CHEMICAL KINETICS

Chemical Kinetics refers to the study of the rates and

mechanisms of chemical reactions. In short term, it is
the study of how fast a chemical reaction occurs.

Chemical kinetics is important in several applications,

for example, enzymes or biological catalysts participate
INTRODUCTION: in important biological reactions in the functioning of
an organism.

The concepts of chemical kinetics are vital in the field

of pharmacology, specifically in pharmacokinetics,
which deals with absorption, distribution, metabolism,
and excretion of drugs from biological systems.
OBJECTIVES:
• This learning plan is designed for you to:
• describe each factors that influence the rate of a reaction;
• explain the collision theory, and how activation energy and catalyst affect reaction
rate;
• cite and differentiate the types of catalyst
REACTION RATE
R E A C T I O N R AT E
• Chemical kinetics is the study of how fast and how
does a chemical reaction take place.
• In dealing with chemical kinetics, the word
reaction rate is frequently mentioned. Reaction
rate pertains to the measurement of how fast or
slow a chemical reaction occurs.
• A chemical reaction could speed up or slow down
through some factors that influence it.
FACTORS THAT
INFLUENCE REACTION
RATE
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE REACTION RATE
• Temperature Effect
• The rates of chemical reactions generally increase with an increase in temperature.
Increasing the temperature of a system increases the average kinetic energy of its
constituent particles.
• As the average kinetic energy increases, the particles move faster and collide more
frequently per unit time and possess greater energy when they collide.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE REACTION RATE
• Concentration Effect
• If the concentration of the dissolved reactant is increased the reactant particles become
more crowded. Therefore, there is a greater chance of the particles colliding and will
result to faster reaction rate.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE REACTION RATE
• Physical Phase Effect
• When two reactants are in the same fluid phase, their particles collide more frequently
than when one or both reactants are solids (or when they are in different fluids that do
not mix).
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE REACTION RATE
• Surface Area Effect or Particle Size Effect
• Smaller reactant particles provide a greater surface area which increase the chance for
particle collisions so their reaction rates increases because more particle are exposed to
other reactants.
• Therefore, large particle decrease reaction rate. And smaller particle increases the
reaction rate.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE REACTION RATE
• Catalyst Effect
• A catalyst is a substance that participates in a chemical reaction and increases the
reaction rate without undergoing a net chemical change itself.
• Catalysts work by:
• Increasing the frequency of collisions between reactants.
• Altering the orientation of reactant.
• Reducing intermolecular bonding within reactant molecules.
THE COLLISION
THEORY
T H E C O L L I S I O N T H EO RY

• The collision theory explains how a chemical reaction takes places (mechanism of
particle).
• According to this theory, three major conditions must be satisfied for a chemical reaction
to occur:
• two or more molecules must collide with each other;
• colliding molecules must possess activation energy, or a minimum energy; and
• Orientation of molecules colliding.
THE COLLISION THEORY
CATALYSTS
AND ITS TYPES
C ATA LY S T S A N D I T S T Y P E S
• There are different types of catalyst, they are the following:
• Homogeneous catalysis- When the catalyst and the reactant/s are in the same
physical state or phase. This most often happens with gaseous catalyst-reactant pairs.
• Heterogeneous catalysis- When the catalyst and the reactant/s are in different phases,
most commonly, the gas-solid “border”. These type of processes involve the reactions
that readily occur on the surface of catalyst. Corrosion, adhesion, and detergency are
some examples associated with surface reaction.
C ATA LY S T S A N D I T S T Y P E S
• Enzymes
• Enzymes are proteins that catalyst many biochemical reactions. The action of enzymes is
specific. The enzyme acts upon a molecule called substrate, which specifically binds on
an active site to form the enzyme-substrate complex. While substrate is bound to the
enzyme, it produces the product which, in turn, is released from the enzymes.
KEY POINTS

• At this point you are now ready to master the concepts.

• Chemical kinetic is the study of the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions.
• Reaction rates the measurement of how slow or fast the occurrence of a chemical reaction.
• The factors affecting reaction rate are: (a) surface area of reactant
• (b) concentration of reactant, (c) temperature (d) presence of a catalyst.
• According to Collision Theory, three conditions that must be satisfied for a chemical reaction to occur are: (a) the
particles of reactant/s must collide with one another; (b) the colliding particles must have sufficient energy; and
the orientation of colliding molecules.
• Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur.
• A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of the reaction but is itself unchanged after the reaction is
completed.