CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The automobile has become a very important part of today's society. It is a

necessity to own or to have access to a motorbike or a car in order to keep up with
all of the competition of the business world, and also one's social demands and so
automobiles is an unavoidable thing in our daily life. Particularly, two wheeler
becomes our basic need in this modern society.

A motorcycle side stand is nearly universal method of allowing a motorcycle

rider to park his vehicle easily. The motorcycle side stand consists of steel rod held
in both park and stopped position by an over centered spring. It is to provide the
stand stability and a support to the motorcycle. If this stand is in the park position
while the motorcycle is ridden through left turn a serious hazard exists.

Figure.1 Road Accident In India.

When the two wheeler motorbike is in rest position its complete weight is
balanced by the side stand and hence the side stand plays major role while the
vehicle is in rest position. But it has some disadvantages takes place as while the
driver starting the motorcycle, there may be possibility of forget to release the side
stand this will caused to unwanted troubles.
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 India is witnessing about 36% accidents because of not retrieving the side
stand. It is surveyed that 1 in 15 road accidents are of this issue. To avoid these
types of accidents an automatically retrieving side stand system is invented. This is
a new type of side stand which is automatically retracting the side stand through
some mechanical and electronic arrangement. The Method we have proposed here
is very cheaper than other mechanisms.

1.1OBJECTIVE

To subsidence the road accidents which have the root cause of not retrieval
of the two wheeler bike stand due to human carelessness.

1.2PRIME MOVER FOR THE ROAD ACCIDENTS

The frequency of traffic collisions in India is amongst the highest in the

world. A National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) report revealed that every year,
more than 135,000 traffic collision-related deaths occur in India. About 75% of
road accidents is mainly occurs due to or between pedestrians and the two wheeler
owners.
In New Delhi, the capital of India, the frequency of traffic collisions is 40
times higher than the rate in London, the capital of the United Kingdom.
Traffic collision-related deaths increased from 13 per hour in 2008 to 14 per
hour in 2009. More than 40 per cent of these casualties are associated with
motorcycles and trucks. The most accident-prone time on Indian roads is during
the peak hour at afternoon and evening.
According to road traffic safety experts, the actual number of casualties may
be higher than what is documented, as many traffic accidents go unreported.
Moreover, victims who die some time after the accident, a span of time which may
vary from a few hours to several days, are not counted as car accident victims. In
2015, one person dies every 4 minutes in roads accidents in India, according to
NGO 'Indians for Road Safety'.
India stands out miserably in the latest Organization’s (WHO) "Global Road
Safety Report-2015" with an estimated 207,551 deaths on roads.

Table.1 Road Accidents in Tamil nadu

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 Year Accidents Casualties

2000 8,269 9,300

2001 8,579 9,571

2002 9,012 9,939

2003 8,393 9,275

2004 8,733 9,507

2005 8,844 9,760

2006 10,055 11,009

2007 11,034 12,036

2008 11,813 12,784

2009 12,727 13,746

2010 14,241 15,409

2011 14,359 15,422

2012 15,072 16,175

2013 14,504 15,563

The World Health Organization (WHO) identified the major causes of traffic
collisions as driving over the speed limit, driving under the influence, and not
using helmets not lifting side stand and seat belts Failure to maintain lane or yield
to oncoming traffic when turning are prime causes of accidents on The "Global
Status Report on Road Safety" published by four lane, non-access
controlled National Highways. The report noted users of motorcycles and motor-
powered three-wheelers constitute the second largest group of traffic collision
deaths.
Tamil Nadu records the highest road accidents for a decade and its
capital Chennai has more accidents than any other city in India. The main cause for
this as follows,

 Not obeying traffic rules,

 Not wearing helmets,

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  Forget to retrieve the side stand of the two wheeler.

From this, about 36% of the road accidents are due to not retrieving the side
stand of the two wheelers. Many of the people using side stand rather than
main/centre stand because of their ease of use but many of them would not release
the stand properly. On comparison with the above causes, we can easily deflect the
accidents due to the third reason.To avoid these types of accidents a new type of
automatically retrieving side stand system is invented to prevent such type of
accidents. Many side stand designs, attachments, mechanisms and rider warning
system. Some systems only indicate the driver about to retrieve the side stand.
Some retract if they contact the ground when the motorcycle is moving. Many
different concepts have been applied for this hazard in this concept automatic
retrieval of the side stand is designed and fabricated.

1.3 EXISTING METHODS AND THEIR DRAWBACKS

1.3.1GEAR LOCKING SYSTEM

The retrofit table kit consists of a clamp, which restricts engagement of gears
when the side-stand is not pushed back. The gear lock clamp consists of an angular
rod welded to the base washer, which achieves locking of the gears. Currently this
kit has been configured for some models of Hero, Honda bikes.

1.3.2ALARMING SYSTEM/BUZZER METHOD

The alarming system alerts by conveying through a beep sound to the driver
to take the side stand up. This system is being used in some Bajaj models. But
many times it was ignored by the riders. Due to these, accidents prone to happen.

DRAWBACKS

 These systems only insist us to retrieve the side stand. We should take it
manually.
 Alarming system is costly

Table. 2 Comparison of existing methods and proposed method

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S.NO PARTICULARS EXISTING PROPOSED
METHODS METHOD

1 AUTOMATIC NO YES
RETRACTION

2 HUMAN ERROR HIGH ELIMINATED

3 MAINTENANCE LOW LOW

4 STURDINESS STABLE STABLE

5 COST AVERAGE/HIGH BELOW AVERAGE

6 CUSTOMER AVERAGE GURANTEED

SATISFACTION

7 RISK FACTOR HIGH ELIMINATED

8 ERROR NOT CONSIDERED UNDER

CONSIDERATION
ELIMINATION

9 SPARES EASY AVAILABLE EASY AVAILABLE

10 COMFORT COMFORTABLE HIGHLY

IN WITH COMFORTABLE
USAGE RISK FACTOR

11 TECHNOLOGY CUSTOMARY UNIQUE

12 REALIZATION NEEDED NOT REQUIRED

1.3.3 MODERN ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT (ECU)

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 The ECU contains a 32bit and 40MHz processor. It will be fast as pc’s micro
processor. The ECU decides timing and functioning of engine parts. This plays its
role in dashboard, and this indicates the gear shifting, side stand, to wear helmet in
digital display. It is used in Hero Honda’s Karizma ZMR.

But the people ignore to listen those indicators and safety rules.

DRAWBACKS

 We can only use it in the costlier bikes.

 It is also an accident indicator and not preventer.
 To be imported.

CHAPTER 2

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 COMPONENTS AND CONSTRUCTION

• Push button- a Mechanical switch.

• Battery- Powers the motor.

• Relay-breaks or makes the circuit and also amplifies the circuit.

• Limit switch-used to detect when an object is present or not from a

particular location and used to change the direction of the motor.

• Slow speed DC motor-drives the stand to rotate.

• Side stand- supports the entire weight of the vehicle when it is parked.

Figure.2 Block Diagram

2.1 SWITCHES

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 An electrical switch is any device used to interrupt the flow of electrons in a
circuit. Switches are essentially binary devices they are either completely on
(“closed”) or completely off (“open”).

There are many different types of switches, toggle switch, joy stick switch,
push button switch, proximity switch, speed switch, pressure switch.

The simplest type of switch is one where two electrical conductors are
brought in contact with each other by the motion of an actuating mechanism. Other
switches are more complex, containing electronic circuits able to turn on or off
depending on some physical stimulus (such as light or magnetic field) sensed. In
any case, the final output of any switch will be (at least) a pair of wire-connection
terminals that will either be connected together by the switch’s internal contact
mechanism (“closed”), or not connected together (“open”).

2.2 PUSH BUTTON

A push-button is a simple mechanism for controlling some aspect of a

machine or a process. Buttons are typically made out of hard material, usually
plastic or metal. The surface is usually flat or shaped to accommodate the human
finger or hand, so as to be easily depressed or pushed. Buttons are most often
biased switches, though even many un-biased buttons (due to their physical nature)
require a spring to return to their un-pushed state. In industrial and commercial
applications, push buttons can be connected together by a mechanical linkage so
that the act of pushing one button causes the other button to be released. In this
way, a stop button can "force" a start button to be released.

The image below shows the external view of a conventional SPST push
button switch. Almost all the parts of the switch can be figured out by observing its
external structure. The red colored bulge is the actuator of the switch. The actuator
extends towards the bottom of the switch and emerges out as a thin cylinder.
Among other prominent extensions are the two stationary metal contacts legs at the
bottom. A groovy pattern is also provided for the purpose of easy mounting.

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 Figure.3 Push button

This method of linkage is used in simple manual operations in which the

machine or process have no electrical circuits for control.
There are several pole and throw configurations for pushbutton switches.
The number of switch contact sets used is known as the number of poles and the
number of conducting positions (single or double) is referred to as the throw.
Switching mechanisms function differently by type; the five types of switches are
described below

Single pole single throw (SPST) is a switch that makes or breaks the
connection of a single conductor in a single branch circuit. This switch typically
has two terminals. It is commonly referred to as asimple on-off switch and can be
used to switch the power supply to a circuit.

SPST switches can also work as "push-to-make" on, where when the button
is released it returns to its normally open (off) position or vice-versa.

Single pole double throw (SPDT) is a switch that makes or breaks the
connection of a single conductor with either of two other single conductors. This
switch typically has 3 terminals, and is commonly used in pairs and called a
"Three-Way" switch.The switch can be in both on/off positions, switching on a
separate device in each case. For example, a SPDT switch can be used to switch on
a red lamp in one position and a green lamp in another position. Special versions
can have a third switch position which turns both circuits off.

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 Double pole single throw (DPST) is a switch that makes or breaks the
connection of two circuit conductors in a single branch circuit. This switch
typically has four terminals. The pair of on-off switches operate together and it is
often used to switch the main electricity because it can isolate both the live and
neutral connections

Double pole double throw (DPDT) is a switch that makes or breaks the
connection of two conductors to two separate circuits. This switch typically has six
terminals and is available in both momentary and maintained contact versions.It
can be wired up as a reversing switch for a motor and special versions can include
a center off position.

A push button switch is a small, sealed mechanism that completes an electric

circuit when you press on it. When it's on, a small metal spring inside makes
contact with two wires, allowing electricity to flow. When it's off, the spring
retracts, contact is interrupted, and current won't flow. The body of the switch is
made of non-conducting plastic

Momentary Contact
Momentary switches work only as long as you press on them, like the
buttons on a phone, calculator or door buzzer. They can be subdivided into
normally-on and normally-off types.

Normally-Off
 With the normally-off switch, there's no connection till you push the button. Most
push button switches are used this way. Examples include doorbell buttons, cell
phone keys and garage door openers.

Normally-On

 Here the switch conducts normally, but interrupts the circuit when you press on it.
This is more specialized, and may be used in conjunction with a wiring trick. For
example, connecting a normally-on switch in parallel with a light bulb will light
the bulb when the button is pushed; otherwise, current will flow through the
switch, leaving the bulb off.

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Non-Momentary Contact
Non-momentary switches take one push to turn on, another to turn off. TVs
and stereos use non-momentary switches for their power buttons.

Usually, external body of push button switches is made from polymer

plastics and can have multiple shapes, sizes and output terminals depending upon
its use.
Pushbuttons are often color coded to associate them with their function so
that the operator will not push the wrong button in error. Commonly used colors
are red for stopping the machine or process and green for starting the machine or
process.

2.2 BATTERY
An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical
cell with external connections provided to power electrical devices. A battery has a
positive terminal, or cathode, and a negative terminal, or anode. The terminal
marked positive is at a higher electrical potential energy than is the terminal
marked negative. The terminal marked negative is the source of electrons that
when connected to an external circuit will flow and deliver energy to an external
device. When a battery is connected to an external circuit, electrolytes are able to
move as ions within, allowing the chemical reactions to be completed at the
separate terminals and so deliver energy to the external circuit. It is the movement
of those ions within the battery which allows current to flow out of the battery to
perform work. Historically the term "battery" specifically referred to a device
composed of multiple cells, however the usage has evolved to additionally include
devices composed of a single cell.
Batteries are classified into primary and secondary forms

 Primary batteries irreversibly transform chemical energy to electrical energy.

When the supply of reactants is exhausted, energy cannot be readily restored to
the battery.
 Secondary batteries can be recharged; that is, they can have their chemical
reactions reversed by supplying electrical energy to the cell, approximately
restoring their original composition.

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 A dry cell uses a paste electrolyte, with only enough moisture to allow current
to flow. Unlike a wet cell, a dry cell can operate in any orientation without spilling,
as it contains no free liquid, making it suitable for portable equipment. By
comparison, the first wet cells were typically fragile glass containers with lead rods
hanging from the open top and needed careful handling to avoid spillage. Lead–
acid batteries did not achieve the safety and portability of the dry cell until the
development of the gel battery. A common dry cell is the zinc–carbon battery,
sometimes called the dry Leclanché cell, with a nominal voltage of 1.5 volts, the
same as the alkaline battery (since both use the same zinc–manganese dioxide
combination). A standard dry cell comprises a zinc anode, usually in the form of a
cylindrical pot, with a carbon cathode in the form of a central rod. The electrolyte
is ammonium chloride in the form of a paste next to the zinc anode. The remaining
space between the electrolyte and carbon cathode is taken up by a second paste
consisting of ammonium chloride and manganese dioxide, the latter acting as a
depolarizer. In some designs, the ammonium chloride is replaced by zinc chloride.

2.3 RELAY SWITCH

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Relays are simple switches which

are operated both electrically and mechanically. Relays consist of a n
electromagnet and also a set of contacts. The switching mechanism is carried out
with the help of the electromagnet. The main operation of a relay comes in places
where only a low-power signal can be used to control a circuit. It is also used in
places where only one signal can be used to control a lot of circuits. The
application of relays started during the invention of telephones. They played an
important role in switching calls in telephone exchanges. They were also used in
long distance telegraphy. They were used to switch the signal coming from one
source to another destination.
After the invention of computers they were also used to perform Boolean
and other logical operations.

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 Figure.4a Relay Switch

The high end applications of relays require high power to be driven by

electric motors and so on. Such relays are called contactors.

Here are two simple diagrams illustrating how relays use one circuit to
switch on a second circuit. A switch that is operated by an another electrical circuit
is known as relay.

Figure.4b Relay Switch Is Closed

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 When power flows through the first circuit, the following processes will
happen in the relay,

 it activates the electromagnet (brown), generating a magnetic field (blue)

that attracts a contact (red) and activates the second circuit
 When the power is switched off, a spring pulls the contact back up to its
original position, switching the second circuit off again.

This is an example of a "normally open" (NO) relay the contacts in the second
circuit are not connected by default, and switch on only when a current flows
through the magnet. Other relays are "normally closed" (NC; the contacts are
connected so a current flows through them by default) and switch off only when
the magnet is activated, pulling or pushing the contacts apart. Normally open
relays are the most common.

Here's another diagram showing how a relay links two circuits together. It's
essentially the same thing drawn in a slightly different way. On the left side, there's
an input circuit powered by a switch or a sensor of some kind. When this circuit is
activated, it feeds current to an electromagnet that pulls a metal switch closed and
activates the second, output circuit (on the right side).

The relatively small current in the input circuit thus activates the larger current
in the output circuit

The input circuit (black loop) is switched off and no current flows through it
until something (either a sensor or a switch closing) turns it on. The output circuit
(blue loop) is also switched off.

1. When a small current flows in the input circuit, it activates the electromagnet
(shown here as a red coil), which produces a magnetic field all around it.
2. The energized electromagnet pulls the metal bar in the output circuit toward
it, closing the switch and allowing a much bigger current to flow through the
output circuit.
3. The output circuit operates a high-current appliance such as a lamp or an
electric motor.

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2.3.1 RELAY APPLICATIONS

 Relays are used to realize logic functions. They play a very important role in
providing safety critical logic.
 Relays are used to provide time delay functions. They are used to time the
delay open and delay close of contacts.
 Relays are used to control high voltage circuits with the help of low voltage
signals. Similarly they are used to control high current circuits with the help of
low current signals.
 They are also used as protective relays. By this function all the faults during
transmission and reception can be detected and isolated.

2.4 LIMIT SWITCH

A switch preventing the travel of an object in a mechanism past some

predetermined point, mechanically operated by the motion of the object itself..A
switch may be directly manipulated by a human as a control signal to a system,
such as a computer keyboard button, or to control power flow in a circuit, such as a
light switch. Automatically operated switches can be used to control the motions of
machines.

Each set of contacts can be in one of two states either "closed" meaning the
contacts are touching and electricity can flow between them, or "open", meaning
the contacts are separated and the switch is non conducting. The mechanism
actuating the transition between these two states (open or closed) can be either a
"toggle" (flip switch for continuous "on" or "off") or "momentary" (push-for "on"
or push-for "off") type.

A limit switch is an electromechanical device that consists of an actuator

mechanically linked to a set of contacts. When an object comes into contact with
the actuator, the device operates the contacts to make or break an electrical
connection. In electrical engineering, a limit switch is a switch operated by the
motion of a machine part or presence of an object. They are used for controlling
machinery as part of a control system, as a safety interlocks, or to count objects
passing a point Limit switches are used in a variety of applications and
environments because of their ruggedness, ease of installation, and reliability of
operation. They can determine the presence or absence, passing, positioning, and

15
end of travel of an object. They were first used to define the limit of travel of an
object; hence the name "Limit Switch".

Standardized limit switches are industrial control components manufactured

with a variety of operator types, including lever, roller plunger, and whisker type.
Limit switches may be directly mechanically operated by the motion of the
operating lever. A reed limit switch may be used to indicate proximity of a magnet
mounted on some moving part. Proximity switches operate by the disturbance of
an electromagnetic field, by capacitance, or by sensing a magnetic field.

A limit switch with a single-station, maintained contact design will have a

“Start” button that mechanically controls the contacts. Pressing the “Start” button
causes the mechanism to maintain the contact sequence that closes the circuit,
while pressing the “Stop” button will open the contacts and break the circuit.
If a system malfunction, such as power failure or overloading, causes the
switch device to deactivate, the contacts will be unaffected and the motor will
automatically reset.
An ideal switch would have no voltage drop when closed, and would have
no limits on voltage or current rating. It would have zero rise time and fall time
during state changes, and would change state without "bouncing" between on and
off positions. Practical switches fall short of this ideal; they have resistance, limits
on the current and voltage they can handle, finite switching time, etc. The ideal

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switch is often used in circuit analysis as it greatly simplifies the system of
equations to be solved, but this can lead to a less accurate solution.
2.4.1Types of Limit Switches

Limit switch performance depends on a number of factors. In addition to the

operational parameters and mechanical specifications of a machine, these factors
include the size, mounting method, and force capacity of the switch, as well as the
stroke rate involved in the operating process. It is important for a limit switch’s
electrical rating to match that of the system into which it is installed in order to
reduce the potential for instrument failure and ensure proper functioning. The
common types of limit switches used in industrial applications include

Heavy-Duty Precision Oil-Tight

Also known as the Type C limit switch, this device is highly reliable due to
its long electrical and mechanical lifespan. It features a straightforward wiring
arrangement and relatively easy installation.

The Type C can be equipped with a range of different head and body styles,
including a more durable design that is watertight and submersible. It is available
in a standard format, as well as with specialized reed contacts.

Heavy-Duty Oil-Tight and Foundry

When load requirements exceed the capacity range for a precision oil-tight
switch, a regular heavy-duty oil-tight model, or Type T, may be needed. It can
handle operating sequences unavailable on the Type C and can withstand high trip
and reset forces. The heavy-duty foundry limit switch, or Type FT, is commonly
used in foundries and mills where Type T operating conditions are coupled with
elevated temperatures and foreign materials that may jam other types of switches.

Miniature Enclosed Reed

This limit switch, also known as Type XA, is a smaller and less expensive
device formed from die-cast zinc. It contains a contact array featuring a
hermetically sealed reed, which makes it well-suited for applications that require a
high level of contact reliability or involve environmental stresses. The switch is
normally prewired and can be placed in smaller or harder to reach areas.

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Gravity Return

The gravity return limit switch is usually employed in production line and
conveyor operations involving small, lightweight components. This type of switch
relies on gravity to reset its contact switches by exerting force on a lever arm and
typically functions with a low level of torque. There are several varieties of gravity
return switches, including spring return, roller type, lever type, top push, and
maintained contact designs.

Snap Switches

A snap switch is designed to instantly trigger as soon as the mechanism

attached to the switch has moved a predetermined distance, regardless of the speed
at which the moving part travels. Snap switches are commonly used in applications
that require only basic contact parameters and can work with or without an
operator. They are effective in machine systems that feature short movements or a
slow rate of operation.

Limit Switch Circuitry

To better understand the way a limit switch circuit operates, it may help to
look at an example that illustrates contact switching principles. A limit switch with
a single-station, maintained contact design will have a “Start” button that
mechanically controls the contacts.

Pressing the “Start” button causes the mechanism to maintain the contact
sequence that closes the circuit, while pressing the “Stop” button will open the
contacts and break the circuit. If a system malfunction, such as power failure or
overloading, causes the switch device to deactivate, the contacts will be unaffected
and the motor will automatically reset.

2.5 MOTOR

An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy

into mechanical energy. The reverse of this would be the conversion of mechanical
energy into electrical energy and is done by an electric generator.
In normal motoring mode, most electric motors operate through the interaction
between an electric motor's magnetic field and winding currents to generate force

18
within the motor. In certain applications, such as in the transportation industry
with traction motors, electric motors can operate in both motoring and generating
or braking modes to also produce electrical energy from mechanical energy.
DC motor is designed for two speed operation. It consists of three brushes
namely common, low speed, high speed. Two of the brushes will be supplied for
different made of operation.

The DC motor does not oscillate back and forth, it rotates continuously in
one direction like most others motors. The rotational motion is converted to the
back and forth wiper motion by a series of mechanical linkage.

This type of motor is called a gear head or motor end has advantage of
having lots of torque. The dc motor works on 12volt D.C. battery.

Figure .6 Dc Motor

2.5.1 POWERING THE MOTOR

VOLTAGE - the standard voltage requirement for the motor is 12v DC. The
electrical system in a running automobile usually puts out between 13 and 13.5
volts, so it’s safe to say the motor can handle up to 13.5 volts with no problem.
Also we have placed the relay switch in order to amplify the circuits.

CURRENT- The minimum required current for the motor is 1.6 amps 70
rpm, 0.9 amps at 41 rpm. These current ratings are for the motor spinning with no
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load. As you add mechanical load, these numbers can increase dramatically,
doubling or even tripling under a heavy load. This factor must be taken into
account when selecting a power supply. Since the motor will only use what it
needs when it comes to current, it’s best to provide a source with a higher current
rating than you think you might need.

2.5.2 DC MOTOR BASIC PRINCIPLE

Energy Conversion

If electrical energy is supplied to a conductor lying perpendicular to a

magnetic field, the interaction of current flowing in the conductor and the magnetic
field will produce mechanical force (and therefore, mechanical energy).

Value of Mechanical Force

There are two conditions which are necessary to produce a force on the
conductor. The conductor must be carrying current, and must be within a magnetic
field. When these two conditions exist, a force will be applied to the conductor,
which will attempt to move the conductor in a direction perpendicular to the
magnetic field. This is the basic theory by which all DC motors operate.

The force exerted upon the conductor can be expressed as follows.

F = B i l Newton

Where B is the density of the magnetic field,

l is the length of conductor,

And i the value of current flowing in the conductor.

The direction of motion can be found using Fleming’s Left Hand Rule. The
first finger points in the direction of the magnetic field (first - field), which goes
from the North Pole to the South Pole. The second finger points in the direction of
the current in the wire (second - current). The thumb then points in the direction
the wire is thrust or pushed while in the magnetic field (thumb - torque or thrust).

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2.6 SIDE STAND

A Side stand is a device on a bicycle or motorcycle that allows the bike to be

kept upright without leaning against another object or the aid of a person. A
"smaller, more convenient" kickstand was developed by Joseph Paul Treen, the
father of former Louisiana Governor, Dave Treen. A kickstand is usually a piece of
metal that flips down from the frame and makes contact with the ground. It is
generally located in the middle of the bike or towards the rear. Some touring bikes
have two one at the rear, and a second in the front.

Figure.7a Bike Side Stand

A side stand style kickstand is a single leg that simply flips out to one side,
usually the non-drive side, and the bike then leans against it. Side stands can be
mounted to the chain stays right behind the bottom bracket or to a chain and seat
stay near the rear hub. Side stands mounted right behind the bottom bracket can be
bolted on, either clamping the chain stays or to the bracket between them, or
welded into place as an integral part of the frame.

Kickstands can be made of steel or cast aluminium. There may be a rubber

cap on the end..
Kickstands can lock in place, either up or down, by several means

 A spring that is stretched when the kickstand is partway deployed and less
stretched when it is stowed or all the way deployed.
 A detent mechanism, which usually also employs its own spring.

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 The side-stand is the one intended to be used for parking. It is considerably
more stable laterally than a center stand. It takes much more effort to high side a
bike (push over to the right) from the left side, side-stand than it is to tip it
sideways off of the relatively narrow footing of a center-stand. And it is
completely stable to the left against the stand's wide leg, so long as the bike doesn't
roll forward. This is why when you take a ferry over rough water they always have
you put the bike on the side stand - never on the center-stand. They also sometimes
take precautions to keep the bike from rolling forward (chocks) and high siding
(strap bike against the side-stand to the left). With the bike in gear, a side-stand is
also more stable in the forward direction of the wheels.

Figure.7b Bike Side Stand

If you push forward on the bike, (like when plugging a tire) it is quite
possible to push the bike off of either type of stand. For any maintenance that
requires applying force from the rear of the bike, the stand should be "locked" into
the forward position, like by strapping it to some forward, immovable part of the
bike.

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 CHAPTER 3

WORKING OF AUTOMATIC SIDE STAND RETRIEVING SYSTEM

When the push button (instead of self start button in the automobiles we are
using the push button) is pressed electric circuit is closed and the battery (in this
system we have used a separate battery but, in using it in automobiles, the power
can get from the ignition battery itself) runs the electric 12v DC geared motor
rotates and gives radial force to the stand, which lifts/rotates the stand.

When the stand press the limit switch, the power supply for the forward
direction of the motor is cut. At the same time the motor is engaged in the reverse
direction by the combination limit-relay switch circuit. If the push button is pressed
again the electric motors turns in opposite direction which will pulls the side stand
and keep in original position. Limit switch is used to detect when an object is
present or not from a particular location and used to change the direction of the
motor this system is useful for automation and safety for the two wheeler users.

This observation of objects can also be done by using sensors, but those
methods are more complicated in design and the cost is also huge.

Figure.8 Model Of The Project

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3.1 STEP 1 - INVOLVED FOR MAKING AUTOMATIC SIDE STAND FOR
TWO WHEELER

STEP 1 - CONSTRUCTION OF FRAME

Firstly we are made a general layout of side stand frame according to

dimension given in present time of two wheeler. for making frame, we are used
mild steel rod and with the help of manufacturing process be prepare a rectangular
frame the manufacturing process include for making side stand frame are cutting,
welding , grinding ,and super finishing .

STEP 2 - MAKING PLATE FOR PIVOTED SIDE STAND FROM FRAME

In this stage we are made plate on which side stands are pivoted. The
dimension of this plate is given according to motorcycle specification. The plate
consists of hole for bolted the side stand and a upper hook are welded to connect
the one end of the spring. This plate is welded with the frame inclined to the frame
axis.

STEP 3 – MAKING A TENSION SPRING

In this step we take a spring wire and with the help of lathe machine we
form a tension spring. The material of the tensile spring is stainless steel. After lab
test we found the stiffness of spring. 1.732 N/mm.

STEP 4 – MAKING A MECHANICAL BUSH

In this step we make we make a mechanical bush from a solid rod of

stainless steel with the help of the lathe machine.

Firstly we have done turning operation for finding the desire dimension and
after that we have made a hole with the help of drill bit. The main function of
mechanical bush is to connect the motor shaft to the pivoted bolt of side stand.

STEP 5-FINAL ASSEMBLY

In this step all the component of side stand are assembled in proper manner.
the presented mechanism consist of a D.C motor powered by motorcycle’s battery
connected to the side stand through a worm and worm gear mechanism to gain
speed reduction of motor and multiply the torque . The motor is actuated by the
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sensor mounted on the front wheel through the microcontroller. A presser switch is
also mounted on the stand bracket to sense full disengagement of stand. When the
vehicle starts moving the sensor on front wheel sends a signal to the
microcontroller to actuate the motor causing them to move disengaged position.

When the stand is fully disengaged it presses the limit switch which again
sends a signal by which the motor is stopped and it gets engaged in the reverse
direction.

When the rider pushes the button then the kick stand is disengage from the
road. And secondly the stand is not engage with road by the use of push button.
We are working to remove these two disadvantages.

Figure.9 Fabrication Of The Project

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3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

The following circuit allows a motor to travel in the forward direction until it
hits the "up limit" switch. This sends a pulse to the latching or contactor relay to
reverse the motor). The side stand travels to the "down limit" switch and reverses.

If the motor can be used to click a switch or move a slide switch, the
following circuit can be used.

Figure. 10 Circuit Diagram

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 CHAPTER 4

CALCULATION

Calculation While Using The Proposed Method In The Two Wheeler Bikes

Wire diameter = 3 mm = 0.003 m

Coil outer diameter (d) = 27 mm = 0.027m

Coil inner diameter = 21mm = 0.021m

No. of coils (n) = 17

Free length of spring (L) = π dN= 3.14x0.027x17=1.44126 m

Span weight = 0.056+0.400 kg = 0.456 kg

TORQUE – T = FXR

T =2.105X0.11

T =0.2315 N-m

Torque due to stand weight

Stand weight = 400 gm

Spring weight = 56 gm

Combined weight of spring and stand = 400+56 gm = 0.456 kg

Force due to stand weight = mg sin θ = 0.456x9.81xsin500 = 3.4267 N

Torque due to stand weight = F x R = 3.4267x0.11 = 0.3769471

Total torque (Ta) = 0.376947 N-m

TOTAL TORQUE = 0.376947 N-m

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Calculation For The fabricated project

Figure.11 Calculation Of Motor Torque

Motor Torque T = F.r.sinα

weight of side stand F = 400 gm = 0.400 kg

angle turned by the side stand while lifting, α =70(degree)

radius of the motor r =0.03m

T=O.400X0.03XSin70

=0.01127 kg.m

=0.1127 N-m

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 CHAPTER 5

COST ESTIMATION AND SPECIFICATIONS

S.N COMPONENT TYPE/ SIZE COST

O. S CAPACITY (ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN ESTIMAT
mm) ION
1 PUSH A22 R TYPE H=40,D=22 Rs 30
BUTTON (4 PIN)
2 BATTERY 12 VOLT - Rs 450
3 RELAY CONTACTOR 32 X 32 X 23 Rs 20
SWITCH
4 LIMIT SWITCH MICRO /LEAF 60 X 22.5 X 14 Rs 30
LIMIT
SWITCH
5 MOTOR 12V, DC - Rs 220
MOTOR
6 SIDE STAND YAMAHA L=300 Rs 150
7 OUTER WOOD 800 x 500 x 300 Rs 50
FRAME
8 TOTAL COST Rs 950
Further side stand are inbuilt in bikes so main components would be limit
switch relay switch which are the most economical components, which cost about

Table.3 Cost Estimation And Specifications

only 100 rupees. The table shows the specifications of the materials which are used
In this system and it show very low cost. Therefore this is an economical method
of about Rs 950.

In practical usage, only motor, limit switch, relay switch are alone to be
attached on the automobile in extra to the other materials. As other materials are
already available in the automobile. And so, this cost will further decreases.

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 CHAPTER 6

RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

In this project, the usage of 12v motor gives 0.376947 N-m of torque to
rotate the side stand of about 70 degree for striking the limit switch at a rate of
10rpm.And also only motor, relay switch and limit switch is placed in addition to
the side stand, battery and the self start button in the automobile, the input energy
is dragged from the self start motor which then amplified by the relay switch.

Thus this project automatic side stand retrieval system when comparing with
other system we assure it is a cheap life saver. Since the setup is compact and easy
one it does not disturb the performance of the vehicle. This is use for all types
(front geared, back geared, hand geared and tvs-xl ) of bikes. It prevents the major
accidents .so use of AUTOMATIC SIDE STAND RETRIEVING SYSTEM it
become a life saver one. In recent world technology is updating one so it will be
implement near future.

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 CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION

From the design and analysis, D.C motor and other component like as
microcontroller and speed sensor, switches occupy less space and this space is
easily available in the mechanical frame of the motorcycle. The sensors are not
required in this project because; this project is fully economical which can be
installed with just 950 rupees. Torque required is also very less and power
consumption is very low compared to beam lights in bikes and ECUs. Moreover it
can be installed in any type of bike. So it is cost efficient simple reliable.

After analysis of torque the required torque to raise the side stand is
0.376947 N-m . So after calculation of torque the power required to raise the side
stand is 19.078 Watt. Since 12V DC motor is used which draws 2 amp current and
24W power.

Although it has certain disadvantages it can be successfully installed in all

types of bikes. This project is socially important project which is made by
considering many precious souls depart their life for silly reasons. This project will
be accessible for all economic range people and reliable method.

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 REFERENCES

1) Everett, S.A., Shults, R.A., Barrios, L.C., Sacks, J.J., Lowry, R. and Oeltmann,
J. (2001) Trend

2) Reeder, A.I., Chalmers, D.J. and Langeley, J.D. (1996) The risky and protective
motorcycling opinions and behaviors of young on road motorcyclist in New
Zealand

3) A journal paper ‘motorcycle accidents- case study and what do learn from them’
by Ecker, H. Viema University of Technology,

4) Bhimbra P.S, 2009-2010, ‘Electrical machine’.

5) Sharma P.C., 2010-2011, ‘Machine design’ study for design purpose.

6) Sadhu Singh, 2009-2010, ‘Machine design’ study for design purpose.

7) R.S. Khurmi, 2008-2010, ‘Theory of machine study for torque calculation.

8) Hurt, H.H., Ouellet, J.V. and Thom, D.R. (1981) Motorcycle accident cause
factors.

9) Grayson, G. and Hakkert, A. (1987) Accident analysis and conflict behaviour. In

J. Rothengatter and R. de Bruin (eds) Road user and traffic safety.

10) Malaterre, G. (1990) Error analysis and in- depth accident analysis.

11) Yin, R.K., (1984) case study research, Applied Social research Methods vol. 5.
London Sage Publication.

WEBSITES

nif.org.in

arrive.safe.org

http//sites.ndtv.com/roadsafety/important-feature-to-you-in-your-car/

http://www.edaboard.com/thread261146.html

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