Uniformly Accelerated Motion

Acceleration defined as the rate of change in velocity with time. It is a vector quantity having both magnitude and direction.
Acceleration of vehicles usually changes from time to time. A vehicle may speed up as it travels to highways or slow down
as it approaches an intersection. It should also halt when the stoplight is red and eventually accelerate when the light turns
green. We can say that most type of acceleration that we observe is not constant or non-uniform due to these factors.

In Uniformly Accelerated Motion (UAM), the value of the acceleration is

constant. It does not change. The velocity changes but at a constant rate.
An object with zero acceleration said to be in uniform motion. An object in
uniformly accelerated motion has non-zero but constant acceleration.
Acceleration represents how velocity changes with time; velocity
represents how position changes with time.

Objects at free-fall also exhibit uniformly accelerated motion. The

acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s2) neglecting air resistance is a
constant acceleration for all falling bodies, regardless of their mass and
weight.

Example:

Toss a coin upward. Does it stay up? What makes it go down?

Gravity pulls the coin down. Things thrown upward will go down because of this force.

Gravity also pulls us towards the earth. That is why we are not being thrown outside space.

Which is easier, climbing to your classroom or going down to the school canteen? When you
climb a high place, you go against gravity. When you are on a high place, and you go down, you
are moving toward gravity so you use less force. It is true with freely falling objects.

All objects on the earth’s surface are being accelerated toward the center of the earth at a rate of 9.8 m/s2. This means that
if you raise an object above the surface of the earth and drop it, the object will start from rest and its velocity will increase by
9.8 meters per second for each second it is falling toward the earth’s surface until it strikes the ground.
In general, a uniformly accelerated motion is the one in which the acceleration of a body throughout the motion is uniform. It
can be observed in either vertical or horizontal dimension, and in two dimensions.
PROJECTILE MOTION
Projectile motion can apply to sports like basketball, volleyball and
football. These sports involve throwing and kicking a ball. In
addition, they are all making a curved path in mid-air. This curved
path made by the ball is called a projectile, a motion with two-
dimensions; the horizontal (range or distance) and vertical (height)
components.
The angle of release affects the range and height of a projectile. The maximum
range achieved if the projectile fired at an angle of 45º with respect to the
horizontal. An object launched at an angle of 30º will also be the same if it launched
at 60º. The angles 30º and 60º called complementary angles because they add up
to 90º. As the angle of launch increases, the vertical displacement of the projectile
will also increase. At the highest point, the vertical component of velocity is zero
and the time to reach the maximum height is half of the total time of flight.

SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
2. A baseball player leads off the game and hits along home run. The ball leaves the bat at an angle of 25º with a velocity of
30 m/s.
a. What is the maximum height reached by the ball?
b. What is the horizontal displacement (range) of the ball?

3. A soccer ball is kicked 35º above with an initial velocity of 23.0 m/s and reaches a maximum height of 1.27 m at 0.10
second. Determine the horizontal displacement (range) of the ball.