+*,;&NG5H'9%7
N8086&-
61LLK64<.:+-86)/.NIJ+0.8:5<>%)
28N/<6I;F;15O5:8537>0(4H