2 MARKS QUESTION

1) What do you mean by internet?

The term Internet is derived from two words – interconnection and networks. So it is
network of networks. The foundation of Internet was laid in 1969 by the Department of
Defense (DOD) of United States of America. A means of connecting a to any other
computer anywhere in the world via routers and servers. When two computers are
connected over the Internet, they can send and all kinds of such as text, graphics, voice,
and computer programs.
2) Expand EBCDIC and ANSCII and BCD?
1. Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)
2. American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
3. Extended Binary coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC)

3) What is a byte ?
Computers works with only two states ON (1) and OFF(0). Computers usually deal with
a group of eight bits called byte.

4) Differentiate data and information ?

Data Information
Data is a collection of facts, figures or statistics which can Information is a processed data
be processed to produce meaningful information. with a definite meaning.
Data is the basic element in any data processing activity Information is a structured data.
Without proper identification data will not reveal anything. Information provides a clear
meaning for a collection of data.

5) What is E-Commerce ?

Electronic , or e-commerce, refers to economic activity that occurs online. E-commerce

includes all types of business activity, such as retail shopping, banking, investing and
rentals. Even small businesses that provide personal services, such as hair and nail salons,
can benefit from e-commerce by providing a website for the sale of related health and
beauty products that normally are available only to their local customers.

6) What do you mean by formatting text ?

Formatting refers to the appearance or presentation of your essay. Another word for
formatting is layout. Most essays contain at least four different kinds of text: headings,
ordinary paragraphs, quotations and bibliographic references. You may also include

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footnotes and endnotes.You also have to consider the fonts that you use and page
numbering . Formatting is important for two reasons:

 It makes your essay look like an essay (rather than a letter or a note to a friend).
 It helps to make your essay more readable.

7) Define network topology ?

Network topology refers to the physical or logical layout of a network. It defines the way
different nodes are placed and interconnected with each other. Alternately, network topology
may describe how the data is transferred between these nodes.There are two types of network
topologies: physical and logical. Physical topology emphasizes the physical layout of the
connected devices and nodes, while the logical topology focuses on the pattern of data
transfer between network nodes. There are five topologies.
1. Bus 2. Ring 3. Star 4. Tree 5. Mesh

8) What do you mean by a WAN, LAN AND MAN?

WAN(wide area network ) is a data communications network covering a broad geographic area
such as cities, states, countries, or even whole world. These kinds of networks use telephone
lines, satellite links to connect. Very often a WAN consists of several bridged (connected)
LANS.

Local Area Network (LAN): LAN is a high-speed, fault tolerant network that covers a
relatively small geographic area such as office or buildings. It typically connects workstations,
personal computers, printers, and other devices. They are limited to maximum distance of only
few kilometers. LANs offer computer users many advantages, including shared access to devices
and applications, file exchange between connected users, etc.

Metropolitan Area network (MAN): MAN is a communications network that serves an urban
area. An example of a MAN would be the connection of several LANs in several buildings of an.
enterprise.

9) expand the abbreviation of HTML and specify its meaning ?

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the set of symbols or codes inserted in a file
intended for display on a World Wide Web page. The markup tells the Web browser
how to display a Web page's words and images for the user. Each individual markup code
is referred to as an element (but many people also refer to it as a Some elements come in
pairs that indicate when some display effect is to begin and when it is to end.

10) what are the components of CPU?

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CPU(CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT) HAS THREE PARTS

1. ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC UNIT: Performs arithmetic and logical operations on data.
2. CONTROL UNIT: Fetches an instruction from memory interpret them and ensures
execution. It also controls input/output devices.
3. REGISTERS: They are special purpose high speed temporary memory that can hold
data, instruction, address and intermediate results of calculation. They are CPU’s
working memory.
11) What do you mean by data processing ?
Data processing is the process of restructuring, manipulating and storing data which is recovered
from various sources by people or a machine, to increase it usefulness and value of usage. These
data must be properly processed to get the meaningful information. The data processing
operation can be depicted as follows:-

1. Gathering data, facts and statistics

2. Input
3. Processing of data
4. Storage
5. Output

12) What is web browser? Name any 2 browsers?

A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing
information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by
a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) and may be a web page, image, video, or other piece
of content. Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers
to related resources. A web browser can also be defined as an application software or
program designed to enable users to access, retrieve and view documents and other
resources on the Internet.
The major web browsers are Internet Explorer, Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari, and
Opera.

13) What is a computer? Mention any 2 uses of computer ?

A Computer is an electronic machine that operates under the control of a set of instructions.
It is a tool for accomplishing the data processing functions. It operates data and delivers
information in large volumes, efficiently and at relatively low cost.

Health and Medicine :

Computer technology is radically changing the tools of medicine. All medical information can
now be digitized. Software is now able to the risk of a disease.

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Science :
Scientists have long been users of it. A new adventure among scientists is the idea of a
“collaboratory”, an internet based collaborative laboratory, in which researchers all over the
world can work easily together even at a distance.
14) what is computer hardware ?
 Computer hardware refers to the physical components that make up a computer system.

 There are many different kinds of hardware that can be installed inside, and connected to
the outside, of a computer.

 Computer hardware may sometimes be seen abbreviated as computer hw.

 E.g keyboard , mouse

15) Expand ROM and RAM?

 Random Access Memory(RAM)
 Read Only Memory(ROM)

16) What is system software ?

System software consists of several programs which are directly responsible for controlling
integrating and managing the individual hardware components of a computer. The system
software provides a programming environment in which programmers can create applications to
accommodate their needs.
Depending upon the functionality, the system software can be further divided into two major
categories:
1. System management programs (operating system s/w)
2. System support software
3. System development programs

17) Define an operating system and example for os ?

software that controls the operation of a computer and directs the processing of
programs (as by assigning storage space in memory and controlling input and
output functions).

• The primary goal ->computer system convenient to use .

• The secondary goal -> is to use the computer hardware in an efficient manner.

• Example is : MS DOS 3.0, MS DOS 4.0, MS DOS 5.0 ,Windows 3.0, Windows 3.1,
Windows 3.0 Windows 3.1 Windows 3.11.

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18) What do you mean by presentation software?

Presentation software is a category of application software that is specifically designed to

allow users to create a presentation of ideas by stringing together text, images and
audio/video. The presentation tells a story or supports speech or the presentation of
information.
Presentation software can be divided into business presentation software and general
multimedia authoring software, but most presentation software applications already provide
tools that allow users to create both professional-looking business presentations and general
multimedia presentations.
19)what is a computer network? Mention any 2 types of network?
A computer network is a set of connected computers. Computers on a network are
called nodes. The connection between computers can be done via cabling, most commonly
the Ethernet cable, or wirelessly through radio waves. Connected computers can share
resources, like access to the Internet, printers, file servers, and others. A network is a
multipurpose connection, which allows a single computer to do more.
There are three categories of computer networks

1. Local Area Network (LAN)

2. Metropolitan Area network (MAN)
3. Wide Area Network (WAN)

19) Differentiate between network and internet?

Network
A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via
communications devices and transmission media. When a computer connects to a network, it is
online. Networks allow computers to share resources, such as hardware, software, data, and
information. Sharing resources saves time and money. The Internet is a worldwide collection of
networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and
individuals
Internet
The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses,
government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals. More than one billion people
around the world use the Internet daily for a variety of reasons, including the following: to
communicate with and meet other people; to conduct research and access a wealth of information
and news; to shop for goods and services; to bank and invest; to participate in online training; to
engage in entertaining activities, such as planning vacations, playing online games, listening to
music, watching or editing videos, and books and magazines; to share information, photos, and
videos; to download music and videos; and to access and interact with Web applications.

20) What is a hypermedia?

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Hypermedia, an extension of the term , is a of information that includes graphics, audio,

video, plain text and . This designation contrasts with the broader term which may include
non-interactive linear presentations as well as hypermedia.
The WWW (World Wide-web) is a classic example of hypermedia,
21) Mention any 2 uses of databases ?
Data Sharing: In DBMS, data can be shared by authorized users of the organization. A
database allows the sharing of data under its control by any number of application programs or
users. The DBA manages the data and gives rights to users to access the data. Many users can
be authorized to access the same set of information simultaneously. The remote users can also
share same data. Similarly, the data of same database can be shared between different
application programs.
Data Integration: In DBMS, data in database is stored in tables. A single database contains
multiple tables and relationships can be created between tables (or associated data entities). This
makes easy to retrieve and update data.

22) What is a database management system?

A Data Base Management System is an effective data management tool, provides invaluable help
in copying with data organization and access problems, and improves the quality of information
available to the management for decision-making. A DBMS is a set of programs that serve as an
interface between application programs and a set of coordinated and integrated physical files
called a database. A DBMS A database management system (DBMS) is a software package with
computer programs that control the creation, maintenance, and use of a database. It allows
organizations to conveniently develop databases for various applications by database
administrators (DBAs) and other specialists. A database is an integrated collection of data
records, files, and other objects. A DBMS allows different user application programs to
concurrently access the same database.

23) Expand DDL and DML?

Data Definition Language (DDL)
Data Manipulation Language (DML)

24) Differentiate between software and hardware ?

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25) Write any 4 types of input devices?

Different input devices are keyboard, mouse, punched card reader, light pen, joysticks,
scanner etc.

26) What is cache memory?

A cache is a very fast memory made from high speed Static RAM that reduces time of accessing
data. It is very expensive and usually incorporated in the processor. The cache enables processor
to access data quickly whenever it is needed. The cache frequently used data that is found in
DRAM and buffers. Cache can be categorized into 3 levels

Level 1Cache: Also known as primary cache. It is built into processor chip. It works together
with Level2 Cache to provide processor fast access to often used data.

Level2 Cache: Known as secondary cache. It is built into motherboard. It is larger and slower
than level1 cache but faster than main memory.

Level 3 Cache: It is an enhanced form of main memory present in the motherboard, between
processor and main memory to speed up processing operations.

27) Write any 2 advantage of electronic mail?

Advantage

1. It's free! : Once you’re online, there is no further expense.

2. Easy to reference : Sent and received messages and attachments can be stored safely,
logically and reliably. It's a lot easier to organize emails than paper.

3. Easy to use : Once you’re set up, sending and receiving messages is simple. That goes for a
host of other email functions. Data storage and contacts can be accessed quickly and easily.

Disadvantage :

1. Emotional responses

Some emails cause upset or anger. A reply in the heat of the moment can’t be easily retracted,
but it can cause lasting damage.

2. Information overload

Too many people send too much information. They cover their backs citing ‘need to know’ as
the justification. Learn effectively and you’ll reduce time wasted on this.

3. Lacking the Personal Touch

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Some things are best left un typed. Email will never beat a hand written card or letter when it
comes to relationships.

4. Misunderstandings

Emails from people who don’t take the time to read what they write before clicking ‘send’. Time
is wasted, either to clarify or, worse, acting on a misinterpretation of the message.

28) What are bits and bytes?

A bit is a 'binary digit'. It is a single binary digit that can be either 0 or 1, like a toggle
switch that can be either on or off. A byte is a combination of 8 bits, which can be any of
256 different values. Bits and bytes can be data or instructions to the computer. As data they
can represent numbers or letters or images or video clips or any number of things that can be
represented as a series of numerical values. To a computer, all of these things are just
collections of bits.

29) EXPAND following terms?

WWW -> world wide web

HTTP ->hypertext transfer protocol.

30) Define data model?

Data bases from the real world are frequently described within the framework of data model.
Usually there are two classes of data models associated with data base management system
software: one is referred to as the conceptual or semantic data model and the other is called
the physical data model. EXAMPLE : HIRERCHICAL , RELATIONAL, ENTITY

31) What do you mean by operational control OR STRATEGIC LEVEL?

Authority over normal business operations at the operational level, as opposed to the strategic or
tactical levels. Operational control includes control over how normal business processes are
executed, but does not include control over the strategic business targets or high-level business
priorities.

32 ) define office automation ?

Office automation refers to the varied machinery and used to digitally create, collect, store,
manipulate, and relay office information needed for accomplishing basic tasks. storage,
electronic transfer, and the management of electronic business information comprise the basic
activities of an office automation system. Office automation helps in optimizing or automating
existing office procedures.

33)what is virtual office?

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Office automation has led to the development of virtual office concept. A virtual office works
Just like a physical office but devoid of physical spacefacilities. Employees interact with others
through portable communication tools, such as electronic mall, cellular phone, thinkpad, voice
mail system, laptop computer, fax machine, and audio/videoconferencing system. Employees
armed with these tools can perform theirwork from any place—their homes, cars, restaurants,
airports, customers offices, and so on. These electronic communication tools allow organizations
to greatly reduce the office work needed for each employee, sometimesenabling them to replace
dozens of desks with a single 'productivity centre',that the employees can use for holding
meetings and accomplishing othershort-term tasks.

34) what is imaging ?

imaging is the capture, storage, manipulation, and display of images. In document imaging, the
emphasis is on capturing, storing, and retrieving information from the images (which are often
mainly images of text). In graphical imaging, the emphasis is on the manipulation of created
images in order to achieve special effects through rotating, stretching, blurring, resizing, twirling,
and other changes to the original image.

35) what do you mean by desktop processing ?

These are to produce documents such as memos and pamphlets. They have many of the features
of word processing software along with more sophisticated text and graphics capabilities.
Examples: MS Publisher, Adobe PageMaker.

36) write any 2 uses of tally packages?

Tally is a financial statement accounting software. The advantages are:

1. It eliminates the use of hardcopy legers,cash book etc.
2. It gives access to any account directly by opening the file.
3. Entries can be deleted ,edited or new entries made without redoing the complete account.
4. Immediate upto date account such as daily,monthly ,quarterly statements.

37) what is teleconferencing ?

Teleconferencing definition is basically meeting with telecommunications medium. This is a
general term to link people at two or more locations with electronics.It is a telephone meeting
with two participants or more that involves in technology, which is more sophisticated than a
two-way simple phone connection. Teleconference at its simplest case, is when an audio
conference is done with both or one ends of the conference that shares a speaker phone. The
audio teleconferences of today are arranged on dial-up phone lines sometimes and use bridging
services to offer necessary equipments for the call.

38) what is spread sheet ?

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These work as electronic calculators, and are used for extensive number crunching work, such
as financial analysis, budget preparation and other numerical analysis. Also used for what-if
analyses.
Examples: Ms Excel, Lotus 1-2-3.

39) what is multitasking ?

40) difference between internet and world wide web?

Internet :
 It is a global network connecting millions of computers.
 The Internet is decentralized.
 Each Internet computer is independent.
 There are a variety of ways to access the Internet.
 There are more than 3,700,000,000 Internet Users in the world.
The Web (www):
 It is a system of Internet servers that support specially formatted documents.
 Documents are formatted in a markup language that supports links to other documents.
 You can jump from one document to another simply by clicking on hot spots (hyperlinks).
 Applications called Web browsers that make it easy to access the World Wide Web.
 There are more than 1,275,000,000 Websites.

41) mention any 2 applications of a databases?

1) Excel: Databases or spreadsheets 2) NoSQL/NewSQL: The Hipsters 3) SQL: The Classic

4) Banking 5) Airlines 6) Universities 7.) Manufacturing and selling

42) what is data redundancy ?

Data redundancy is a condition created within a database or data storage technology in which the
same piece of data is held in two separate places.
This can mean two different fields within a single database, or two different spots in multiple
software environments or platforms. Whenever data is repeated, this basically constitutes data

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redundancy. This can occur by accident, but is also done deliberately for backup and recovery
purposes.

43) GIVE 2 limitations of MIS?

1) It should be based on a long-term planning.

2) It should provide a holistic view of the dynamics and structure of the
organization.
3) It should also take care of exceptional situations by reporting such situations.
4) It should be based on need of strategic, operational and tactical direction at the
development stage of the MIS.

44) What do you mean by budget ?

The demands of MIS and scope of the system mainly depend upon the allocation
of resources for the project. The funds available for computerization should be earmarked to
provide an optimum system to an organization. The popular approaches to budgeting are top
down budgeting, bottom up budgeting and zero based budgeting.

45) what are the 2 characterstics of MSI?

1) system approach : which implies the step-by-step approach for the study of organization
and its performance in the light of the objective for which it has been constituted.
2) need based : the design and development of MIS should also be future oriented so that the
system can provide information for the future project also.
3)long term planning : MIS cannot be developed in the short interval of time because it
involves complex planning and long time period.

46) what do you mean by MIS planning ?

MIS Planning initiates from general business planning. The general business planning initiates
from the following components:

i) Mission of the corporate

ii) Objective and goals for the corporate in all keys performance areas. These are in

line with the mission of the corporate.

iii) Strategic planning for general approach on how to achieve long term objectives.

iv) Operational planning for specific guidelines on how to traverse short term milestone.

47) difference between location (traditional )and functional concepts ?

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In modern times, concept of office is taken in a broader sense to represent the functions
performed by clerical staff and immediate supervisory staff rather than the place where these
functions are performed. For example, a virtual office is not identified by a place because people
can perform these functions from any place. Office work implies clerical work, whether it is
performed in a particular place called office, in factories or elsewhere. Thus, an office is that part
of an organization which helps in planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling
organizational operations through communication and records.

48) WHAT is videotex and tele-conferencing?

Videotex (or "interactive videotex") was one of the earliest implementations of an end-user information
system. From the late 1970s to early 2010s, it was used to deliver information (usually pages of text) to a user
in computer-like format, typically to be displayed on television or a dumb terminal.

49) what is video conferencing ?

A video conference is a live, visual connection between two or more people residing
in separate locations for the purpose of communication. At its simplest, video
conferencing provides transmission of static images and text between two locations.
At its most sophisticated, it provides transmission of full-motion video images and
high-quality audio between multiple locations.

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