Verb Structures

Positive Form
Subject [+Auxiliary] + Verb

I play
I go swimming

Negative Form
Subject +Auxiliary-NOT [+Auxiliary] + Verb

I don’t play
I don’t go swimming

Question Form
[Who/What/When/Where/Why/How] + Auxiliary + Subject [+Auxiliary] +
Verb + ?

Do you play?
When do you Swim?
When do you go swimming?

Verb Tenses

Past Present Future

I helped my I help my I will help my

Simple neighbour neighbour every neighbour
yesterday. day. tomorrow

I will have
I had helped my I have helped my helped my
Perfect neighbour clean neighbour too neighbour a
his attic before I much this week. hundred times
fixed his car. by the end of the
month.

I was helping I am helping my I will be helping

Continuous my neighbour neighbour while my neighbour
when he brought he fixes up his next month
me iced tea. house. when he moves.
 I had been
helping my I have been I will have been
Perfect neighbour for a helping my helping my
Continuous year before he neighbour since neighbour for a
finally thanked I moved in. year next month.
me.

Present Simple
● Facts
● Habits
● Permanent Situations
● Actions that happen now
● Fixed plans/Timetables

Present Perfect
● Unfinished Actions during a period of time
○ When with Since or For
● Finished Actions
○ Life Experience, such as visiting a country or seeing a movie
○ Actions within unfinished periods of time (this month, this
week)
○ Recent Actions that just happened
○ Finished result in the present
● When with Been or Gone

Present Continuous
● Actions happening in the moment of speaking
● Temporary situations
● New or temporary habits
● Irregular habits
● Definitive future arrangements

Present Perfect Continuous

● Unfinished Actions
○ How long unfinished actions have lasted
○ Temporary habits or actions that started in the past
● Finished Actions
○ Actions that recently stopped
Past Simple
● Finished actions, states or habits in the past
● Unrealistic things in the present or future

Past Perfect
● A finished action before a second point in the pas, whatever happened
first
● Unrealistic things in the past

Past Continuous
● A situation or action in the past that is interrupted by another
● Emphasising past actions

Past Perfect Continuous

● Actions in process in the past before another action occurred

Future Simple
● Actions that will happen in the near future

Future Perfect Simple

● Action that will be completed in a specific time
● Used with By, Before, At, or When

Future Continuous
● Future actions happening over a period of time

Future Simple
● Ongoing future actions that will continue up to a point of time