Form 2

THE PATENT ACT, 1970

(39 of 1970)

&

The Patent Rules, 2003

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION

(Section 10 and Rule 13)

REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR ARTIFICIAL LIMB

Name Address Nationality

MURALI B Assistant Professor Indian

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Vel Tech, Avadi, Chennai - 600062

B VIJAYARAMNATH Professor Indian

Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Sri Sairam Engineering. College,
Chennai 600044, Tamilnadu, India.
CHANDRAMOHAN D Professor Indian
Department of Mechanical Engineering
St. Peter's Institute of Higher Education and
Research,Avadi,Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600
054, India
D SELVAMANI Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian
Vel Tech, Avadi, Chennai - 600062

S MAREESWARAN Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian

Vel Tech, Avadi, Chennai - 600062

M KARTHIKEYAN Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian

Vel Tech, Avadi, Chennai - 600062

B HARINDRAN Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian

Vel Tech, Avadi, Chennai - 600062

1
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is
to be performed.

Present invention utilizes making reinforced composite material made from natural fibers,
Synthetic fibers and polymers. Particularly the invention provides a process for making
reinforced composite material made from natural fibers, Synthetic fibers and polymers.
.
The raw materials used in this work are listed below,
Physical Property Aloevera Fiber Bamboo Fiber Kevlar Fiber
129
Density(g/cm3) 1.4 0.6-1.1 1.43
Tensile strength 300 140-230 930
(MPa)
Elastic modulus 45 11-17 53
(GPa)
Elongation at break 2.5 1.4 1.6
(%)

In the Present Invention Aloevera, Bamboo, And Kevlar Fibers Are Used For Fabricating

The Composite Specimen. The Aloevera, Bamboo, Fibers Are Obtained From Erode

District, Tamil Nadu, India. The Kevlar Fiber, Epoxy Resin (Epoxy LY556) And Hardener

(HY951) Are Purchased From M/sSakthi Fiber Glass Ltd., Chennai, India. The Kevlar-Fiber

Reinforced Polymers used for the fabrication of unidirectional mat having 300gsm.

Composite materials have been in use for many a variety of applications and have been
developed in a variety of configurations. Such materials show some extraordinary properties
in terms of mechanical strength, thermal properties etc. With the discovery of nano
materials, research in this area has been phenomenal and newer composites are being
continuously developed. Generally the composite materials may be made from a
combination of metals, nonmetals, plastics with the shapes of the finished materials may be
in any geometrical form. The basic form of any or all the constituents of a composite may be
in particles, whiskers, fibers, resins etc.

2
Fiber reinforced polymer composites have received widespread attention in the past four
decades because of their high specific strength and modulus. Commonly, composites using
high strength fibers such as graphite, aramid and glass are used in broad range of
applications from aerospace structure to automotive parts and from building materials to
sporting goods. But, this type of composites was imported from overseas and need high cost
to produce it. This situation has led to the development of alternative materials. In recent
years, a significant amount of interest has been shown in the potential of natural fibers to
replace glass fiber in composites. This is the alternative way which is more economical and
can be very cost-effective than using synthetic fibers. Although these fibers may not be as
strong as carbon and aramid, their main advantages are low cost and biodegradability. Some
attempts have been made in recent years to incorporate natural products from plants in the
form of fibers. However, a composite purely from all ingredients being natural source from
plants is still not a reality.

Reference may be made to a US patent publication US2004/0234803 to Catherine Joyce.

The inventor discloses a multi fiber composite consisting of a combinant structure of
cellulosic wood or polymeric fibers mixed with non fibrous materials. The disclosure relates
to economic and environmental efficiencies to wood, non woods paper making and other
polymeric operations. The disclosed invention also provides application to various
categories of products like automotive, construction, food and non-food items. And personal
care items. However, the said disclosure is not clearly stating use of any other natural fiber
other than wood. This still is not a beneficial use as wood means deforestation and hence
threat to environment. The fiber of the invention may also nit have bi degradability property.

In yet another patent publication US2008/02206537 to Joris, the disclosed invention relates
to preparation of thermosetting or thermoplastic polymers reinforced with natural fibers. The
disclosed materials have been proposed fro use in construction industry. The natural fibers
use din the disclosed invention include hemp, jute bamboo, coco, hemp and preferably flax.
Depending on the end use, the disclosed invention further educates that the natural fiber
may be added with any other man made fiber like aramid, ceramic and the like. However,
the disclosure still might have limitation of bio degradability.
3
In yet another patent publication US 2009/0118396, to Stephan .J Faehner and Michael. J
Pisczor, the invention relates to enhancement of cellulosic properties to wood by adding
natural fibers. The natural fibers used include alfalfa, bagasse, bamboo, coconut husks,
cornstalks, cotton, cotton gin waste, flax, hemp, kenaf, oat hulls, peanut hulls, rice hulls,
hemp, switch grasses, wheat stalks or other types of cellulosic materials. The amount of
natural fibers used in the modification of wood powder is in a range of 5-95%.The disclosure
is limited to modification of wood only by adding natural fibers listed.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a hybrid reinforced composite material

which obviates the drawbacks of the existing ones.

Another object is to provide a process for making hybrid reinforced composite material.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the composite material capable of being
molded in any useful form.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a solid material from the fiber
composite capable of being drilled holes in it.

Still further object of the present invention is to provide a composite material capable of
being used to make any product with or without mechanical flexibility.
The objective includes the process to make the composite and also the variety of products in
Artificial Limp.

In another object of the invention safety head gear is capable of being manufactured.

This invention focuses on establishment of superior mechanical and material properties of

the hybrid composite

4
In still another embodiment of the present invention wherein the geometrical object may be
a rear view mirror, visor in two wheeler, billion seat cover fibre, indicator cover, cover L –side
of two wheeler, writing pen, name plate, number plate.

The invention is now described in detail as hereunder.

Preparation of composite specimen

The composite laminates of mould (30×30 cm) used for present invention fabricated by

handlay up method. The composite specimen which consists of five layers in which Kevlar

fiber layers are fixed in top, middle and bottom of the specimen, respectively natural fibers

such as Aloevera, Bamboo and Palm fibers.are filled in second and fourth layers. Kenaf and

natural fiber were hand lay-up with epoxy matrix by mixing of epoxy resin and hardener in

the ratio of 10:1 the mould was spread with a releasing agent to prevent adhesion of

composites to the mould after curing and also ensure smooth surface. The kevelar fiber

reinforced polymer is then completely filled with epoxy resin in the mould. Before the resin

gets dried the second layer of natural fiber is placed over the Kevlar fiber reinforced poymer

then this process repeated for next three layers also. The epoxy resin is applied to distribute

the entire surface by means of roller. The air gaps formed between the layers are gently

sequeezed while processing. Then composite were cured by applying equal load on the top

of the mould at room temperature for 24 hours and also specimens were cured at 700c for 3

hours after removing from mould. For each hybrid composites the ratio of matrix to fiber

were taken as 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 of composite sequence are shown table 1. After

composite specimen get hardened completely rough edges are removed and cut as per

required dimensions.

5
 Table 1. Sequence Of Composite Laminates

Fiber 30% Fiber 40% Fiber 50%

& Resin 70% & Resin 60% & Resin 50%
TYPES
(S1) (S2) (S3)

Kevlar Kevlar Kevlar

HYBRID OF Aloevera Aloevera Aloevera
ALOEVERA Kevlar Kevlar Kevlar
AND Bamboo Bamboo Bamboo
BAMBOO Kevlar Kevlar Kevlar

Testing of composites

Hardness test

Hardness test is primarily rest on the material property in which the projected

portion tends to grip sudden shock which results in the testing of hardness of

the material. ASTM standard was used for hardness test (ASTM D2583).

Composite specimen Hardness (RHN)

S1 59
S2 58
S3 63

6
Tribology Test

Pin on disc
Built based on ASTM G99 standard, its working principle is the same as
block on ring. However, the test specimen with size of 10mm x 10mm 20mm
subjected to the counterface exhibits a constant contact area throughout the
test. The testspecimen is set perpendicular and horizontal to the counterface.
Typical application of test includes sliding wear of various materials where
constant contact area of interest.

Wear values of Combination 1

S.No RPM Time Co-Efficient of Specific Wear Wear
Taken Friction Rate Loss
1 159 13 6.5480 0.5036 0.1025
2 17 6.5480 0.3851 0.0784
3 20 6.4014 0.32007 0.0651
4 318 13 6.4009 0.4923 0.1002
5 17 6.3142 0.3714 0.0756
6 20 6.3138 0.3156 0.0642
7 478 13 6.5394 0.5030 0.1024
8 17 6.5391 0.3846 0.0783
9 20 6.5391 0.3269 0.0665
7
8
 Wear values of Combination 2
S.No RPM Time Co- Specific Wear
Taken Efficient Wear Loss
of Rate
Friction
1 159 13 6.0918 0.4686 0.0954
2 17 6.6605 0.3917 0.0797
3 20 6.6593 0.3329 0.0678
4 318 13 6.0841 0.4680 0.0953
5 17 6.0818 0.3577 0.0728
6 20 6.4334 0.3217 0.0655
7 478 13 6.4307 0.4946 0.1007
8 17 6.4398 0.3788 0.0771
9 20 6.4874 0.3243 0.0660

9
10
 Wear values of Combination 3
S.No RPM Time Co- Specific Wear
Taken Efficient Wear Loss
of Rate
Friction
1 159 13 6.0223 0.4632 0.0943
2 17 6.0202 0.3541 0.0721
3 20 6.4752 0.3237 0.0659
4 318 13 6.4725 0.4978 0.1014
5 17 6.3410 0.3730 0.0759
6 20 6.3374 0.3168 0.0645
7 478 13 6.2874 0.4836 0.0985
8 17 6.2845 0.3696 0.0752
9 20 6.4816 0.3240 0.0660

11
12
 Analysis using ANSYS

Using ANSYS APDL , we are analyzing the acting on the different fiber combinations , a
constant load of 981N is applied at on the product and the stresses acting on them is evaluated

Design of Artificial Limb

13
Total Meshing

Total Deformation in Side View

14
 Total Deformation in Top View

Equivalent Stress
15
Maximum Shear Stress

Minimum Deformation

16
Maximum Deformation

Minimum Equivalent stress

17
 Maximum Equivalent Stress

Equivalent Elastic Strain at X-Direction

18
 Equivalent Elastic strain at Y-Direction

Dated this 30th day of October 2019

19/22
We claim

1) A reinforced composite materials for artificial limp which composite comprises

Aloevera, Bamboo and Kevlar fibers being mixed in a matrix of bio epoxy
resin using a catalyst to effect complete mixing of the said fibers to yield the
said hybrid reinforced composite, the said hybrid composite capable of being
moulded to any geometrical object.

2) The invention of reinforced composite material is of light weight.

3) A hybrid composite as claimed in claim 1,wherein the Mechanical and

Material properties of the composite is not be affected by moisture.

4) A hybrid composite as claimed in claim 1,wherein the impact strength of

composite is not affected due to moisture conditions.

5) A hybrid composite as claimed in claim 1,wherein the geometrical object is a

artificial limp.

6) A hybrid composite as claimed in claim 1, where these fibers are Producible

with low investment at low cost, which makes the material an interesting
product for low-wage countries. Friendly processing, no wear of tooling, no
skin irritation.

Dated this 30th day of October 2019

20/22
 Abstract

Composites made with natural fibers are finding applications in a wide variety of
engineering fields due to their low cost and eco-friendly nature. The fabricated
composite samples are tested to investigate the various mechanical and wear
properties. This invention deals with hybrid composite materials made of natural
fibres. Kevlar fibre reinforcement polymer is used for lamination on both sides. The
test result shows that hybrid composite has far better properties than single fibre
glass reinforced composite. The mechanical and wear properties of the fibers are
evaluated under different combinations as per ASTM standards, and the analysis are
compared with a software analysis using ANSYS software.

Dated this 30th day of October 2019

21/22
Name of Applicant MURALI B Sheet No 1

Application No Number of sheets 1

Existing model Fabricated Artificial limb

Dated this 30th day of October 2019

22/22